Pasodoble ( Spanish : double step ) is a fast-paced Spanish military march used by infantry troops. Its speed allowed troops to give 120 steps per minute (double the average of a regular unit, hence its name). This military march gave rise recently to a modern Spanish dance, a musical genre including both voice and instruments, and a genre of instrumental music often played during bullfight . Both the dance and the non-martial compositions are also called pasodoble.
94-487: All pasodobles have binary rhythm . Its musical structure consists of an introduction based on the dominant chord of the piece, followed by a first fragment based on the main tone and a second part, called "the trío", based on the sub-dominant note, based yet again on the dominant chord. Each change is preceded by a brieph. The last segment of the pasodoble is usually "the trío" strongly played. The different types of pasodoble – popular, taurino, militar – can vary in rhythm, with
188-649: A nationality of Spain, and in accordance to the second article of the Spanish Constitution which grants autonomy to the " nationalities and regions " that compose the Spanish nation, Valencia was granted self-government and constituted itself as an autonomous community in 1982, with the promulgation of its first Statute of Autonomy , the basic organic law, later approved by the General Courts of Spain. All autonomous communities were organized politically within
282-780: A flash flood . Especially in northern and western Spain ( Catalonia , Valencian Community , and other places), parades associated with Corpus Christi celebrations may feature gigantic costumed Moors and Christians, also commemorating the Reconquest. Other noteworthy Moors and Christians festivals are celebrated in the towns of Bocairent (a Medieval town, 1–5 February), Banyeres de Mariola (22-25 April), Villena with approximately 12,000 participants (most crowded festival), Almoradí (early August), Biar , Cocentaina , Crevillent , El Campello , Elche , Elda , Muro d'Alcoi , Oliva , Ontinyent (late August), Orihuela , Petrel , Sax , Novelda , Monforte del Cid , and some districts of
376-512: A parliamentary system ; that is, the executive branch of government. The "President" is dependent on the direct support of the legislative power , whose members elect him by majority . A new Statute of Autonomy was promulgated in 2006. The government of Valencia is represented by the Generalitat Valenciana (statutorily referred to simply as La Generalitat ) constituted by three institutions: The Generalitat can also be integrated by
470-453: A Humacao (Miguel López), Sol andaluz (Manuel Peña Vázquez). Pasodoble is not as popular in Colombia as in other countries, but the Colombia pasodoble, "Feria de Manizales", is an emblematic piece. It was composed in 1957, with lyrics by Guillermo González Ospina and music by Juan Mari Asins inspired by the Spanish classic " España cañí ". This pasodoble is based on the development of a parade and
564-575: A Moro prince and a Christian princess and vice versa, and a conclusion which usually depicts the Muslim converting into Christianity, the Muslim dying, or the appearance of the Virgin Mary or a saint as the intervention figure of the conflict. The komedya usually begins with a loa , followed by a parada . Usually, the main part of the story begins with a Muslim embahador delivering a challenge to an equally-boastful Christian. The street drama became popular in
658-504: A bullfighting ring. This pasodoble may or may not have lyrics, but it often adapts other styles of pasodoble and just changes the dancing to make it more spectacular for the public – often tourists. Essentially, this pasodoble dance involves role-playing. This two-person dance form has the man performing as the bullfighter and the woman as the cape. It is known as one of the fastest Latin ballroom dances because dancers make around 120 to 130 beats/steps per minute. Flamenco -like qualities infuse
752-399: A dance with every single "Queen of the city" of Manizales, and it lasts one week. Many pasodoble songs are variations of España cañí . The song has breaks or "highlights" in fixed positions in the song (two highlights at syllabus levels, three highlights and a longer song at open levels). Highlights emphasize music and are more powerful than other parts of the music. Usually, dancers strike
846-770: A definite end with the Expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609 by the Hispanic Monarchy, which represented the loss of up to one third of the population of the Kingdom of Valencia and took the main agricultural labor force away. In 1707, in the context of the War of the Spanish Succession , and by means of the Nova Planta decrees, king Philip V of Spain abolished the Kingdom of Valencia, and
940-448: A dramatic pose and then hold position until the end of the highlight. Traditionally, pasodoble routines are choreographed to match these highlights, as well as the musical phrases . Accordingly, most ballroom pasodoble tunes are written with similar highlights (those without are simply avoided in competition). Because of its heavily choreographed tradition, ballroom pasodoble is danced mostly competitively, almost never socially, or without
