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36-591: Pave Penny does not produce a laser beam and cannot be used to designate targets. It was designed to be used with designators on the ground or on other aircraft. PAVE was later used as an acronym for Precision Avionics Vectoring Equipment. The Pave Penny was developed in the mid-1970s based on the earlier AN/AVQ-11 Pave Sword laser tracker used on a few USAF F-4 Phantom IIs during the Vietnam War , miniaturized using solid-state electronics. The compact (31 in / 78 cm) pod, which weighs only 32 lb (14.5 kg)

72-670: A North Vietnamese MiG-21 on 28 January 1970 while on a CSAR mission over Laos – and three lost in accidents. The Super Jollies made headlines in November 1970 in the unsuccessful raid into North Vietnam to rescue prisoners-of-war from the Son Tay prison camp, as well as in the operation to rescue the crew of the freighter SS Mayagüez from Cambodian Khmer Rouge fighters in May 1975. The HH-53B, HH-53C, and CH-53C remained in Air Force service into

108-464: A Super Jolly, but reliability was not adequate. In 1975, an HH-53B was fitted with the much improved "Pave Low II" system and re-designated YHH-53H. This exercise proved much more satisfactory, and so eight HH-53Cs were given a further improved systems fit and redesignated HH-53H Pave Low III , with the YHH-53H also upgraded to this specification. All were delivered in 1979 and 1980. The HH-53H retained

144-425: A laser. It can recognize specific laser designation signals based on pre-determined four-digit codes encoded into the laser pulse, allowing it to seek out particular targets and ignore others (to avoid, for example, several aircraft hitting the same target). There is no range-finding capability. The Pave Penny's nominal range is 20 miles (32 km), although effective range is considerably shorter. The Pave Penny pod

180-688: A list of PAVE program names relating to Laser Guided bombs Nicknames and Practice Terms , Department of the Air Force, 15 March 1979, p. 30 , retrieved 31 January 2022 v t e US Air Force PAVE Electronics Systems PAVE Eagle PAVE Hawk Pave Knife PAVE Low PAVE Mint PAVE Mover PAVE Onyx PAVE Pace PAVE PAWS Pave Penny PAVE Pillar Pave Pronto PAVE Spectre Pave Spike PAVE Sword Pave Tack Paveway Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PAVE&oldid=1250762643 " Category : Equipment of

216-670: A modern Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite navigation receiver. A total of 31 HH-53Bs, HH-53Cs, and CH-53Cs were upgraded to the MH-53J configuration from 1986 through 1990, with all MH-53Hs upgraded as well, providing a total of 41 MH-53Js. The MH-53J Pave Low III helicopter was the largest, most powerful and technologically advanced transport helicopter in the US Air Force inventory. The terrain-following and terrain-avoidance radar , forward looking infrared sensor, inertial navigation system with Global Positioning System, along with

252-577: A new designation of MH-53H . The HH-53H proved itself and the Air Force decided to order more, coming up with an MH-53J Pave Low III Enhanced configuration. The general configuration of the MH-53J is similar to that of the HH-53J, the major change being fit of twin T64-GE-415 turboshafts with 4,380 shp (3,265 kW) each, as well as more armor, giving a total armor weight of 1,000 lb (450 kg). There were some avionics upgrades as well, including fit of

288-456: A new level of detection avoidance with near real-time threat broadcasts over-the-horizon , so crews can avoid and defeat threats, and replan en route if necessary. While waiting for delivery of the HH-53Bs, the Air Force obtained two Marine CH-53As for evaluation and training. The first of eight HH-53Bs performed its initial flight on 15 March 1967, and the type was performing CSAR missions with

324-733: A projected map display enable the crew to follow terrain contours and avoid obstacles, making low-level penetration possible. Under the Pave Low III program, the Air Force modified nine MH-53Hs and 32 HH-53s for night and adverse weather operations. Modifications included AN/AAQ-18 forward-looking infrared, inertial navigation system, global positioning system, Doppler navigation systems, APQ-158 terrain-following and terrain-avoidance radar, an on-board mission computer, enhanced navigation system, and integrated avionics to enable precise navigation to and from target areas. The Air Force designated these modified versions as MH-53J. The MH-53J's main mission

