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40-590: At the end of the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th century the Parmalim movement, which originated in Toba lands spread to other areas of the Batak lands. Especially in the lower Karo lands, the 'dusun' the Malim religion, became very influential as an expression of anti-colonial sentiments at the turn of the 20th century. Today the majority of Parmalim are Toba Batak . The largest of

80-635: A common ancestor with their relative, the Siahaan clan in Balige . It is certain that the Toba people as a distinct culture can be found beyond the boundaries of their geographical origins. According to the folklore of the Batak people, the first ancestor of the Batak people is Si Raja Batak , literally means ‘King Batak’ or ‘the King of Batak’. His origin is believed to be from a Toba village known as Sianjur Mula village, situated on

120-685: A fresh offensive in 1883–84 with Acehnese aid, attacking the Dutch at Uluan and Balige in May 1883 and in Tangga Batu in 1884. The Dutch mounted a harsh response, torturing and killing Bataks suspected of being followers of Sisingamangaraja XII, as well as burning houses and imposing punitive taxes. They offered rewards for information on his whereabouts but were unable to capture him. In 1904, Dutch forces under Lt Col Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van Daalen attacked Tanah Gayo and some areas around Lake Toba in order to break

160-498: A heresy. But in fact, Malim recognizes the existence of the one and only Almighty God'. (Mula Jadi Na Bolon in Batak mythology ). This Indonesia -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Toba Batak people Outside North Sumatra: Riau , Batam , Jakarta , Java , Kalimantan , Sulawesi , Papua , Bali , and around Indonesia – 1,100,000 The Toba Batak people ( Batak Toba : ᯅᯖᯂ᯲ ᯖᯬᯅ ) are

200-522: Is contrasted to Javanese people , Indonesia's largest ethnic group, who are more culturally conciliatory and less willing to air differences publicly. Batak Toba people also known as professing Christians in contrast with the largely Muslim population in Indonesia. In terms of occupational sector, Batak Toba is also known to be well represented in some sectors particularly law , education , military , economy , and politics . An overwhelming majority of

240-416: Is no obligation for Toba people to live in the Toba region, although they are obliged to be attached to their original village in Toba. The original village or Bius of a Toba Batak person is called ‘ Bona Pasogit ‘. It is common for a Toba Batak person to identify his/her origin not by their birthplaces, but by their Bona Pasogit in ‘ Tano Batak ‘ or ‘The Batak Land’. Just as it is with other ethnicities,

280-506: Is the largest Protestant church with Lutheranism in Indonesia. It was founded by the German missionaries and still regarded as the traditional church of the Toba Batak people. In the early 20th century, HKBP disported into several independent Protestant churches such as GKPS (Simalungun) and GKPA (Angkola) to accommodate church services for the Batak people outside of the Toba community. Before

320-765: The Sinambela clan. During the time when the Batak kingdom was based in Bakara, the Sisingamangaraja dynasty of the Batak kingdom divided their kingdom into four regions by the name of Raja Maropat , which are: The Dutch colonization started with the defeat of King Sisingamangaraja XII , ending the Thirty years Batak War . The Dutch colonization formally began with the annexation of the Onafhankelijke Batak-Landen or ‘The Free Batak-Country’ into The Dutch East Indies and

360-618: The Toba Batak language and are centered on Lake Toba and Samosir Island within the lake. Batak Toba people frequently build in traditional Batak architecture styles which are common in Samosir. Cultural demonstrations, performances, and festivities such as Sigale Gale are often held for tourists. Paleontological research done in the Humbang region of the west side of Toba Lake suggests that human activity existed 6,500 years ago. The genetic test of

400-691: The 1840s, a new attempt was done in 1861 by several missionaries sent out by the German Rhenish Missionary Society (RMG). The first Bataks were baptized during this year. In 1864, Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen from the German Rhenish Missionary Society reached the Batak region and founded a village called "Huta Dame" (village of peace) in the district of Tapanuli in Tarutung , North Sumatra . The Batak Christian Protestant Church ( Indonesian : Huria Kristen Batak Protestan )

440-488: The Batak resistance. Sisingamangaraja XII's forces resorted to guerrilla warfare and evaded the Dutch troops. The Dutch reinforced their troops and weapons before launching another offensive in 1907 against the remainder of Sisingamangaraja XII's forces in the Toba region. A battle was fought at Pak-pak between the Dutch, led by Captain Hans Christoffel, and Sisingamangaraja's troops. On 17 June 1907 Sisingamangaraja XII

