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24-573: The street came into being with the creation of the Landwehr Canal , a parallel channel to the Spree river dug in 1845–1850. It was named Kottbusser Ufer until 1946 when it was named after Paul Lincke , the composer of operettas and songs such as " The Glow-Worm " and of the unofficial anthem of the city, " Berliner Luft ". The street was part of the American Sector of West Berlin . It became part of

48-669: A listed building from 1929, a former electricity substation designed by architect Hans Heinrich Müller . Due to the combination of Industrial and Gothic elements, the building became known as the "Cathedral of Electricity". The Bernstein piano factory lies just behind the Paul-Lincke-Ufer. The current postcode is 10999, though it used to be SO36 , which is also the name of a club in the area. 52°29′37.16″N 13°25′45.72″E  /  52.4936556°N 13.4293667°E  / 52.4936556; 13.4293667 Landwehr Canal The Landwehr Canal ( German : Landwehrkanal ),

72-648: Is a 10.7-kilometre-long (6.6 mi) canal parallel to the Spree river in Berlin , Germany , built between 1845 and 1850 to plans by Peter Joseph Lenné . It connects the upper part of the Spree at the eastern harbour ( Osthafen ) in Friedrichshain with its lower part in Charlottenburg , flowing through Kreuzberg and Tiergarten . Lenné designed a canal with sloped walls, an average width of 20 m (66 ft) at

96-470: Is a locality within the borough of Mitte , in central Berlin ( Germany ). Notable for the great and homonymous urban park , before German reunification , it was a part of West Berlin . Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform , Tiergarten was also the name of a borough (Bezirk), consisting of the current locality ( Ortsteil ) of Tiergarten (formerly called Tiergarten-Süd ) plus Hansaviertel and Moabit . A new system of road and rail tunnels runs under

120-651: Is bridged by the Berlin Stadtbahn . This historic elevated railway carries S-Bahn , Regional-Express and InterCity trains. The Landwehr Canal rejoins the Spree River in Charlottenburg , immediately opposite the entrance to the Charlottenburg Canal at a waterways crossroad known as Spreekreuz . After Rosa Luxemburg was executed on 15 January 1919, her body was dumped into the Landwehr Canal, where it

144-608: The 20 July plot were shot by a firing squad. Today the building serves as second office of Germany's Federal Ministry of Defense ; the headquarters of the Christian Democratic Party , the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and Friedrich Ebert Foundation academies as well as the Bauhaus Archive and the high schools Französisches Gymnasium and Canisius-Kolleg are located nearby. The adjacent western area at

168-697: The Potsdamer Platz are situated on the eastern rim of the locality, which itself was the former frontier between East and West Berlin. Nearby is the Kulturforum stretching from the Berliner Philharmonie , a 1963 concert hall by architect Hans Scharoun and home of the Berlin Philharmonic orchestra to the Neue Nationalgalerie built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in 1968. In between are

192-622: The Reichstag building by architect Paul Wallot opened as the seat of the German parliament. The lawn between the contemporary Haus der Kulturen der Welt (House of World Cultures) and the Reichstag building was the site of the Krolloper opera house, built in 1844, which served as parliament house after the Reichstag fire on 27 February 1933 and was demolished by air raids in 1943. On 15 January 1919

216-640: The neoclassical Saint Matthew Church, built in 1845 by Friedrich August Stüler , the Gemäldegalerie as well as the new branch of the Berlin State Library ( Staatsbibliothek ). The adjacent area between the park and the Landwehrkanal is home to Emil Fahrenkamp 's 1932 Shell-Haus , numerous embassies and the Bendlerblock , where in 1944 Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg and the conspirators of

240-730: The Brandenburg Gate. The Tiergarten itself became part of the British sector . The locality houses many parliamentary and governmental institutions, among others the Bundestag in the Reichstag building and the new German Chancellery . The residence of the German President , Schloss Bellevue and the Carillon are also located in the Tiergarten park. It contains several notable sculptures including

264-640: The Nazis was dedicated in 2014 in Berlin at that site. Although the villa was destroyed, a Stolperstein set in the pavement on Tiergartenstraße marks its location and historic significance. After 1944, the park was largely deforested because it served as a source of firewood for the devastated city. In 1945, the Soviet Union built a war memorial along the Straße des 17. Juni , the Tiergarten's main east–west artery, near

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288-601: The Spree River. Although this has since been filled and partially converted to a public garden, its route can still be traced by the parallel flanking streets with their distinctive damm suffixes. Further west in Kreuzberg, the canal is paralleled for about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) by the U1 line of the Berlin U-Bahn , which runs here as an elevated railway . After passing the elevated Möckernbrücke and Hallesches Tor stations,