1034-509: A lot of gunpowder with firing salutes from the arquebus in dramatized battles. The festivals last for several days, and feature festive parades with bombastic costumes loosely inspired by Medieval fashion. Christians wear fur , metallic helmets, and armor , fire loud arquebuses , and ride horses . In contrast, Moors wear ancient Arab costumes, carry scimitars , and ride real camels or elephants . The festival develops among shots of gunpowder , medieval music, and fireworks , and ends with
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#17329316633861128-402: A march form. Famous musicologist José Subirá considers that the origin of the style was a combination of military marches and light music from Spanish popular theatre, that gradually permeated the "entremeses" of more respectable plays. Famous bullfighters have been honored with pasodoble tunes named for them. Other tunes have been inspired by patriotic motifs or local characters. The pasodoble
1222-535: A parade of stars in colorful costumes: Christians wear blue costumes, while Moors wear fully ornamented red costumes. Mexico , Guatemala , Peru and Colombia also have festivals featuring Moors and Christians reenactments (the Mexican term is morisma ). A significant amount of incidental music has been composed and still is composed annually for these parades. It is known as música festera and comes from military band marches. There are currently three main genres:
1316-727: A part of the Subbaetic Range . The most emblematic mountain of the Valencian Community is the Penyagolosa , in the Alcalatén area. It is widely thought to be the highest peak with 1,813 m, but actually the highest peak is the Calderón (1,839 m) located in the Rincón de Ademuz , a Valencian exclave between Aragon and Castilla–La Mancha . The most emblematic mountain in the southern part of
1410-431: A precise study of demographic states and processes. Valencian population traditionally concentrated in localities with fertile cultivation and growing lowlands by the most important rivers ( Júcar or Xúquer , Turia or Túria , Segura , and Vinalopó ), also in harbour cities important to the agricultural trade. In actuality, population is particularly dense along the coast as well as in central and southern regions of
1504-502: A previously learned routine. That said, in Spain , France , Vietnam , Colombia , Costa Rica and some parts of Germany , it is danced socially as a led (unchoreographed) dance. In Venezuela , pasodoble is almost a must-have dance in weddings and big parties. It became especially famous thanks to the hit song "Guitarra Española" by Los Melódicos . This dance gained popularity in the US in 1930. It
1598-454: A very considerable population increase, even greater during the summer season, mainly due to the seasonal migrations of the tourism industry workforce. The main metropolitan areas of the Valencian Community according to their population are three, plus a fourth one shared with the Region of Murcia . The most populous one is the metropolitan area of Valencia , which is located in the central area of
1692-472: Is intended to be the modern conception of self-government of the Valencian Community from the first autonomist movements during Second Spanish Republic , but also joining it to the traditional conception of Valencian identity, as being the successor to the historical Kingdom of Valencia. In fact, after a bipartisan reform of the Valencian Statute of Autonomy in 2006, it records the foral civil law , using
1786-414: Is made up of the municipalities of Castellón de la Plana , Almassora , Villarreal , Benicàssim , Borriol and Burriana or Borriana, and has 309,420 inhabitants (INE 2008) and an area of 340 km²; Castellón de la Plana is the main centre and most populous municipality of this metropolitan area. The Murcia - Orihuela metropolitan area includes the urban area of Orihuela in the Valencian Community, plus
1880-475: Is managed through occasional nocturnal restrictions during summer and exploitation of aquifers. Valencia's water needs result in harsh contention with neighbouring autonomous communities such as Castilla–La Mancha and Catalonia. Agriculture—more specifically, citrus cultivation for the export market—was responsible for Valencia's first economic boom in the late 19th century, after centuries of slow development and even decay. Although in absolute terms
1974-520: Is more diversified with a higher presence of vegetables , especially in the Vega Baja del Segura area. Though the low insulation rate and overall stable weather during the summer may pose a threat to water supplies for agriculture and human consumption, conversely this climate allows tourism to be the province's main industry. Very dense residential housing along the coast, occupied by locals, people from inland Spain and from other EU countries (mostly from
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#17329316633862068-678: Is the common name of the street drama today. The street drama itself, however, did not draw from actual Christian-Muslim conflict in the Philippines. The main precursor of its popularity in the Philippines was the indigenous awit and corrido traditions in Philippine native cultures. When performing, the representations for the Christians are in blue, while the representations for Muslims are in red or maroon. The street drama includes pasa dobles tune marches, rigodon in battles, courtships between
