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59-470: Although located 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Santander by road, it lies on a peninsula only about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) across the bay from Santander, separated from land to the east by the mouth of the Miera River . Pedreña and other parts of Santander Bay can be reached by boats which leave from Santander at regular intervals. The most famous son of Pedreña is golfer Seve Ballesteros (1957–2011);

118-635: A 3-iron given to him by his older brother Manuel when he was eight years old. Also born or living in this village were golfers Ramón Sota Ocejo (1938–2012), an uncle of Ballesteros, and José Manuel Carriles Corino (1963), the hockey player Pilar González Noval (1959) and the basketball player David Doblas (1981). The main avenue is named after Ballesteros. Santander, Cantabria Santander ( UK : / ˌ s æ n t ən ˈ d ɛər , - t æ n -/ SAN -tən- DAIR , -⁠tan- , US : / ˌ s ɑː n t ɑː n ˈ d ɛər / SAHN -tahn- DAIR ; Spanish: [santanˈdeɾ] )

177-485: A bit less sunny than most of England's south coastal regions. The area closer to the coast has higher sunshine time but lower summer afternoon temperatures. The bars and restaurants of the old town are popular with tourists, as well as the El Sardinero beach a couple of kilometres away. The Cathedral of Santander : The lower temple, called "cripta del Cristo" was built around 1200 on other earlier Roman buildings. It

236-512: A commercial street that links the City Hall with Hernán Cortés, while respecting the church of La Compañía, which was spared from the fire. The fire caused only one victim, Julián Sánchez García, a firefighter from Madrid who died in Valdecilla hospital after a slight recovery. Nevertheless, the material damage was immense, and thousands of families lost their homes. The material assessment of

295-454: A great change in the urban structure of Santander. Most of the damage was material, as thousands of families lost their homes and businesses. There was one fatality, a firefighter from Madrid, and more than a hundred people were injured. The fire is popularly known as the Andalusian fire because, curiously, it started on Cadiz Street and the flames were stopped at Seville Street. In 1941 Spain

354-501: A population of about 4,000 or 5,000 inhabitants. The city owes its existence to the excellent harbour of the Bay of Santander . Santander was an important port for Castile in the later Middle Ages, and also for trade with the New World . It officially became a city in 1755. On 3 November 1893 a steamship, Cabo Machichaco , caught fire while she was being unloaded at a pier in the heart of

413-413: A process of urban renewal that preceded that of other Spanish cities. On the other hand, it triggered a non-spontaneous mobilization of population of large proportions that ultimately leaves its traces in the current socio-urban structuring. Even so, it took 25 years to rebuild the city in its entirety. In 2016, as a commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the fire, a long series of activities organized by

472-414: A site of Cultural Interest in 2002. The present parish church, Iglesia de San Pedro was built in 1950s and its construction attempted to revive elements of traditional religious architecture in the area. The work of the church belongs to the artist and painter Santander Fernando Calderon, inspired by Byzantine frescoes. The main festival held here is San Pedro Pedreña, a festival with great tradition. It

531-454: Is 31 metres (102 ft) long and 18 metres (59 ft) wide, organised into three naves. Its style is a transition from Romanesque to Gothic . The Lighthouse of Cabo Mayor presides over the entrance to the Bay of Santander. Parque de la Vaguada de las Llamas is one of the largest parks in northern Spain, covering 11 hectares (27 acres) of the city. Santander is pilot for a smart city . It

590-488: Is 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) in August 1940. Sunshine hours are very low by comparison with the rest of mainland and southern Spain. Even compared with other areas of northern Spain, such as Galicia , which have many more hours of sunshine in coastal cities such as Vigo or Pontevedra . With annual averages of approximately 1650 hours of sunshine, Santander's southern areas are about as sunny as London and Paris , and quite

649-507: Is attended by many people from both the municipality and other surrounding towns, on 29 June every year, near the golf course. Fishing is also popular in Pedreña. Pedreña lies on a peninsula only about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) across the bay from Santander. The main road through the village is the CA-141 which connects it to village of Somo just across the mouth of the Miera River to the east of

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708-543: Is embedded with 12,000 sensors. The People's Party were the leading party in the municipal elections of 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019. As a service centre at the regional level, Santander contains important public institutions and private organisations with a large number of employees, including Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital , the University of Cantabria and Grupo Santander . Activities related to culture, leisure and tourism are an important part of