312-477: The U-bahn tunnels for their advance, German military engineers, apparently acting on Hitler's direct orders, blew up retaining walls by a railway tunnel adjoining the canal, drowning many civilians and evacuated army casualties (in hospital trains) who were given refuge in the tunnels. On 8 June 1962, a party of fourteen East German refugees commandeered the river steamer Friedrich Wolff , erected steel plates around

336-575: The U1 crosses the canal on a high level bridge that also spans the railway bridge that once gave access to the, now demolished, Anhalter Bahnhof . Shortly after that, the elevated U2 line crosses the canal. After entering Tiergarten , the canal flows between the Großer Tiergarten Park and the Berlin Zoological Garden . Here the canal passes through the lower lock ( Unterschleuse ) and

360-637: The border to Charlottenburg houses the Berlin Zoo . The 1985 album Le Parc by Tangerine Dream contains a track titled Tiergarten . Rufus Wainwright also released a track titled Tiergarten as part of his 2007 album, Release the Stars . Since 1987, the annual Berlin Marathon starts at Tiergarten near the Brandenburg Gate. Between 1996 and 2003 and then in 2006, the Love Parade music festival took place at

384-636: The four-tiered Victory Column ( Siegessäule ), the Bismarck Memorial and several other memorials to prominent Prussian generals, all of which were located in the ceremonial park facing the Reichstag before they were moved to their present location by the Nazis . In addition, the tree-lined pedestrian avenues emanating from the Victory Column contain several ceremonial sculptures of Prussian aristocrats enacting an 18th-century hunt. The Brandenburg Gate and

408-402: The most important Turkish community in Berlin. Nearly all the buildings on the bank survived the destruction of World War II and therefore represent an important architectural monument to early 20th-century architecture of Berlin. Notable people associated with the canal include Rosa Luxemburg , who was murdered and thrown into the canal. Notable buildings include at Paul-Linke-Ufer 20-22,

432-645: The park towards Berlin's main station in nearby Moabit. Once a hunting ground of the Electors of Brandenburg the Großer Tiergarten park of today was designed in the 1830s by landscape architect Peter Joseph Lenné . In the course of industrialization in the 19th century, a network of streets was laid out in the Hobrecht-Plan in an area that came to be known architecturally as the Wilhelmine Ring . In 1894

456-443: The socialist Karl Liebknecht was shot by Freikorps soldiers within the park near the lake Neuer See . The corpse of Rosa Luxemburg , murdered on the same day, was found in the nearby Landwehrkanal on 1 June 1919. The first Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sex Research) of Magnus Hirschfeld was situated at the former In den Zelten street, near the contemporary Haus der Kulturen der Welt , from 1919 until it

480-429: The surface and locks near both ends to control the water depth. In the course of two enlargements (1883–1890 and 1936–1941), it reached a breadth of 22 m (72 ft) and a depth of 2 m (6.6 ft). Today the waterway is mainly used by tourist boats and pleasure craft. The Landwehr Canal leaves the Spree River in the eastern harbour in Friedrichshain , east of the city centre. It immediately descends through

504-581: The upper lock ( Schleusenufer ) and heads in a straight line south west to its junction with the Neukölln Ship Canal , which provides a connection to the Teltow Canal . Here the Landwehr Canal turns north west through Kreuzberg , along the Paul-Lincke-Ufer . In Kreuzberg the canal passes the entrance to the former Luisenstadt Canal that, between 1852 and 1926, provided a further connection to

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528-610: The wheelhouse and sailed from the Spree into the Landwehr Canal. An East German patrol boat intercepted them and opened fire, but West German police returned fire and all landed safely on the canal bank, in the West. 52°29′52″N 13°23′33″E  /  52.49778°N 13.39250°E  / 52.49778; 13.39250 Tiergarten, Berlin Tiergarten ( German: [ˈtiːɐ̯ˌɡaʁtn̩] , literally Animal Garden , historically meaning deer park or hunting game park )

552-407: Was closed by the Nazis in 1933. A site next to the Tiergarten park is the former location of a villa at Tiergartenstrasse 4 where more than 60 Nazi bureaucrats and doctors worked in secret under the " T4 " program to organize the mass murder of sanatorium and psychiatric hospital patients deemed unworthy to live. The German national memorial to the people with disabilities systematically murdered by

576-581: Was not found until 1 June 1919. A memorial marks the site. In 1920, Anna "Anastasia" Anderson (Franziska Schanzkowska) attempted suicide by jumping into the water. In 1932, the initial construction of the Shell-Haus overlooking the canal was completed. On 27 April 1945, the Red Army was closing in on the German Army's final defensive stronghold in the Tiergarten district of Berlin. As some Soviet troops were using

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