2162-670: Is the third largest city and metropolitan area in Spain. It is located along the Mediterranean coast on the east side of the Iberian Peninsula . It borders Catalonia to the north, Aragon and Castilla–La Mancha to the west, and Murcia to the south, and the Balearic Islands are to its east. The Valencian Community is divided into three provinces : Castellón , Valencia and Alicante . According to Valencia's Statute of Autonomy ,
2256-437: Is the town in the Valencian Community with the smallest number of inhabitants. The study of the demographic evolution of the Valencian Community can be divided into two clearly differentiated periods, which belong to two different moments of the demographic transition: the old demographic cycle or regime (until the 18th century), characterized by high mortality and high birth rates, and the modern demographic regime or cycle (from
2350-483: Is very unevenly distributed: it is concentrated on the coastal strip and has an average population density of 224.3 inhabitants/km². The community has shown strong demographic growth from the 1960s until 2023, when it reaches its maximum; 17.03% of its population is of foreign nationality (INE 2023). Despite the high population rate, there are 24 municipalities, most of them in the province of Castellón, that have less than 100 inhabitants. Castell de Cabres with 19 inhabitants
2444-579: Is well-known and used today for dance competitions. During the early 20th century, the pasodoble became part of the repertoire of Italian American musicians in San Francisco playing in the ballo liscio style. Four pasodobles were collected by Sidney Robertson Cowell for the WPA California Folk Music Project in 1939 by Mexican American wedding party band on mandolin , guitar , and violin . Also called "military pasodoble", it
2538-469: Is why it survived as annual celebrations. The historical element is added by taking advantage of these festivities for the representation and exhibition of Moors and Christians comedies, normally with a moralistic or religious didactic character. It is from the beginning of the 19th century when the first texts of Las Embajadas (the Embassies) appear, which require the need for two sides facing each other for
2632-538: The Comité Econòmic i Social (Social and Economic Committee). Prior to the 1833 territorial division of Spain Valencia was divided into four administrative provinces of Spain : Alicante , Castellón , Valencia and Xàtiva . From 1833, the current three-province system was consolidated: The Valencian Community is further divided into 34 comarques (including the city of Valencia) and 542 municipalities (141 in
2726-804: The Fall of the Western Roman Empire , during the Barbarian Invasions in the 5th century AD, the region was first invaded by the Alans and finally ruled by the Visigoths (see Valencian Gothic ), until the arrival of the Arabs in 711, which left a broad impact in the region, still visible in today's Valencian landscape and culture. After the fall of the Caliphate of Cordova , two main independent taifas were established at
2820-652: The House of Bourbon , a new Kingdom of Spain was formed implementing a more centralized government and absolutist regime than the former Habsburg Spain . The first attempt to gain self-government , or autonomous government, for the Valencian Community in modern-day Spain was during the Second Spanish Republic , in 1936, but the Civil War broke out and the autonomist project was suspended. In 1977, after Franco 's dictatorship Valencia started to be partially autonomous with
2914-649: The IDSF classification. Dancers of lower than D-class usually perform only four official dances of the Latin-American Program, that excludes pasodoble. Moros y cristianos Moros y Cristianos ( Spanish: [ˈmoɾos i kɾisˈtjanos] ) or Moros i Cristians ( Valencian: [ˈmɔɾoz i kɾistiˈans] ), literally in English Moors and Christians , is a set of festival activities which are celebrated in many towns and cities of Spain , mainly in
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3008-519: The National Commission for Culture and the Arts , the cultural agency of the government. On July 5, 1637, Jesuit priest F. Hironimo Perez finished the first Moro y Cristianos play in the Philippines. The first drama was played in a church, and was presented to the governor-general for a victory play against Muslims in the south . Afterwards, the play became known in the common tongue as moro-moro , which
3102-496: The Romans under the name of Valentia Edetanorum , or simply Valentia , which translates to "strength" or "valour", in full "strength of the Edetani " (the centre of Edetania was Edeta , an important old Iberian settlement 25 km north of Valencia, in what is now modern day Llíria , other important nearby settlements included Arse–Saguntum , Saetabis and Dianium ). With
3196-664: The Segura in the province of Alicante, whose source is in Andalusia , and the Júcar (or Xúquer ) in the province of Valencia, whose source is in Castilla–La Mancha . Both are subjected to very intense human regulation for cities, industries and, especially, agricultural consumption. The river Turia (or Túria ) is the third largest and has its source in Aragon . Most rivers in the area, such as
