Joseph Athanase Doumer , commonly known as Paul Doumer ( French pronunciation: [pɔl dumɛːʀ] ; 22 March 1857 – 7 May 1932), was a French politician who served as the President of France from June 1931 until his assassination in May 1932. He is described as "the Father of French Indochina," and was seen as one of the most active and effective governors general of Indochina.
41-685: Joseph Athanase Doumer was born in Aurillac , in the Cantal département , in France on 22 March 1857, into a family of modest means. Alumnus of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers , he became a professor of mathematics at Mende in 1877. In 1878 Doumer married Blanche Richel , whom he had met at college. They had eight children, four of whom were killed in the First World War (including
82-485: A Russian émigré. Two of the shots hit Doumer, at the base of the skull and in the right armpit, and he fell to the ground. Claude Farrère wrestled with the assassin before the police arrived. Doumer was rushed to the hospital in Paris, where he died at 04:37 on 7 May. He is the only French president to die of a gunshot wound (although president Sadi Carnot had been assassinated by being stabbed 38 years before). Gorguloff
123-525: A few achievements. He was well received when he travelled around France and when he inaugurated the 1889 exhibition celebrating the French Revolution, and he facilitated a rapprochement with Russia. His term in office bolstered the power and influence of the presidency. Marie François Sadi Carnot was the son of the statesman Hippolyte Carnot and was born in Limoges , Haute-Vienne. His third given name Sadi
164-630: A garrison town with the 139th Infantry Regiment, who are noted for their feats during the Battle of the Somme . They have a remarkable chronology and a cabinet of trophies were displayed in the Hall of Honour of the Departmental Military Delegation who have since moved, forgetting to preserve and safeguard this part of history. The military square is wide and airy and a feature of military architecture of
205-654: A painting in the Art and Archaeology Museum. When the National Stud moved the stables were transformed into an exhibition hall / gallery and a range of exhibitions is held every year including the Salon des Métiers d'Art d'Aurillac. Sadi Carnot (statesman) Marie François Sadi Carnot ( French: [maʁi fʁɑ̃swa sadi kaʁno] ; 11 August 1837 – 25 June 1894) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1887 until his assassination in 1894. His presidency
246-478: A period of alternating with Saint-Flour , Aurillac definitively became the capital of Cantal . The arrival of the railway in 1866 accelerated the development of the city. At the first census in 1759 there were 6,268 people in Aurillac, it now has about 28,000. Blazon: Gules, three escallops of Argent 2 and 1, in chief Azure, three fleurs-de-lis of Or. Blazon: Party per pale, Or and Vert,
287-515: A source of profitable investment by French businessmen. Doumer set about outfitting Indochina, especially Hanoi , the capital, with modern infrastructure befitting property of France. Tree-lined avenues and a large number of French colonial buildings were constructed in Hanoi during his governance. The Long Bien Bridge and the Grand Palais in Hanoi were among large-scale projects built during his term;
328-540: A very large number of items which are registered as historical objects in various locations. Some of the most interesting sites are: The commune has several religious buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments: Aurillac has several dance centres: In 2011 Aurillac hosted the start of the Tour de France in the 10th stage. Two military units are garrisoned in Aurillac: Aurillac has long been
369-502: The Chamber of Deputies (a post equivalent to the speaker of the House of Commons). In 1888, Doumer was elected Radical deputy for the department of Aisne . Defeated in the general elections of September 1889, he was elected again in 1890 by the arrondissement of Auxerre . He was briefly Minister of Finance of France (1895–1896) when he tried without success to introduce an income tax. Doumer
410-588: The Order of St Andrew from Alexander III . President Carnot was reaching the zenith of his popularity, when, on 24 June 1894, after delivering a public banquet speech in Lyon at the Palais du Commerce , in which he appeared to imply that he would not seek re-election, he was stabbed on the Rue de la République by an Italian anarchist named Sante Geronimo Caserio . Carnot, transported to
451-661: The Couderc distillery with its famous gentian liqueur and famous establishments such as the Leroux and Bonal cheese factories, the Morin refinery, MAS charcuteries , Teil cured by the Altitude group, refrigerated transport operator Olano Ladoux etc.). Aurillac is best known for its Cheese centre based on the heights of Aurillac close to the Chateau Saint-Étienne. It was established in 1993,
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#1732845558623492-582: The French Senate from 1927 until the 1931 presidential election . He was elected President of the French Republic on 13 May 1931, defeating the better known Aristide Briand , and replacing Gaston Doumergue . On 6 May 1932, Paul Doumer was in Paris at the opening of a book fair at the Hôtel Salomon de Rothschild , talking to author Claude Farrère . Suddenly several shots were fired by Paul Gorguloff ,
533-495: The French air ace René Doumer ). From 1879 until 1883 Doumer was professor at Remiremont , before leaving on health grounds. He then became chief editor of Courrier de l'Aisne , a French regional newspaper. Initiated into Freemasonry in 1879, at "L'Union Fraternelle" lodge, he became Grand Secretary of Grand Orient de France in 1892. He made his debut in politics in 1885 as chef de cabinet to Charles Floquet , then president of
574-639: The abbey declined with its secularization and its implementation of orders. In 1569 the city was delivered by treason to the Protestants : people were tortured and held to ransom and the Abbey was sacked. The library and archives were all burned. Before the French Revolution Aurillac had a Présidial and carried the title of capital of the Haute-Auvergne . In 1790 on the creation of departments, after
615-524: The body while he lay in state at the Élysée . As an author he is known by his L'Indo-Chine française (1904), and Le Livre de mes fils (1906). Aurillac Aurillac ( French pronunciation: [oʁijak] ; Occitan : Orlhac [uɾˈʎak] ) is the prefecture of the Cantal department , in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France . Aurillac is at 600 m (2,000 ft) above sea level and located at
656-579: The border engrailed of one on the other. Aurillac is the capital of the department of Cantal (seat of the prefecture ) and of the Arrondissement of Aurillac as well as for three cantons (INSEE names): List of Successive Mayors Aurillac has twinning associations with: The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aurillacois or Aurillacoises in French. Aurillac has hundreds of boutiques, shops, and artisans. Also found in Aurillac are different players in various food fields (e.g.