360-463: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . PAVE United States military electronic system program This article is about a military electronic system. For other uses, see Pave (disambiguation) . [REDACTED] An early Pave Sword laser pod on a F-4D during the Vietnam War , 1971. PAVE is a United States Air Force program identifier relating to electronic systems. Prior to 1979, Pave

396-471: Is a simple laser spot tracker that searches for reflected laser light from other laser designators (used by friendly air or ground forces) and displays that target information on the aircraft heads-up display (HUD). Unlike the laser ranger and marked target seeker systems common to European aircraft, or the more sophisticated ASQ-228 ATFLIR , TIALD , and LANTIRN designators, the Pave Penny does not contain

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432-409: Is an Air Force code name for a number of weapons systems using advanced electronics. The USAF's Super Jollies were essentially daylight / fair weather machines, and downed aircrew were often in trouble at night or in bad weather. A limited night / foul weather sensor system designated "Pave Low I" based on a low-light-level TV (LLLTV) imager was deployed to Southeast Asia in 1969 and combat-evaluated on

468-452: The V-22 Osprey . For other H-53 variants, see CH-53 Sea Stallion , CH-53E Super Stallion and CH-53K King Stallion . Data from USAF MH-53J/M, International Directory, Vectorsite General characteristics Performance Armament Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists The initial version of this article

504-753: The AN/ALQ-117 electronic warfare system to the AN/ALQ-172. Pave Mover – Demonstration program to develop the AN/APY-7 radar wide-area surveillance, ground moving target indicator (GMTI), fixed target indicator (FTI) target classification, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR), for the E-8 Joint STARS . Pave Onyx – Vietnam era Advanced Location Strike System c.1973. Pave Pace – A fully integrated avionics architecture featuring functional resource allocation. PAVE PAWS – The Phased-Array Warning System which replaced

540-525: The HH-53B earned it the nickname " Super Jolly Green Giant ". This name is a reference to the smaller HH-3E "Jolly Green Giant" , a stretched variant of the H-3 Sea King , used in the Vietnam War for combat search-and-rescue (CSAR) operations. The US Air Force regarded their Sikorsky S-61R/HH-3E "Jolly Green Giant" long-range CSAR helicopters favorably and was interested in the more capable S-65/CH-53A. In 1966,

576-623: The HH-53Cs, the Air Force obtained 20 CH-53C helicopters for more general transport work. The CH-53C was apparently very similar to the HH-53C, even retaining the rescue hoist, the most visible difference being that the CH-53C did not have an in-flight refueling probe. Since CH-53Cs were used for covert operations, they were armed and armored like HH-53Cs. A good number of Super Jollies were converted into Pave Low special-operations helicopters. PAVE or Pave

612-559: The Navy in Pensacola, reflecting the fact that the Navy handled high-level maintenance on Air Force S-65s. In 1986, the surviving HH-53Hs were given an upgrade under the CONSTANT GREEN program, featuring incremental improvements such as a cockpit with blue-green lighting compatible with night vision goggles (NVGs). They were then reclassified as "special operations" machines and accordingly given

648-553: The Skies: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Defense Radar Program (Report). Champaign, IL: U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories. LCCN   97020912 . Archived from the original on December 1, 2012 . Retrieved 2013-04-23 . Bibliography [ edit ] "Laser Guided Bombs" . Federation of American Scientists . Retrieved 24 May 2015 . - Contains

684-520: The USAF Aerospace Rescue & Recovery Service in Southeast Asia by the end of the year. The Air Force called the HH-53B the "Super Jolly". It was used for CSAR, covert combat operations, and "snagging" reentry capsules from photo - reconnaissance satellites . The Air Force lost 17 Super Jollies during the Southeast Asia conflict, with 14 lost in combat – including one that was shot down by

720-540: The USAF awarded a contract to Sikorsky for development of a CSAR variant of the CH-53A. The HH-53B , as it was designated, featured: Early HH-53Bs featured T64-GE-3 turboshafts with 3,080 shaft horsepower (2,297 kW) each, but these engines were later upgraded to T64-GE-7 turboshafts with 3,925 shaft horsepower (2,927 kW). Five crew were standard, including a pilot, copilot, crew chief, and two pararescuemen . The HH-53B