3290-497: The Vinalopó , are usually short, have little current (due to agricultural usage, climatic reasons or both) and are often completely dry during the summer. Other Valencian rivers are the Serpis and Sénia . The Valencian Community is, with 5,216,195 inhabitants (INE 2023), the fourth autonomous community in Spain by population, and represents 10.85% of the national population. Its population
3384-468: The desertic climate ( Köppen BWh ) are also found in the Valencian Community. The Csb climate is more common and is found in inland, high altitude areas (generally starting above 1,000 metres (3,300 ft)) across the 3 provinces of the Valencian Community, especially in the interior of Castellón but also in El Rincón de Ademuz and the north of Los Serranos comarcas in the province of Valencia . In
3478-420: The duple meter march -like music, and is often performed in the context of theater. This form of pasodoble was mistakenly taken as the original form by English and French musicologists visiting Spain in the 20th century. Tunas is the name given to a brotherhood of students that play popular music together on the street to get some extra coins, or under the window of the beloved of one of them, to try and help
3572-518: The 1930s. Supporters of this hypothesis, mostly French musicologists, suggested that pasodoble was a way for the French to portray the techniques used in Spanish bullfights. This hypothesis neglects to explain the presence of scores dating from 1780, that Spanish infantry already marched at double speed before the French army did and French musicologist usually refers the bullfight-related movements or themes, peculiarity that does not make sense since in Spain it
3666-426: The 19th century. One hypothesis suggests, based on the etymology of the name, that it comes from the French "pas-redouble", a form of speedy march of the French infantry during the late 18th century. It is claimed to have both Spanish and French characteristics. The modern steps often contain French terms, but the dance resembles the nature of the bullfight. It is said to have emerged from southern French culture during
3760-449: The 20th century, including Alcoy or Alcoi , Elda , Ontinyent , Petrer , Villena , and La Vall d'Uixó . In recent decades, the concentration of population around the large capitals has increased and large metropolitan areas have been formed, although the demographic concentration has also occurred in coastal towns and cities, so that traditionally small populations, such as Benidorm , Gandia , Calpe or Torrevieja have experienced
3854-536: The British Isles, Benelux, Germany and Scandinavia), boosts the summertime population (and hydrological demands). In 2004, Valencia's GDP was 93.9% of the European Union average, although this figure may be too low because of the important presence of foreign residents either from other regions of Europe or as economic immigrants, who are not properly represented in the official statistics. As in all of Spain, there
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3948-515: The Christians to surprise the Moors; else rallying Christian forces during the battle. The feast day of St. James is 25 July, so some of the Moors' and Christians' festivals occur at the end of July. La Vila Joiosa / Villajoyosa celebrates it in the last week of July, with a reenactment of the Berber pirate attack of 1538 ( desembarc ), according to tradition repelled when St. Martha (feast day 29 July) sent
4042-535: The Christians winning a simulated battle around a castle. Due to Spanish Empire expansion, the performing art has been adapted in other places in Europe, America, and Asia, as in the Philippines since the 17th century and is a popular street play throughout the country. Unlike the Spanish version, the Philippine version is dominated by indigenous Philippine cultures which are used in language, costumes, musics, and dances of
4136-661: The Crown's economic capital. Local institutions and laws continued during the dynastic union of the early modern Spanish Monarchy , but were suspended in 1707 as a result of the Spanish War of Succession . Valencian nationalism emerged towards the end of the 19th century, leading to the modern conception of the Valencian Country . The current autonomous community under the Generalitat Valenciana self-government institution
4230-655: The Ebro river, the Carthaginians occupied the whole region. The dispute over the hegemony of Saguntum , a Hellenized Iberian coastal city with diplomatic contacts with Rome, destroyed by Hannibal in 219 BC, ignited the Second Punic War , which ended with the incorporation of the region to the Roman Empire. The Romans founded the city of Valentia in 138 BC, which, over the centuries overtook Saguntum in importance. After
4324-523: The Gulf of Valencia, around the Valencian Community's capital. It is the third largest in Spain, with 1,774,201 inhabitants (INE 2011). The metropolitan area of Alicante - Elche has 757,085 inhabitants (INE 2014) and is the eighth metropolitan area in Spain by population; it is the sum of the urban areas of Alicante (468,581 inhabitants) and Elche-Crevillent (288,504 inhabitants), therefore a bipolar metropolitan area. The metropolitan area of Castellón de la Plana
4418-463: The INE, the largest metropolitan areas are: In the process whereby democracy was restored in Spain between 1975 and 1978, the nationalist and regionalist parties pressed to grant home rule to certain territories in Spain. The constitution of 1978 opened a legal way for autonomous communities to be formed from provinces with common historical and cultural links. In recognition of the Valencian Community as