697-544: The bridge was originally named after him. The palace was destroyed by airstrikes toward the end of World War II. The bridge survived, and became a well-known landmark and target for US pilots during the Vietnam War . With a view to annexing south Yunnan to French Indochina, Doumer successfully lobbied the French government to approve construction of the Indochina-Yunnan railway in 1898. After returning to France, Doumer
738-732: The commune is by numerous roads including the D922 from Naucelles in the north, the D17 from Saint-Simon in the north-east, Route nationale N122 from Polminhac in the east which continues to Sansac-de-Marmiesse in the south-west, the D920 to Arpajon-sur-Cère in the south-east, and the D18 to Ytrac in the west. Aurillac station , in the centre of town, lies on the Figeac -Arvant railway. It has rail connections to Clermont-Ferrand, Brive-la-Gaillarde and Toulouse. About 50% of
779-685: The commune is urbanised with farmland to the east and west of the urban area. Aurillac – Tronquières Airport is located in the south of the commune with its runway extending beyond the commune boundary. It is connected to Paris by two daily flights by the Air France subsidiary HOP! . The commune was awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom. The Jordanne river flows through
820-620: The foot of the Cantal mountains in a small sedimentary basin . The city is built on the banks of the Jordanne, a tributary of the Cère . It is 558 km (347 mi) south of Paris and 223 km (139 mi) north of Toulouse . Aurillac was part of a former Auvergne province called Haute-Auvergne and is only 20 km (12 mi) away from the heart of the Auvergne Volcano Park. Access to
861-529: The formation and dissolution of ephemeral ministries, by socialist outbreaks, and the beginnings of anti-Semitism , Carnot had only one serious crisis to surmount, the Panama scandals of 1892, which, if they greatly damaged the prestige of the state, increased the respect felt for its head, against whose integrity none could breathe a word. Carnot was in favour of the Franco-Russian Alliance and received
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#1732845558623902-450: The former oppidum and the old Gallo-Roman city where the Chateau of Saint-Étienne is today. The history of the city is really only known from 856, the year of the birth of Count Gerald of Aurillac at the castle where his father, also named Gerald, was lord. In 885 he founded a Benedictine monastery which later bore his name. It was in this monastery that Gerbert, the first French pope under
943-596: The great clock that adorns this building. It is also commonly called the House of unions and associations . Originally these buildings were the former Convent of the Visitation, built in 1682. The Convent was converted into a barracks for infantry in 1792 and occupied half of the buildings until 1922, hence the transformation of buildings to equestrian use. Today the Pierre-Mendès-France Cultural Centre occupies
984-495: The heart of the commune from north to south where it joins the Cère just south of the commune. Influenced by its altitude, Aurillac features an oceanic climate (Cfb), closely bordering on a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) under the Köppen system . In spite of this, the city enjoys more than 2,100 hours of sunshine per year on average, but also a high amount of precipitations per year on average. The record low temperature
1025-522: The military modernizer and member of the Directory of the French Revolution . He was educated as a civil engineer and was a highly distinguished student at both the École Polytechnique and the École des Ponts et Chaussées . After his academic course, he obtained an appointment in the public service. His hereditary republicanism caused the government of national defence to entrust him in 1870 with
1066-704: The minister of public works. He became minister in September 1880 and again in April 1885, moving almost immediately to the ministry of finance , which post he held under both the Ferry and the Freycinet administrations until December 1886. When the Daniel Wilson scandals occasioned the downfall of Jules Grévy in December 1887, Carnot's reputation for integrity made him a candidate for
1107-453: The name of Sylvester II , studied. The city was made in a Sauveté area which was located between four crosses and was founded in 898 by Gerald shortly after the abbey. The first urban area was circular and built close to the Abbey of Aurillac . Gerald died around 910 but his influence was such that over the centuries Gerald was always a baptismal name prevalent in the population of Aurillac and
1148-514: The original site of the city was on the heights overlooking the current city at Saint-Jean-de-Dône ("Dône" from dunum ) and, like most oppida , it was abandoned after the Roman conquest in favour of a new city established on the plain. With the return of instability in the Lower Roman Empire there was a movement towards Encastellation and a new fortified site was established in mid-slope between
1189-516: The premises including the Museum of Art and Archaeology, the County Conservatory of Music and Dance, the youth service activities of the town of Aurillac, and a crèche for children. The Stables were then used by the national stud established by Napoleon in 1806; a depot of stallions was created in Aurillac. At the Battle of Austerlitz Napoleon rode Cantal , a speckled gray horse which is visible in