756-715: The United States Air Force Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Sikorsky MH-53 The Sikorsky MH-53 Pave Low series is a retired long-range special operations and combat search and rescue (CSAR) helicopter for the United States Air Force . The series was upgraded from the HH-53B/C, variants of the Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion . The HH-53 "Super Jolly Green Giant"

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792-528: The Vietnam War they were fitted with countermeasures pods to deal with heat-seeking missiles. As with the HH-53B, the HH-53C was also used for covert operations and snagging reentry capsules, as well as snagging reconnaissance drones. A few were assigned to support the Apollo space program, standing by to recover an Apollo capsule in case of a launchpad abort, though such an accident never happened. In addition to

828-697: The aftermath of the Operation Eagle Claw disaster. Two of the HH-53Hs were lost in training accidents in 1984, and so two CH-53Cs were brought up to HH-53H standard as replacements. Five MH-53Js of the 20th Special Operations Squadron deployed to Panama as part of Operation Just Cause in December 1989. During the operation, MH-53Js conducted missions including reconnaissance, small team insertion, medivac, logistics, and fire support. The MH-53's terrain-following and terrain-avoidance radar, along with GPS, enabled

864-819: The early 1970s. See also [ edit ] Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) LANTIRN References [ edit ] Notes [ edit ] ^ Engineering Panel on the PAVE PAWS Radar System (1979). Radiation Intensity of the PAVE PAWS Radar System (PDF) (Report). National Academy of Sciences. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 14, 2014 . Retrieved 2014-06-05 . ^ "Upgraded Early Warning Radar (UEWR)" . Federation of American Scientists . Retrieved 24 May 2015 . ^ Photographs / Written Historical and Descriptive Data: Cape Cod Air Station Technical Facility/Scanner Building and Power Plant (PDF) (Report). p. 2. Archived from

900-582: The helicopters to reach objectives other helicopters could not; in one case, an MH-53 used its precision navigation capability to lead a SEAL team on MH-6 Little Bird helicopters to their remote objective. 20th SOS crews flew 193 sorties during the operation, totaling 406.1 hours of flying time. The MH-53 Pave Low's last mission was on 27 September 2008, when the remaining six helicopters flew in support of special operations forces in Southwest Asia. These MH-53Ms were retired shortly thereafter and replaced with

936-527: The in-flight refueling probe, external fuel tanks, rescue hoist, and three-gun armament of the HH-53C; armament was typically a minigun on each side, and a Browning .50 in (12.7 mm) gun in the tail to provide more reach and a light anti-armor capability. The improvements featured by the HH-53H included: The FLIR and TFR were mounted on a distinctive "chin" mount. The HH-53H could be fitted with 27 seats for troops or 14 litters. The upgrades were performed by

972-490: The late 1980s. Super Jollies operating in front-line service were painted in various camouflage color schemes, while those in stateside rescue service were painted in an overall gray scheme with a yellow tailband. The first nine HH-53H Pave Lows became operational on 1 July 1980, and were transferred from the Military Airlift Command , where they were to have been CSAR assets, to the 1st Special Operations Wing in

1008-487: The original (PDF) on 2014-07-15 . Retrieved 2014-06-10 . ^ "The Acronym That Wasn't" . Aerofiles . Retrieved 24 May 2015 . ^ Smith, John Q.; Byrd, David A (1991). Forty Years of Research and Development at Griffis Air Force Base: June 1951 – June 1991 (Report). Rome Laboratory. p. 130. Archived from the original on April 8, 2013 . Retrieved 2014-03-10 . ^ Winkler, David F; Webster, Julie L (June 1997). Searching

