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22-482: Paulina Lake sits within the Newberry Crater, formed from over 500,000 years of volcanic activity. The lake bears the name of Paulina , a Snake Indian . Paulina Lake supports a number of recreational activities, including camping, hiking, fishing, kayaking, canoeing and paddle-boarding. A 10 mph speed limit on the lake prohibits motorized high speed watersports such as waterskiing and jet skis, which protects

44-536: A retaliatory attack led by settlers and Howard Maupin . Paulina’s last engagement took place at a cove later named Paulina Basin , located in northeastern Jefferson County near the town of Ashwood, Oregon . Maupin took credit for killing Paulina and nailed Paulina's scalp to the wall of his barn as a trophy. John Day River The John Day River is a tributary of the Columbia River , approximately 284 miles (457 km) long, in northeastern Oregon in

66-845: A short time. Captain John M. Drake led one of the first military campaigns into the area. Paulina defeated an army attack on his camp near Juniper Butte, and the conflicts increased. The Paiute threat was broken up into two bands led by Paulina, of the Walpapi band, and Weahwewa , of the Kidutokado band. In one particular incident, Paulina arranged peace talks with the Chief of the Wascos, Queapama . However, under that guise, Paulina had one of his braves murder Queapama. While predatory bands such as Paulina’s certainly profited from these attacks, they ultimately contributed to

88-783: Is joined from the east by the North Fork John Day River (which had already joined with the Middle Fork John Day River above Monument, Grant County, Oregon). The river then flows west across Wheeler County . At the county line with Jefferson County it flows north, past the Clarno Unit of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. As it approaches the Columbia River in north-central Oregon, it flows in an increasingly meandering course, forming

110-520: Is navigable by rafts and other small river craft by boaters who obtain permits provided by the Bureau of Land Management . Its lower course is used for irrigation of cropland and ranching. In 1988, the United States Congress designated 147.5 miles (237.4 km) of the river from Service Creek to Tumwater Falls as Wild and Scenic for its recreational opportunities. The segment of the river

132-616: The United States . It is known as the Mah-Hah River by the Cayuse people . Undammed along its entire length, the river is the fourth longest free-flowing river in the contiguous United States. There is extensive use of its waters for irrigation . Its course furnishes habitat for diverse species, including wild steelhead and Chinook salmon runs. However, the steelhead populations are under federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) protections, and

154-675: The Warm Springs Indians and white settlers occurred in April 1859 when Dr. Thomas Fitch led Native Americans from the Warm Springs Indian Reservation to attack a band of Paiutes in the valley of the John Day River . The party killed 10 Paiute warriors, capturing the women and children and the rest of the band. Among those captured were Paulina and Wahveveh, both of whom were later sent to Fort Dalles only to be imprisoned for

176-527: The Chinook salmon have been proposed for such protection. The river was named for John Day , a member of the Pacific Fur Company's overland expedition to the mouth of the Columbia River that left Missouri in 1810. Day struggled through eastern Oregon during the winter of 1811–12. While descending the Columbia River in April 1812, he and Ramsay Crooks were robbed and stripped naked by Native Americans at

198-767: The Columbia upstream from the Columbia River Gorge . It flows through exceptionally scenic canyons in its upper course, with several significant paleontological sites along its banks. Elevations within the watershed range from 268 feet (82 m) at the river's mouth to more than 9,000 feet (2,700 m) in the Strawberry Mountains . The main branch of the John Day River rises in the Strawberry Mountains in eastern Grant County . The North Fork heads on

220-605: The John Day when they saw the Paiutes. Paulina and his band spotted them and gave chase, but Clark managed to escape, and his brother-in-law hid in the river with only his nose out of the water for several hours undetected, although nearing hypothermia. Clark was able to gather a posse to try to salvage some of his stolen property. One year after Paulina left the Klamath Reservation on April 25, 1867, Clark shot and scalped Paulina in

242-878: The North Fork's source is located in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest . The main fork flows initially north, then west through the John Day Valley and through the cities of Prairie City , John Day and Mount Vernon . At Dayville , in western Grant County, it is joined from the south by the South Fork John Day River , then flows north through Picture Gorge and the Sheep Rock Unit of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument . At Kimberly in northwestern Grant County, it