4512-581: The Kingdom of Valencia as a third independent country within the Crown of Aragon in 1238. The kingdom developed intensively in the 14th and 15th centuries, which are considered the Golden Age of the Valencian culture, with significant works like the chivalric romance of Tirant lo Blanch . Valencia developed into an important kingdom in Europe economically through the silk trade. It also rose to power politically with
4606-511: The Mediterranean, or by land through Catalonia . The Valencian territory has few natural resources; the only important mineral deposit is the marble quarried in Alicante province. Hydrological resources (see Geography above) are also lacking: the demand for water exceeds the supply, with this imbalance especially serious in Alicante province. In particularly severe drought years, the problem
4700-570: The Philippines under the performing arts category that the government may nominate in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists . Valencian Community The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain . It is the fourth most populous Spanish autonomous community after Andalusia , Catalonia and the Community of Madrid with more than five million inhabitants. Its homonymous capital Valencia
4794-475: The Province of Alicante, 135 in the Province of Castellón, and 266 in the Province of Valencia). Valencia is long and narrow, running mainly north–south; historically, its rather steep and irregular terrain has made communications and the exploitation of the soil difficult, although the soil of the coastal plain is particularly fertile . This coastal axis has facilitated connections with Europe, either by sea through
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#17329316633864888-782: The Valencian Community were the Iberians , who were divided in several groups (the Contestani , the Edetani , the Ilercavones and the Bastetani ). The Greeks established colonies in the coastal towns of Saguntum and Dianium beginning in the 5th century BC, where they traded and mixed with the local Iberian populations. After the end of the First Punic War between Carthage and Rome in 241 BC, which established their limits of influence in
4982-589: The Valencian coast, associated to the festivals of Moors and Christians and the Falles . In the dance form is very free regarding figures. The dancers must remain one in front of the other, and keep their bodies parallel to each other at all times, leaning slightly to the left. They must give one step per tempo. The left hand of the male and the right hand of the woman must remain united almost permanently. Besides this, almost all motions and figures are accepted, which allows space for dramatization. The dance can be similar to
5076-492: The Valencian people are a "historical nationality" . Their origins date back to the 1238 Aragonese conquest of the Taifa of Valencia . The newly-founded Kingdom of Valencia enjoyed its own legal entity and administrative institutions as a component of the Crown of Aragon , under the purview of the Furs of Valencia . Valencia experienced its Golden Age in the 15th century, as it became
5170-489: The agricultural sector has continued to grow, the boom in the secondary and tertiary sectors during the Spanish miracle of the 1960s, has meant that its relative importance has decreased over time. The provinces of Castellón and Valencia still have thousands of hectares of citrus-producing groves and citrus continues to be a major source of income on the countryside. Province of Alicante also grows citrus, but its agriculture
5264-488: The best known Mexican pasodobles are El Piti, El Charro Cárdenas, El abuelito, El banderillero, María Caballé, El Berrendito de San Juan, Tarde de toros, Toros en San Miguel, Joselito Huerta and Toros de Llaguno. Puerto Rican pasodobles are known for their nostalgic quality. Some of the most famous are: Ecos de Puerto Rico (El Maestro Ladi), Morena ( Noro Morales ), Cuando pienso en España (Juan Peña Reyes), Reminiscencias (Juan Peña Reyes), El trueno ( Juan Peña Reyes ), Himno
5358-537: The bullfighters' entrance ( paseo ), or during the passes ( faena ) just before the kill. It is also composed to honor outstanding bullfighters. Some of the most famous are Suspiros de España, España cañí, Agüero, La Gracia de Dios,1 El Gato Montés, Viva el pasodoble, Tercio de Quites, Pan y toros, Cielo Andaluz, La Morena de mi Copla, Francisco Alegre, Amparito Roca, El Beso, Plaza de las Ventas. Made to dance in popular celebrations and social reunions. They tend to be upbeat, but can also be emotional and introspective, with
5452-474: The city of Alicante . Andalusia also has very interesting Moors and Christians performances, especially in the former Moorish kingdom of Granada . Performances are mostly organized in rural towns and villages, such as Válor, Granada , a small town in the Eastern Alpujarras . Spaniards took this tradition overseas. In the Philippines , fiestas often include a moro-moro play. The show begins with
5546-448: The city of Alcoi, the Moors, in turn, tried to recover it. As fighting was about to resume, Saint George miraculously appeared, and the frightened Moors scattered in defeat. Other traditions ascribe a miraculous saintly appearance to Saint James ( Santiago ), the patron saint of Spain , particularly at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (in what today is the municipality of La Carolina , Province of Jaén , Andalusia ), sometimes guiding