1230-479: The presidency and the republic. When, early in 1889, Boulanger was finally driven into exile, it fell to Carnot to appear as head of the state on two occasions of special interest, the celebration of the centenary of the French Revolution in 1889 and the opening of the Paris Exhibition of the same year. The success of both was regarded as a popular ratification of the republic, and though continually harassed by
1271-405: The presidency, and he obtained the support of Georges Clemenceau and many others, so that he was elected by 616 votes out of 827. He assumed office at a critical period, when the republic was all but openly attacked by General Boulanger . Carnot's ostensible part during this agitation was confined to augmenting his popularity by well-timed appearances on public occasions, which gained credit for
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1312-463: The structure consists of an association bringing together many organisations to develop scientific programs. It develops scientific programs relating to the cheese sector. Aurillac hosts several websites: Aurillac has also been the headquarters of the ERP vendor Qualiac since 1979. The commune has a very large number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments. There are also
1353-519: The surrounding area. It was in the 13th century that municipal conflict began between consuls and abbots. After taking the Chateau of Saint-Étienne in 1255 and two negotiated agreements called the Peace of Aurillac, relations were normalised. In the 13th and 14th centuries Aurillac withstood several sieges by the English and in the 16th century continued to suffer from civil and religious wars. The influence of
1394-626: The task of organizing resistance in the départements of the Eure , Calvados and Seine-Inférieure , and he was made prefect of Seine-Inférieure in January 1871. In the following month he was elected to the French National Assembly by the département Côte-d'Or . He joined the Opportunist Republican parliamentary group, Gauche républicaine . In August 1878 he was appointed secretary to
1435-466: The time. It is now known as the Zone of Peace and is now converted into a parking lot leaving a clear view of the 3 buildings that surround it. The entrance to the barracks was destroyed and replaced by a modern building. It houses administrative services, treasury, CABA, Mortgages, Cadastre etc. In the 1950s the old military buildings became the "Cité Administrative". The clock building is called so because of
1476-431: Was Governor-General of French Indochina from 1897 to 1902. Upon his arrival the colonies were losing millions of francs annually. Determined to put them on a paying basis, he levied taxes on opium , wine and the salt trade. The Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians who could not or would not pay these taxes, lost their houses and land, and often became day laborers. He established Indochina as a market for French products and
1517-463: Was elected by Laon to the Chamber of Deputies as a Radical . He refused to support the ministry of Émile Combes , and formed a Radical dissident group, which grew in strength and eventually caused the fall of the ministry. He then served as President of the Chamber from 1902 to 1905. Doumer became Minister of Finance of France again in 1925 when Louis Loucheur resigned. He then served as President of
1558-455: Was in honour of his uncle Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot , the engineer who formulated the second law of thermodynamics and is generally regarded as the founder of the subject, who in turn was named after the Persian poet Sadi of Shiraz . Like his uncle, Marie François came to be known as Sadi Carnot. In his scientific-mindedness and Republican leanings, he resembled his grandfather, Lazare Carnot ,
1599-497: Was indicted for murder and executed by the guillotine four months later, after a swift trial. André Maurois was an eyewitness to the assassination, having come to the book fair to autograph copies of his book. He later described the scene in his autobiography, Call No Man Happy . As Maurois notes, because the President was assassinated at a meeting of writers, it was decided that writers - Maurois among them - should stand guard over
1640-712: Was marked by a series of poorly handled crises. General Boulanger 's rapid rise and failed attempt to march on the Élysée in 1889 posed the first serious threat to the Republic during Carnot's term. Then came a series of ministerial crises, financial scandals, labour turmoil, anarchist violence, and finally Carnot's own assassination in 1894. The Panama scandals , involving bribes to parliamentarians, resulted in major financial losses and deeply embarrassed those involved. The extreme right-wing newspaper La Libre Parole , run by anti-Semitic publicist Édouard Drumont , escalated intolerance towards Third Republic politics. Carnot presided over
1681-509: Was −24.5 °C (−12 °F) on 9 January 1985 and the record high was 38.0 °C (100 °F) on 30 July 1983. The origin of the name Aurillac is from Aureliacum meaning "Villa of Aurelius" and dates back to the Gallo-Roman era. It is attested in the polygonal Fanum d'Aron which was built in the 1st century and discovered in 1977 at Lescudillier. It is thought that in the Gallic era