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264-461: The boundary between Sherman County to the west and Gilliam County to the east. The John Day River joins the Columbia from the southeast approximately 16 miles (26 km) northeast of Biggs . The mouth of the river is on the narrow Lake Umatilla reservoir, formed on the Columbia by the John Day Dam , approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) downstream from the mouth of the John Day. The John Day

286-523: The climate of hostility that increased the level of violence and the death toll in the region. All the resident groups—settlers, native communities at Warm Springs and Umatilla, and the Northern Paiute—engaged in retaliatory actions that resulted in the deaths of dozens of people, including women and children. After U.S. Army forces captured Paiute hostages and held them prisoner at Ft. Klamath, including Paulina's sister, wife and son, Paulina and

308-515: The lake as a popular fishing destination. Once devoid of fish, the lake is now regularly stocked by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife , and is known for its large number of kokanee salmon and brown trout . Other fish found in the lake include rainbow trout , tui chub , and blue chub . The largest brown trout caught on record in the State of Oregon – a whopping 28 lb., 5 oz. fish –

330-515: The late 1850s and 1860s, Paulina led the Hunipuitoka band, a band of Northern Paiutes that violently resisted encroachment on their lands. The band refused to relocate to a Native American reservation and attacked settler communities traveling through or living on Paiute lands in central and eastern Oregon and the Klamath Basin . Paulina became the most notorious war leader in those raids. He

352-455: The mouth of the river that now bears his name, forcing them to hike 80 miles (130 km) back to friendly Umatilla Indians under extreme conditions. The absence of dams on the river causes its flow to greatly fluctuate throughout the year depending on snowpack and rainfall within the watershed. The highest flow recorded at a gauge on the lower John Day was 43,300 cubic feet per second (1,230 m /s) on January 2, 1997. The lowest flow

374-573: The other leaders of the Hunipuitöka Paiute agreed to sign a treaty in early 1865. To avoid starvation, Paulina and his group left the Klamath Reservation on April 22, 1866, in spite of the treaty agreement they considered unfair. When they left, Howluck contacted him looking for aid to exact revenge for the killing of his followers by California troops in the Guano Valley . On September 15, 1866, Paulina and his band of fourteen Paiutes attacked

396-515: The ranch of James N. Clark near the junction of Bridge Creek and the John Day River . The raiders burned the house, stables, 40 short tons (36,000 kg) of hay, 1,000 imperial bushels (36 kl) of oats and barley, and stole two horses and a cow, causing an estimated $ 6,494 of damage. Clark's wife was visiting her parents in the Willamette Valley at the time, but an unarmed Clark and his 18-year-old brother-in-law were collecting driftwood on

418-639: The western slope of the Elkhorn Mountains in northeastern Grant County. The Middle Fork rises near the crest of the Blue Mountains on the eastern edge of Grant County. The South Fork's source is in northern Harney County , about 10 miles (16 km) south of the Grant County line. The main, south and middle forks each have their heads in different parts of the Malheur National Forest , while

440-429: Was caught at Paulina in 2002, eclipsing previous records set at the same lake. [1] This Deschutes County , Oregon state location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Paulina (Paiute leader) Chief Paulina or Pahninee was a Northern Paiute war leader noted for his successful guerrilla tactics. He is known to have been active from 1859 until his death in 1867. During

462-509: Was known for the swiftness of his attacks and his ability to evade capture by both volunteer regiments and U.S. Army detachments under General George Crook . He led a small band (including his brother Wahveveh ) that raided and stole livestock and horses, causing fear within nearby communities. The band also attacked Indians living on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation . There has been some speculation that Paulina's hatred for

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484-592: Was no flow at all, which occurred on September 2, 1966; from August 15 to September 16, 1973; and on nine days in August 1977. The average flow at the gauge is 2,075 cubic feet per second (58.8 m /s). Through its tributaries, the river drains much of the western side of the Blue Mountains , flowing across the sparsely populated arid part of the state east of the Cascade Range in a northwest zigzag, then entering

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