5640-424: The classic and popular pasodobles , the melodious marchas moras (Moorish in style), and the forceful marchas cristianas . In Spain a marching band or concert band plays the repertoire for these parades, in the two latter types of marches the band's music is reinforced by timpani, concert bass drums and a gong . In the Philippines , the performing art is officially called Moro y Cristianos Street Drama by
5734-439: The conflict between two competing names: "Valencian Country" and "Former Kingdom of Valencia". On one hand, "Valencian Country" represented the modern conception of nationality that resurged in the 19th century. It became well-established during the Second Spanish Republic and later on with the works of Joan Fuster in the 1960s, implying the existence of the "Catalan Countries" ( Països Catalans ). This nationalist subtext
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#17329316633865828-455: The conquest of a castle. The most well-known Moors and Christians festival are the Moors and Christians of Alcoy that takes place in Alcoi ( Valencian Community ) from 22 to 24 April, around the Feast Day of Saint George ( Valencian : Sant Jordi ; Spanish : San Jorge ), the patron saint of the Crown of Aragon ( Catalonia , Aragon and formerly also of the Valencian Community ). According to legend, after James I of Aragon reconquered
5922-484: The creation of the Council of the Valencian Country ( Consell del País Valencià ), and in 1982 the self-government was finally extended into a Statute of Autonomy ( Estatut d'Autonomia ) creating several self-government institutions under the Generalitat Valenciana . The first democratically elected President of the Generalitat Valenciana , Joan Lerma , took office in 1982 as part of the transition to autonomy. The Valencian Statute of Autonomy make clear that Valencia
6016-403: The dance as the man and woman challenge each other. The leader of this dance plays the part of the matador. The follower generally plays the part of the matador's cape, but can also represent the shadow of the matador, as well as the flamenco dancer in some figures. The follower never represents the bull, although this is a common misconception. This form of pasodoble is a lively style of dance to
6110-559: The dunes, thus forming now protected areas of remarkable ecologic value. In addition to mainland Valencia, the Valencian territory administers the tiny Columbretes Islands and the coastal inhabited islet of Tabarca . Valencia has a generally pleasant climate, with mild winters and hot summers, heavily influenced by the neighbouring Mediterranean sea. Still, there are important differences between areas: The warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csb ), humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), oceanic climate ( Köppen Cfb ) and
6204-440: The end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th), in which the drop in mortality initially caused a demographic transition, with strong increases in the population, which passed in its final moments of demographic stability thanks to the drop in birth rates. In the case of the Valencian Community, and in Spain as a whole, both cycles temporarily coincided with the non-presence of reliable population censuses, which would not allow
6298-418: The establishment of the Muslim Taifa of Valencia , during the Al-Andalus period, the name developed to بلنسية ( Balansiya ). The modern names of the city are Valencia (Spanish) and València (Valencian). The older spellings Valençia , Ualençia and Ualència are also found in pre-reform Spanish and Valencian texts. To distinguish it from its capital city, a number of names have been used for
6392-421: The former wetlands and salt evaporation ponds in the Santa Pola and Torrevieja area. All of them are key Ramsar sites which make Valencia of high relevance for both migratory and resident seabirds and waterbirds. There are many important coastal dunes in the Saler area near the Albufera and in the Guardamar area, both of them were planted with thousands of trees during the 19th century in order to fix
6486-404: The institutions that the Valencian Courts create. The Courts have approved the creation of the Síndic de Greuges ( Ombudsman ), the Sindicatura de Comptes (Public Audit Office), the Consell Valencià de Cultura (Valencian Council of Culture), the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (Valencian Academy of the Language), the Consell Jurídic Consultiu (Juridic and Consultative Council) and
6580-480: The largest center for the mass production and creation of new pasodobles is the southeast of Spain, mainly the Valencian Community , related to the popular Moors and Christians festivals. The traditional ones can be heard in Spanish popular celebrations, patron saint verbenas, and weddings. Well known examples are "Paquito el Chocolatero", "Fiesta en Benidorm", "Alegría Agostense" or "Pirata Quiero Ser". A pasodoble performed mostly for spectacle purposes, sometimes in