767-552: Is mainly service based. The port is still very active and a regular ferry service operates to the United Kingdom . Fish and seafood dominate the local cuisine. Santander notably houses the headquarters of multinational bank Banco Santander , which was founded there. The city has a mild climate typical of the Spanish northern coastline with frequent rainfall and stable temperatures. Cold snaps and heat waves are very rare. The origin of

826-607: Is technically classified as maritime subtropical (Cfbl/Cfbk) by the Trewartha climate classification. The maximum temperature reached in Santander Airport was 37.8 °C (100 °F) on 27 June 2009, and the minimum temperature −5.4 °C (22 °F) on 21 January 1957. The highest maximum daytime average for a month was in August 2003, with 27.1 °C (80.8 °F). Warm months (mean above 22 °C (72 °F)) are however rare. The highest temperature recorded in downtown

885-706: Is the capital of the autonomous community of Cantabria , Spain. It has a population of 172,000 (2017). It is a port city located in the northern coast of the Iberian Peninsula , facing the Cantabrian Sea . It is believed to have been a port since ancient times, due to its favourable location, and is documented as far back as the 11th century. Much of the medieval city was lost in the Great Fire of 1941 . Today, its remaining old town, beach and other attractions are popular with tourists and other visitors and its economy

944-418: The 40s was the clearing between the cathedral and the current Ruamayor Street. Parallel to all of the above, two fundamental phenomena occurred: the displacement of the lower class population settled in the old houses of the center to the periphery, which led to the consequent growth of the city on its outskirts. In Santander, construction activity in the years following the fire increased significantly, below

1003-537: The United Kingdom and Cork in Ireland , all operated by Brittany Ferries . Santander railway station serves three million annual passengers. The city is served by the Seve Ballesteros–Santander Airport (SDR), located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the city centre. Santander has a great tradition and cultural activity, with events that play an important role in cultural and social life of

1062-406: The 17th, the absence of wind favored the extinguishing works. Furniture and homeless passers-by began to disappear from the streets. The firefighters penetrated into the burnt area, and the last outbreaks were drowned, although it would not be completely extinguished until fifteen days later. During the 18th, Governor Carlos Ruiz García issued an Official Information Bulletin giving instructions to

1121-607: The Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Navigation, and currently also includes the headquarters of Caja Cantabria. Another proposed objective was the revaluation of religious buildings, taking advantage of their limited aesthetic possibilities. For this reason, time was devoted to the reconstruction of the cathedral of Santander , the church of the Annunciation and the construction of the Plaza de la Asunción. Finally, an important achievement of

1180-503: The Francoist censorship reacted forcefully, minimizing as much as possible the accidents or insinuating sabotage conspiracies to harm the Francoist regime . The triggering element of the catastrophe was the strong southeasterly wind that, since the afternoon of 15 February, hit the city, accompanied by an atmospheric depression of great intensity. The maximum speed it reached is unknown, since

1239-579: The Rua de la Sal, The cavalcade Palace, Ribera, Don Gutierre, Puerta de la Sierra, Gallows and the Arcillero Rua. The two pueblas were joined by a bridge over the river that divided Becedo and flowed down to the shipyards, which were ordered by the king to take timber from the Cantabrian forests for shipbuilding. The villa was required to give the monarchy a ship per year. By the end of the 15th century Santander had

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1298-576: The after hold of the ship. 18 people were killed and 11 injured. Santander fell victim to a great fire in 1941. Fanned by a strong south wind, the fire burned for two days. The fire started in Cádiz Street, next to the harbour, the Cathedral and the medieval quarter. The fire destroyed the Old Town Hall, Jesús de Monasterio and Vargas streets and Atarazanas square buildings. It led to a major change in

1357-419: The architecture of Santander, away from the older small stone and wood buildings with balconies to the enormous blocks of flats built during the reconstruction. There was only one casualty of the fire, a firefighter from Madrid killed in the line of duty, but thousands of families were left homeless and the city was plunged into chaos. The fire destroyed the greater part of the medieval town centre and gutted