1044-910: The three BMEWS radars. Pave in this case is a backronym for Perimeter or Precision Acquisition Vehicle Entry. Pave Penny – Lockheed-Martin AN/AAS-35(V) laser spot tracker. Pave Pillar – Generic core avionics architecture system for combat aircraft. Pave Pronto – Lockheed AC-130 Spectre gunship program. Pave Spectre – Lockheed AC-130E gunships. Pave Spike – Westinghouse AN/ASQ-153\AN/AVQ-23 electro-optical laser designator pod. Pave Sword – AN/AVQ-11 Pave Sword laser tracker. Pave Tack – Ford Aerospace AN/AVQ-26 electro-optical targeting pod. Used first on F-4 and then later on F-111 F model aircraft. Paveway – A family of laser-guided bomb conversion kits, to be fitted to standard unguided bombs. Pave COIN /Project Little Brother - A USAF program evaluating counter insurgency aircraft during

1080-458: Was adopted in its place. Other changes included more armor and a more comprehensive suite of radios to improve communications with C-130 tankers, attack aircraft supporting CSAR actions, and aircrews awaiting rescue on the ground. The HH-53C was otherwise much like the HH-53B, with the more powerful T64-GE-7 engines. A total of 44 HH-53Cs were built, with introduction to service in August 1968. Late in

1116-545: Was capable of a top speed of 165 mph (266 km/h) and had a ceiling of 16,000 feet (4,900 m). The MH-53M Pave Low IV was modified from the MH-53J configuration with the addition of Interactive Defensive Avionics System/Multi-Mission Advanced Tactical Terminal or IDAS/MATT. The system enhanced the defensive capabilities of the Pave Low. It provided instant access to the total battlefield situation, through near real-time Electronic Order of Battle updates. It also provided

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1152-436: Was essentially an interim type, with production quickly moving on to the modestly improved Air Force HH-53C CSAR variant. The most visible difference between the HH-53B and HH-53C was that the HH-53C dispensed with the fuel-tank bracing struts. Experience with the HH-53B showed that the original tank was too big, adversely affecting performance when they were fully fueled, and so a smaller 450 US gal (1,703 L) tank

1188-903: Was initially developed to replace the HH-3E "Jolly Green Giant" . The U.S. Air Force's MH-53J/M fleet was retired in September 2008. The US Air Force ordered 72 HH-53B and HH-53C variants for Search and Rescue units during the Vietnam War , and later developed the MH-53J Pave Low version for Special Operations missions. The Pave Low's mission was low-level, long-range, undetected penetration into denied areas, day or night, in adverse weather, for infiltration , exfiltration and resupply of special operations forces . Pave Lows often worked in conjunction with MC-130H Combat Talon for navigation, communications and combat support, and with MC-130P Combat Shadow for in-flight refueling. The large green airframe of

1224-1007: Was said to be a code word for the Air Force unit responsible for the project. Pave was used as an inconsequential prefix identifier for a wide range of different programs, though backronyms and alternative meanings have been used. For example, in the helicopters Pave Low and Pave Hawk it was said to mean Precision Avionics Vectoring Equipment , but in PAVE PAWS it was said to mean Precision Acquisition Vehicle Entry . PAVE systems [ edit ] Pave Eagle – Modified Beechcraft Bonanza drone aircraft for low altitude sensor monitoring. Pave Hawk – Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk special operations and combat search and rescue helicopter. Pave Nail - OV-10 Bronco with Pave Spot target laser designator pod. Pave Knife – Ford Aerospace AN/AVQ-10 Pave Knife early laser targeting pod. Pave Low – Sikorsky MH-53 Pave Low special ops and combat search and rescue helicopter. Pave Mint – Upgrade of

1260-465: Was to drop off, supply, and pick up special operations forces behind enemy lines. It also can engage in combat search and rescue missions. Low-level penetration was made possible by a state-of-the-art terrain following radar, as well as infrared sensors that allow the helicopter to operate in bad weather. It was equipped with armor plating. It could transport 38 troops at a time and sling up to 20,000 pounds (9,000 kg) of cargo with its external hook. It

1296-575: Was used by USAF A-7D Corsair II aircraft, fuselage-mounted beneath the engine intake, and the A-10 Thunderbolt II , mounted on an external pylon designed specifically for the pod. It was previously used by some F-16 aircraft, although most now use the LANTIRN system instead which permits self-designation. Some pods were also supplied to Singapore , where they were used on that nation's A-4SU Super Skyhawks . This United States military article

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