Pedways (short for pedestrian walkways ) are elevated or underground walkways, often connecting urban high-rises to each other, other buildings, or the street. They provide quick and comfortable movement from building to building, away from traffic and inclement weather. Two of the largest networks of underground walkways are located in Canada, with RÉSO in Montreal and PATH in Toronto each consisting of approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) of underground city-centre walkways.
13-646: The concept of the elevated pedestrian way is credited to Antonio Sant'Elia , an Italian architect whose career was cut short by his death in World War One. He foresaw the city of the future as high rise tower blocks connected by elevated walkways at different levels. [REDACTED] Media related to Pedways at Wikimedia Commons This architecture -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Antonio Sant%27Elia Antonio Sant'Elia ( Italian pronunciation: [anˈtɔːnjo santeˈliːa] ; 30 April 1888 – 10 October 1916)
26-735: A design office in Milan and became involved with the Futurist movement after meeting with Filippo Tommaso Marinetti . The Manifesto of Futurist Architecture was published in Lacerba in August 1914. It has been attributed to Sant'Elia, though some historians dispute this. In it, the author states that "The decorative value of Futurist architecture depends solely on the use and original arrangement of raw or bare or violently colored materials". Sant'Elia's vision consisted in an industrialized and mechanized city of
39-477: A listing indicates a work done in partnership with H. Griffith Edwards. Portman was praised for his "cinematic" interiors artfully relating interior space and elements to the individual. In the 1960s and 1970s the placement of such buildings in America's decaying downtowns was considered salvation of the city centers, but some contemporary city planners are critical of such insular environments that "turn their back" on
52-657: A new age. Many of his drawings were exhibited at the only show of the Nuove Tendenze group (of which he was a member) in May-June 1914 at the Famiglia Artistica gallery in Milan. Today, about 170 of his works on paper are on permanent display as part of the collection of Pinacoteca Civica di Palazzo Volpi, Como . Sant'Elia's work featured vast monolithic skyscraper buildings with terraces, bridges and aerial walkways that embodied
65-541: A particularly large impact on the cityscape of his hometown of Atlanta , with the Peachtree Center complex serving as downtown's business and tourism anchor from the 1970s onward. The Peachtree Center area includes Portman-designed Hyatt , Westin , and Marriott hotels. Portman's plans typically deal with primitives in the forms of symmetrical squares and circles. Portman was born to John C. Portman Sr. and Edna Rochester Portman. He had five sisters. He graduated from
78-592: Is often cited as a precursor to architects such as John Portman and Helmut Jahn . The production design of dystopian films like Fritz Lang 's 1927 Metropolis and Ridley Scott 's 1982 Hollywood movie Blade Runner is also indebted to Sant'Elia's ideas. John Portman John Calvin Portman Jr. (December 4, 1924 – December 29, 2017) was an American neofuturistic architect and real estate developer widely known for popularizing hotels and office buildings with multi-storied interior atria . Portman also had
91-911: The Georgia Institute of Technology in 1950. His firm completed the Merchandise Mart (now AmericasMart ) in downtown Atlanta in 1961. The multi-block Peachtree Center was begun in 1965 and would expand to become the main center of hotel and office space in Downtown Atlanta, taking over from the Five Points area just to the south. Portman would develop a similar multiblock complex at San Francisco 's Embarcadero Center (1970s), which unlike its Atlanta counterpart, heavily emphasized pedestrian activity at street level. The Hyatt Regency Atlanta , Portman's first atrium hotel, would lead to many more iconic hotels and multi-use complexes with atria, including
104-1031: The Westin Bonaventure Hotel in Los Angeles (1974–1976), the New York Marriott Marquis (1982–1985), and the Renaissance Center in Detroit (first phase 1973–1977), whose central tower remained the tallest hotel in the Western Hemisphere until the completion of 1717 Broadway in 2013. His signature work in China, the Shanghai Centre (1990), was the first of many major projects in China and elsewhere in Asia. The 5-star hotel inside, The Portman Ritz-Carlton, Shanghai (formerly Portman Shangri-La Hotel),
117-571: The Isonzo , near Gorizia , in 1916. Sant'Elia left behind very few examples of his architecture work. Among those are Villa Elisi in San Maurizio (nowadays a subdivision of Brunate ), and a War Memorial in Como. The latter was completed by Giuseppe Terragni in 1933. Though most of Sant'Elia's designs were never realized, his utopian vision turned out to be quite influential for generations to come. Sant'Elia
130-513: The future, which he saw not as a conglomerate of individual buildings but a vast, multi-level, interconnected and integrated urban conurbation designed around the "life" of the city. Between 1912 and 1914, influenced by the United States urban landscape as well as by architects such as Otto Wagner , Adolf Loos , and Renzo Picasso , Sant'Elia started working on a series of sketches for a futurist "Città Nuova" ("New City") designed to symbolize
143-523: The sheer excitement of modern architecture and technology. His monumentalism, however, was also influenced by Art Nouveau architect Giuseppe Sommaruga . A nationalist as well as an irredentist , Sant'Elia, together with other futurists such as Mario Sironi , Umberto Boccioni and Marinetti, joined the Italian army as Italy entered World War I in 1915. Sant'Elia was killed during the Eighth Battle of
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#1732851195275156-643: Was an Italian architect and a key member of the Futurist movement in architecture. He left behind almost no completed works of architecture and is primarily remembered for his bold sketches and influence on modern architecture. Antonio Sant'Elia was born in Como , Lombardy . A builder by training, he studied at the Brera Academy in Milan with Giuseppe Mentessi , and then at the University of Bologna , where he graduated in architecture in 1912. The same year, he opened
169-665: Was named after him. In 2009 Portman's work was featured in a major exhibition at Atlanta's High Museum of Art . Portman was a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects . Portman married Joan "Jan" Newton. They had six children. Portman died on December 29, 2017, aged 93. He was survived, among others, by his wife and five of his children, as well as his daughter-in-law, actress Traylor Howard , and three of his five siblings. In chronological order by first listed completion date — for complexes, by completion date of first building in complex An asterisk (*) following
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