1416-557: The axis of the Puebla Vieja ( cathedral , Rúa Mayor, Rúa Menor...), the fire spread towards the streets of La Ribera, San Francisco, Atarazanas, El Puente, La Blanca and Plaza Vieja. In this way it placed its limits to the north, in the slope of the Atalaya, and the street of San José, by the west the fire was cut before reaching Isabel II and the Limón street, without affecting the headquarters of

1475-542: The city council, by the south it extended until the street Calderón de la Barca, while by the east the fire stopped in the first houses of the expansion . The limits of the fire coincide almost completely with the walled space of the 12th century villa. During the 16th the fire continued, subsiding in the east but advancing in other areas of the city. That same day, 24 hours after the fire started, firefighters arrived from Bilbao , San Sebastián , Palencia , Burgos , Oviedo , Gijón , Avilés and Madrid . Already on

1534-483: The city of Santander are the fried calamari called rabas , double donuts, bean stew called cocido montañés , and seafood dishes ranging from seabass and sardine to products such as morguera . Racing de Santander is the main football team in the city, playing their home games at the Campos de Sport de El Sardinero . Some elite teams of Santander: 1941 Santander fire The Santander fire of 1941

1593-426: The city was cleared, but the risk of landslides increased considerably. On the 20th the civil governor issued a decree obliging all owners to repair the roofs of buildings and smoke vents within 48 hours. La Covadonga, Trascueto and Agustín García shingle kilns were seized. The first field kitchens arrived and the distribution of hot food to the victims began. The main outbreaks of the fire were extinguished in

1652-411: The city's Romanesque cathedral . The city is located on the northern side of the Bay of Santander . The city of Santander has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ), the annual thermal oscillation of the average monthly temperatures reaching around 10 °C (18 °F). Due to the relatively mild winters (with average temperatures staying near 10 °C (18 °F)), it

1711-400: The city's economy, and the regional and municipal authorities look to augment the summer tourist trade with additional offerings, including conventions, conferences, cultural festivals and cruises. Banco Santander , Spain's largest bank and corporation, has had its legal headquarters located in the city since its foundation. There are ferry services to and from Portsmouth and Plymouth in

1770-459: The city. A crowd of 2,000 to 3,000 people watched as crew and firefighters fought the fire. About 40 tonnes of dynamite being carried in her forward holds exploded, killing about 590 people, injuring about 2,000, sinking the ship and destroying at least 65 buildings near the harbour. On 21 March 1894 a salvage diver working to salvage cargo from Cabo Machichaco ' s wreck accidentally detonated about 11 tonnes of dynamite that were submerged in

1829-709: The city. UIMP is a major international summer university and organizes large festivals of music and dance . The Festival Internacional de Santander (FIS), Festival Internacional de Música de Órgano (FiMÓC), Encuentro de Música y Academia and the Paloma O'Shea International Piano Competition are main cultural events. Santander's cuisine is characteristic of Cantabria in that it is based mainly on seafood . Popular shellfish include almejas ( clams ) and muergos ( razor clams ); fish include seabream , red mullet , anchovies , seabass and sardines ; and squid and cuttlefish are also commonly eaten. Some typical dishes from

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1888-462: The coast to the east of the village and opened in 1928 with fine views of the bay of Santander. In 1983, during development works, several slab tombs revealed a collection of some 72 silver medieval coins, which have been dated between the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. This important "hoard" is preserved in the Regional Museum of Prehistory and Archaeology and the cemetery was declared

1947-641: The construction of housing came from municipal state agencies that built cheap houses of an almost or totally suburban type (200 " casucas " of Canda Landáburu in La Albericia, housing in the neighborhood of Campogiro in Peñacastillo and blocks of housing subsidized by the Obra Sindical del Hogar), generally of low quality, such as the Pero Niño Group (the only neighborhood for the modest classes to be built in

2006-490: The disaster area), and on the outskirts, the Santos Mártires (162 homes), José María de Pereda (111), Pedro Velarde (348) and Barrio Pesquero (294) groups. In the area affected by the fire, approximately half as many low-income housing units were built as bourgeois residences, a phenomenon that clearly illustrates the new social and functional dimension that was imposed in this central area and, therefore, of great value in