6674-445: The local militia that carried out military acts of display or exhibition of the troops if required to pay tribute to some authority. Traditionally they carried out these troop parades during the so-called "royal festivities" for the visit of the king, a royal anniversary, commemoration of a victory or birth of a prince. In certain towns, these acts of the militia were also carried out to honor the local patron figure on his holiday, which
6768-493: The lovestruck member to get a date with her. Tunas have become one of the main forces keeping Spanish pasodoble alive. Tunas tend to adapt or repeat simple pieces that are already composed, but they sometimes compose their own, satirical pieces. In addition to the Spanish pasodoble, already discussed, this rhythm has been adopted and modified by other nations: Mexico has produced master composers of pasodoble, especially taurine pasodobles. Agustín Lara or Silverio Pérez . Some of
6862-424: The media and Spanish written language. However, the variant of "Valencian Country" ( País Valencià ) that emphasizes the nationality status of the Valencian people is still the preferred one by left-wing parties, civil associations, Valencian written language and major Valencian public institutions. "Valencian Community" is a neologism that was specifically adopted after democratic transition in order to solve
6956-565: The metropolitan agglomerations of Murcia, Molina de Segura and Alcantarilla, in the neighboring Region of Murcia . This supraregional metropolitan area has a total population of 776,784 inhabitants (INE 2009), an area of 1,787 km² and a density of 445.54 inhabitants/km², making it the seventh largest in Spain. In recent decades the concentration of the population in the provincial capitals and in their metropolitan areas has increased considerably, in cities such as Torrent , Mislata , Paterna , Burjassot , or San Vicente del Raspeig . According to
7050-493: The occasional melancholic or patriotic theme. They usually require a small number of instruments and musicians and have lyrics. Some famous examples are "Islas Canarias", "En er Mundo", "Costa Dorada" or "Valencia". Pasodobles that require an entire band to be played, and are almost exclusively designed for popular parades and village celebrations. They often use colorful characters of the region and light hearted subjects as inspiration. This pasodobles are very alive in Spain, Today,
7144-427: The one-step, except for the speed and number of steps given. The origin of this form of music is disputed. The facts known about it from historical evidence are that it was written as early as the 18th century, since Spain has pasodoble scores dating back to 1780; that it was incorporated into comedies and adopted as a regulatory step for the Spanish infantry; and that the music was not introduced into bullfights until
7238-609: The play. The main story of the art, however, has been faithfully retained. Similar celebrations in Zacatecas , México, are called Morisma . Theatrical festivities with this setting are already documented even before the end of the Reconquista itself, in 1426 in Murcia and in 1463 in Jaén. The modern "comparsas" or companies of Moors and Christians have their origin in the old Soldadesca ,
7332-495: The province of Alicante this climate is only found in the highest altitudes of Serra de Mariola and Sierra de Aitana . Both Cfa and Cfb climates can be only found in the interior of the province of Castellón, with marginal presence in the Valencian province, only in the Rincón de Ademuz comarca. The presence of the desertic climates ( BWh ) is marginal to scarcely populated areas south of Elche . There are only two major rivers:
7426-580: The region, Valencia and Dénia , along with the small and short living taifas of Orihuela , Alpuente , Jérica and Sagunt and the short Christian conquest of Valencia by El Cid . However, the origins of present-day Valencia date back to the Kingdom of Valencia , which came into existence in the 13th century. James I of Aragon led the Christian conquest and colonization of the existing Islamic taifas with Aragonese and Catalan colonizers in 1208; they founded
7520-505: The region. After the Christian conquest, it became the Kingdom of Valencia . In the last decades, Valencian Community has become the preferred name to avoid any controversy . "Valencian Community" is the standard translation of the official name in Valencian recognized by the Statute of Autonomy of 1982 ( Comunitat Valenciana ). This is the name most used in public administration, tourism,
7614-464: The rest of the states belonging to the former Crown of Aragon and which had retained some autonomy, and subordinated it to the structure of the Kingdom of Castile and its laws and customs. As a result of this, the institutions and laws created by the Law of Valencia ( Furs de València ) were abolished and the usage of the Valencian language in official instances and education was forbidden. Consequently, with
7708-701: The rise of the Crown of Aragon, (within which the Kingdom of Valencia had achieved the largest population and the greatest economic power at that time) and the ascension of the Valencian House of Borja in Rome (see Route of the Borjas , Route of the Monasteries and Route of the Classics ). After a slow decline following the dynastic union of the Crown of Aragon with the Kingdom of Castile, Valencia's successful status came to
