Pedro Juan Caballero ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾo ˈxwaŋ kaβaˈʎeɾo] ; 1786–1821) was a leading figure of Paraguayan independence . He was born in Tobatí , a town located Cordillera Department of Paraguay which was then part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata . He was one of the major leaders of the Revolution of May 14, 1811, despite being six years younger than the leading figure of Independence period Fulgencio Yegros and 20 years younger than the future dictator of Paraguay José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia . In 1820 he was accused of being involved in the conspiracy against Francia, and committed suicide in his cell on July 13, 1821. The Paraguayan city of Pedro Juan Caballero is named after him.
17-408: Pedro Juan Caballero may refer to: Pedro Juan Caballero (politician) , leader of Paraguayan independence Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay , a city Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pedro Juan Caballero . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
34-478: A period of persecution and repression began. Historically this is the start of "the Franciato", the period of Francia's absolute dictatorship. Pedro Juan Caballero was arrested six months after the discovery of the plot, and committed suicide in his cell on July 13, 1821 after learning that he was to be executed. He allegedly wrote a note on the wall of his cell: "I know that suicide is against the law of God and man, but
51-575: The Battle of Tacuarí and Battle of Paraguari against the army led by Manuel Belgrano . Paraguayan victory at the January 19, 1811 Battle of Paraguari forced Belgrano to retreat southward. On March 9, 1811, on the banks of River Tacuarí, while Belgrano awaited reinforcements from Buenos Aires , another battle was launched and won by Paraguayans. Belgrano called for capitulation, which was granted, and his troops left Province of Paraguay. Military victories against
68-728: The Spanish colonial army. He had his first combat experiences in 1802 against the Portuguese and in 1807 when he was part of the Paraguayan forces that defended Buenos Aires during British invasions of the Río de la Plata . He reached the rank of captain in 1810 and was given the governorship of Misiones . In early 1811 he participated in Paraguay campaign and defended Paraguay against the invaders led by Manuel Belgrano . Yegros and Pedro Juan Caballero were
85-517: The Supreme dictator for a period of five years. During the next years Caballero did not participate in politics and turned his attention to yerba mate trade. Since 1814 José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia ruled alone as the Supreme dictator and in 1816 was elected by Congress to be Dictator for life. A conspiracy, which involved many leading men of the Independence era, to overthrow Francia, was planned for
102-540: The arrival of troops led by Fulgencio Yegros . In the evening of May 14, 1811, after the curfew had started, plotters led by Captain Pedro Juan Caballero went to the Governor's quarters located on the main square of Asuncion , where they were greeted by second lieutenant Mauricio Jose Troche , a supporter of plot, was on duty and in charge of the small garrison of 34 men from Curuguaty . Governor's quarters became
119-445: The center of the revolution; political prisoners were released, weapons prepared, security measures taken and emissaries sent to bring Fulgencio Yegros and Manuel Atanasio Cabañas to Asuncion. The Cathedral bells were rung and resonated throughout the city. At midnight Vicente Ignacio Iturbe presented Governor Velasco with demands from plotters led by Caballero, which could be summarized as follows: As Governor Bernardo de Velasco
136-493: The last days of the Holy Week of 1820. Francia learned about the plot from two slaves that denounced their master for making gunpowder and from a confession of a conspirator to his priest on Holy Week and arrests started. All the heroes of Independence were arrested, even those who had voluntarily renounced any political activity, such as Fulgencio Yegros. Dr. Francia was relentless. Some of the prisoners (64 in ten days) were shot, and
153-420: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Juan_Caballero&oldid=933047387 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pedro Juan Caballero (politician) Caballero participated in
170-564: The main military figures in the Revolution of May 1811, which led to the Independence of Paraguay . Following independence, from June 19, 1811 until October 12, 1813 Yegros was President of the five-man ruling Junta Superior Gubernativa which in 1813 was replaced by a two-man consulate. Yegros and José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia were chosen by Congress in 1813 as Consuls of the Republic following
187-475: The model of the French Revolution . During this time, he founded the first military academy in independent Paraguay. Yegros was more of a military man than a politician, and during his time as Consul he was marginalised by Francia. His term lasted from 12 February 1814 to 12 June 1814. After it ended, Francia was elected dictator of Paraguay and Yegros retired from public life to his estate. In 1820 Yegros
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#1732855258631204-668: The thirst of blood of the Tyrant of my homeland shall not be appeased with mine". Fulgencio Yegros Fulgencio Yegros y Franco de Torres (born 1780 in Quyquyhó , died 1821) was a Paraguayan soldier, landowner and the first head of state of independent Paraguay . The town of Yegros is named in his honor. Yegros was born to a family of military tradition and also pursued a military career. Grandson of governor Fulgencio Yegros y Ledesma [ es ] , he studied in Asunción and joined
221-704: The troops sent by the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata increased Paraguayan determination to create and safeguard their own state. Worried by the rumors that the last Spanish governor Velasco is about to ask for military protection from the Portuguese Brazil, local patriots started plotting against him. Initially they were planning to take action on May 25, a one-year anniversary of the May Revolution , but on Francia's advice decided to act sooner, without waiting for
238-443: Was appointed. Other members were Fulgencio Yegros as President, José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia , Francisco Xavier Bogarin , and Fernando de la Mora . Junta's achievements: The Congress of October 1813 disbanded the five-man junta and created a two-man Consulate. Caballero was a strong candidate for consulship, but in the end the more politically powerful Fulgencio Yegros and Francia were elected to be consuls. Caballero, who
255-550: Was involved in the profitable yerba mate trade, was opposed to Francia's economic policies and together with Juan Manuel Gamarra and Jose Teodoro Fernandez created opposition group which unsuccessfully tried to get support of the Consul Fulgencio Yegros. He refused and together with Consul Francia on September 26, 1814 ordered Caballero's group to leave Asuncion and retire to their country estates. Just eight days later National Congress convened and elected Francia to be
272-510: Was met with joy by the crowd. The flag was raised and 21 cannonballs fired. On May 17 a public proclamation informed people that a ruling junta, consisting of Governor Velasco, Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia and Army captain Juan Valeriano de Zeballos has been created. The new junta quickly convened a National Congress on June 17, 1811, which removed Velasco from all power and created a new five-man Junta Superior Gubernativa to which Caballero
289-419: Was reluctant to accept the conditions presented by plotters, additional revolutionary troops came to the square and settled eight cannons in front of the house of government; Vicente Ignacio Iturbe brought a new ultimatum, setting a short deadline for response. Governor Velasco was against any bloodshed, and came to the door to say: "If this is because of authority, I give up the command baton ." This announcement
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