2065-498: The dysfunctionalities resulting from the narrow and irregularly distributed streets of the historic center. To this end, a project was accepted that followed the guidelines of the Ensanche model, with an orthogonal grid composed of wide streets in the areas of greatest traffic confluence. In this sense, it is illustrative of the widening of the old Atarazanas street to form the current Calvo Sotelo avenue. The second fundamental criterion

2124-435: The earliest human settlements in the current Santander is not easy to establish because there is little written and little archaeological data. However, there would appear to be good practical reasons for ancient settlers to have chosen the north side of the bay, sheltered from it and safer from the storms of the Bay of Biscay , on the north side of the promontory of Somorrostro and along the ancient Becedo estuary. Moreover,

2183-681: The end of the 1930s and the following decade could be the explosion of the ammunition dump in Peñaranda de Bracamonte in 1939, the explosion of the ammunition dump in Pinar de Antequera in 1940, the railway accident in Torre del Bierzo in 1944, the sinking of the submarine C-4 in 1946, the explosion of the ammunition dumps in Alcalá de Henares in 1947, the explosion of a Navy ammunition dump in Cádiz in 1947. In all these cases

2242-404: The existing chapel on the hill of Somorrostro, housing as holy relics the heads of Saint Emeterius and Saint Celedonius and the graves of other unknown martyrs, giving the abbey its name. Alfonso VIII of Castile granted the city a fuero (charter) in 1187. During the 12th and 13th centuries the population was contained within the walls of two different pueblas. La Puebla, the older, on

2301-429: The first three days, but most of the ruins and destroyed buildings harbored flames in the following days. After fifteen days from the beginning of the fire, the catastrophe came to an end with the last extinguished focus of the fire, in a house on Cuesta Street. In general, the fire affected the narrow streets (except for Atarazanas), with buildings basically constructed of wood and with bay windows that facilitated

2360-650: The hill overlooking the city facing the bay, included the old castle, the Abbey of the Holy Bodies and the cloister. It had three rows of houses, separated by Rua Carnicerias and Rua Mayor, where the homes of prominent people of the town were, as well as those of the Abbot's canons. Meanwhile, the Puebla Nueva contained the convent of Santa Clara and San Francisco, which gave its name to one of the main streets; other important streets were

2419-562: The hillside provided good visibility for spotting potential attackers, making this the ideal place for the foundation of a stable settlement, which was to evolve throughout the Middle Ages . Although it is mentioned for the first time in 1068, in a draft document made by King Sancho II , in the 9th century Alfonso II the Chaste founded the Abadía de los Cuerpos Santos ("Abbey of the Holy Bodies") in

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2478-403: The information of the time. It is known with almost total certainty that it started in Cádiz Street, but the triggering object varies according to the source. Some allude to a chimney at number 20 of the same street, others to a short circuit, and some texts locate the origin of the fire at number 5. From there, the fire quickly spread to number 15 Rúa Mayor, fanned by the strong south wind. From

2537-400: The losses was officially put at 85,312,506 pesetas . The number of victims amounted to some 10,000 people, which, bearing in mind that the de facto population of the city in 1940 was 101,793 inhabitants ( INE ), meant that approximately 10% of the inhabitants of Santander were left homeless and a good percentage of them lost their businesses and companies. In 1941, Spain was in the midst of

2596-509: The main avenue in the village is named after him. Pedreña Cemetery is located in the ruins of the ancient parish church. The church was under the patronage of San Pedro de Ambojo. This name appears in several documents to refer to the current location of Pedreña. This medieval church is dated to the 14th or 15th century. During the Spanish Civil War the church was destroyed and left as a ruin. The golf course, Real Golf de Pedreña , lies on

2655-463: The measuring instruments in Santander were destroyed by the storm. Gusts of over 180 kilometers per hour are estimated. The fire started in Cádiz Street, in the vicinity of the docks, and fanned by a strong south wind, the flames soon reached the cathedral, which, being located in the highest area, became a powerful source of fire spread to the nearby streets. The origins of the fire are not detailed in

2714-412: The population and providing information on the magnitude of the disaster. Above all, slogans, orders and specific instructions on supplies and food distribution were disseminated. That same night the cruiser Canarias arrived in port, which would bring supplies and food to the population. The change of the wind to the northwest and the beginning of the rain helped the firefighters' work. The atmosphere in