7802-481: The rural areas due to the inputting of folk traditions in the play and the need of the people for leisure, especially after a hard day at labor. Overall, the Philippine moros y cristianos may last from one to several days, depending on the Philippine-written script being used. In 2011, the performing art was cited by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts as one of the intangible cultural heritage of
7896-515: The southern Valencian Community . According to popular tradition the festivals commemorate the battles, combats and fights between Moors (i.e. Muslims ) and Christians during the period known as Reconquista (from the 8th century through the 15th century). There are also festivals of Moros y Cristianos in Spanish America . The festivals represent the capture of the city by the Muslims and
7990-404: The subsequent Christian reconquering fight. The people who take part in the festival are usually enlisted in local associations called filaes (singular filà ) or comparsas (companies that represent the Christian or Moor legions). Each side consists of various companies that carry out activities throughout the year, organizing spectacular parades during the days of the festival and spending
8084-435: The taurine pasodobles being the slowest and the popular being faster and often incorporating voice. Pasodoble as we know it started in Spain but is now played in a wide variety of Hispanic nations. Each region has developed its own subgenre and personal style of pasodoble, adjusting some formal aspects of the structure to fit their local musical tradition. In modern Spain, the most prolific composition of pasodobles takes place on
8178-828: The territory is the Aitana (1,558 m). The rather thin coastal strip is a very fertile plain without remarkable mountains except those around the Cap de la Nau area in northern Alicante province and the Peñíscola area in the Castellón province. Typical of this coastal area are wetlands and marshlands such as L'Albufera close to Valencia, El Fondo in Elche and Crevillent , La Marjal near Pego , Albufera of Gayanes in Gayanes or El Prat in Cabanes , also
8272-465: The territory, and more sparse around the inner and northern regions. Important historical cities include Sagunto and Dénia in Roman times; Valencia , Alicante , Xàtiva , Orihuela , Elche , Gandia , and Villarreal or Vila-real later on in history and, more recently, Alzira and Castellón de la Plana . Another set of noncoastal cities increased significantly in numbers due to industrialization in
8366-541: The traditional conception of a kingdom, and, on the other hand, it also recognizes Valencia as a nationality , in accordance with the modern conception. Valencia was affected by the 2024 Spanish floods . The inland part of the territory is craggy, with some of the highest peaks in the Valencia and Castellón provinces forming part of the Iberian Mountain Range . The mountains in the Province of Alicante are in turn
8460-437: Was associated with bullfighting a long time later. A hypothesis based on the dance's free figures and rhythm states that its binary rhythm and moderated movement points to an origin in traditional Spanish music and dances of the early 16th century. These dances, developed around 1538, were a gradual combination of Castillian music and dance (seguidillas) with the "garrotín", a fast and repetitive Romani couples dance, adapted into
8554-419: Was created as, or keeps its role as, an infantry march. It is usually fast and lacks lyrics. Famous examples are "Soldadito español", "El Abanico", "Los nardos", "Las Corsarias" or " Los Voluntarios" Often played during bullfights, or with that intense atmosphere in mind. They are slowed and more dramatic than martial pasodobles, and lack lyrics, too. This pasodoble is based on music played at bullfights during
8648-584: Was established in 1982 after the Spanish Transition . Official languages are Spanish and Valencian (the official and traditional name used in the Valencian Community to refer to what is commonly known as the Catalan language ). As of 2020, the population of the Valencian Community comprised 10.63% of the Spanish population. The city of Valencia (capital of the Valencian Community) was founded by
8742-699: Was opposed by anti-Catalan blaverists , who proposed "Former Kingdom of Valencia" ( Antic Regne de València ) instead, in order to emphasize Valencian independence from Catalonia. Currently, blaverists have accepted the official denomination. The autonomous community can be homonymously identified with its capital "Valencia". However, this could be disregarding of the provinces of Alicante and Castellón. Other more anecdotal translations have included "Land of Valencia", "Region of Valencia" and "Valencian Region". The term "Region", however, carries negative connotations among many Valencians because it could deny their nationality status. The pre-Roman autochthonous people of
8836-501: Was too difficult to achieve widespread popularity. All moves are sharp and quick. Pasodoble takes up a lot of space, limiting it to special occasions. In competitive dance, modern pasodoble is combined with other four dances ( samba , cha-cha-cha , rumba and jive ) under the banner International Latin . Modern pasodoble dance consists of two dancing parts and one break in between for dancers of class D and of three parts and two breaks in between for dancers of class C, B, A, according to
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