2773-408: The population displaced by the fire went. This is fundamental for understanding the dynamics of Santander's urban space in the stage prior to the great expansion of the 1960s. The reconstruction, which began quickly, was undertaken on the basis of a series of fundamental principles. First of all, an attempt was made to solve the road problem by building a new route for the tramway that would overcome

2832-483: The post-war period and the socioeconomic situation was not very favorable, so a catastrophe of this magnitude increased the bad situation for both the city and the region. As a result of the fire, 115,421 m of urban land magnificently located in the physical center of the city of Santander were vacated and expropriated to concentrate the plots of land. It was, therefore, an exceptionally favorable occasion to make land available for real estate businesses in an area where

2891-490: The premises used for this activity. It must be taken into account that the streets of La Blanca and San Francisco were the base of the commercial life of the city. Likewise, some public buildings disappeared or were affected to a greater or lesser degree. This is the case of the cathedral of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción , the old Town Hall , the church of La Compañía and the palace of the Marquis of Villatorre. The headquarters of

2950-403: The real needs and following a selective criterion. Thus, the area directly affected by the fire was remodeled through private initiative, which constructed buildings for official, commercial and bourgeois residential use. Workers' housing was located, at first provisionally in certain cases, in isolated points of the urban center, generally far from the center. In these cases, the management for

3009-476: The regional newspaper El Diario Montañés was destroyed by fire. There were about 10,000 victims and about 7,000 people in forced unemployment. At the time of the disaster, the post of Special Government Delegate for the Reconstruction of Santander was created, which was in charge of the new area and the urban future of the city. The reconstruction plan included the opening of the new Juan de Herrera Street,

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3068-461: The spread of the flames. The result was the almost complete destruction of the historical area of the city, that is to say, almost the entire old part of the city , affecting, above all, the Vieja and Nueva Puebla and more modern buildings erected in its precincts. The buildings that disappeared were mainly residential buildings, most of which were occupied by the working classes. Most of the medieval town

3127-418: The urban area as a whole. By 1954, this extensive reconstruction work was practically completed, resulting in five new public buildings and 170 private ones. Thus, the fire and the subsequent reconstruction of the center brought with it two key consequences for the current city of Santander . On the one hand, there was a profound morphological and functional transformation of the central urban space that led to

3186-403: The value of the land was and is subject to a growing surplus value , which led to speculation with such land in order to favor the upper classes of the city. The fire had a significant impact on urban planning and an indisputable impact on the social reorganization of the city of Santander , stimulating new urban processes both in the center and in the peripheral areas to which a large part of

3245-411: The village. Rubayo lies along this road, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the south of the village. A small marina lies on the sea front, 20 metres (66 ft) from the golf course and a regatta is also held. Golfer Seve Ballesteros (1957–2011) was born and died in Pedreña. He learned the game while playing on the beaches near his home, at the time while he was supposed to be in school, mainly using

3304-454: Was a natural disaster that occurred in the Spanish city of Santander during the early morning hours of 15 February to 16 February 1941. Occurring decades after the explosion of the steamship Cabo Machichaco (1893), it is considered the most devastating fire in the history of the city. The fire destroyed a large part of the historic center of the city, including the cathedral , and caused

3363-412: Was destroyed, the total were 37 of the oldest streets of the city that occupied 14 hectares , which meant the disappearance of 400 buildings, including homes (approximately 2000) and stores. The affected area was also characterized by being the center of the city, the axis where most of Santander 's commercial establishments were located at that time. It has been calculated that the fire destroyed 90% of

3422-655: Was given by the commercial orientation and wealthy residence that was given priority to this area, especially to the streets of San Francisco, Calvo Sotelo and Juan de Herrera. Likewise, the need to build a main square as the new representative center of the city was upheld: the Plaza Porticada, home to some official buildings , such as the Civil Government, the Treasury Delegation, the Military Government,

3481-512: Was in a very difficult post-war period, since the three-year civil war that had ended two years earlier was compounded by the fact that World War II was underway, making reconstruction difficult. Due to the extreme poverty of this period, it is not surprising that all kinds of accidents occurred due to outdated or poorly maintained equipment which did not meet conservation conditions. Many of these accidents caused enormous material and human losses. Examples of these accidents that took place during

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