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480-646: The Christian Toba Batak Rajas with the German Missionaries during the 1886 to evaluate the pre-Christian customs of the Toba Batak society to be inline with Christian values and Church Ordinance . The result of this discussion is the codification of Batak Toba customs by the Christian Rajahs and the Missionaries into two treaties: Ruhut Parsaoron di Habatahon 1898 or The Customs regulating

520-514: The Indonesian Protestant community, it is common for Protestant churches in Indonesia to provide service in Toba Batak language . The first Protestant missionaries who tried to reach the Batak highlands of inner Northern Sumatra were English and American Baptist preachers in the 1820s and 1830s but without any success. After Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn and Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk did intensive research on Batak language and culture in

560-770: The Muslim Toba Batak are originated from port of Barus , Sorkam , parts of Sibolga , and from Asahan areas. They are generally regarded as the original Toba Batak Muslims, although, sometimes the Batak Muslims from these regions are identified and self-identified as distinct sub-group known as ‘Orang Pesisir’ or ‘Batak Pesisir’ and ‘ Batak Pardembanan ’ (Asahan). In some cases of conversion to Islam , there are occurrences of Toba Batak Muslims disassociating themselves with Toba Batak customs and identity and prefer association with other ethnic identities (e.g. of their spouses) or to disassociate ethnic identity at all. This would cause

600-528: The Tapanuli Residency was unified under North Sumatra province. Since then, Toba is under the Toba Samosir Regency 's region with Balige as its capital. The Toba Batak people practice a distinct culture. The central foundation of their culture is the customs or adat called ‘ Dalihan Na Tolu ’ (‘The Three Legged Stove’). The Toba Batak generally are regarded as a patriarchal society. While

640-410: The Toba Batak people are adherents of Christianity . The value and practice of Christianity are absorbed deeply into the daily life of the Toba people in combination with the practice of Toba traditional customs known as Adat . The currently pertaining traditional law, customs, and regulations used by most Batak Toba people to regulate their social relations nowadays were products of discussions between

680-433: The Toba Batak people shows that the Toba Batak are the descendants of different people with distinct genetic components. The Toba Batak's ancestors migrated from Taiwan thousands of years ago. There were numerous kingdoms and dynasties in the history of the Batak and Toba Batak people. The last dynasty in the Toba Batak people is the Sisingamangaraja dynasty with twelve successive priest kings called ‘Sisingamangaraja’ from

720-637: The Toba people have also migrated to other places to look for a better life. For example, the majority of the Silindung natives are the Hutabarat, Panggabean, Simorangkir, Hutagalung, Hutapea and Lumbantobing clans. Instead all those six clans are actually descendants of Guru Mangaloksa, one of Raja Hasibuan's sons from Toba region. So it is with the Nasution clan where most of them live in Padangsidimpuan, surely share

760-410: The Toba people is called rumah bolon . It is a rectangular building that can house up to five or six families. One can enter a rumah bolon through a staircase in the middle of the house with an odd numbers of steps (odd number of staircase means offspring of slave, even number of staircase means offspring of king). When a person enters the house, one must bow in order to avoid one's head from knocking

800-576: The conversion to Christianity, the old belief of the Toba Batak tribe was a mixture of Animism and Hinduism with significant influence of Islam . In the beginning of the 20th century, some Toba Batak Rajahs who refused to embrace Christianity instituted a religion inspired by the pre-Christian Toba Batak beliefs, customs and practices. This religion is called ‘ Ugamo Malim ‘ with its adherents called Parmalim . The Parmalims worship Debata Mula Jadi Nabolon, which means The Great Almighty God. A minority of Toba Batak are adherents of Sunni Islam . Many of

840-536: The customs and regulations of the Toba Batak life. Toba Batak's adat traditions are often present in Christian ceremonies such as baptism , confirmation , marriage , and burial , while church hymns , psalms , and prayers are often involved and invoked in traditional ethnic Toba Batak ceremonies. The Toba Batak people are known to possess a robust tradition of ‘ Mangaranto ‘ or becoming migrants to look for better education, and social and economic opportunities. There

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880-400: The departure from the traditional Toba Batak customs and adoption of the more conventional Islamic customs in instances such as wedding or burial, as many aspects of the former are now seen as no longer compatible with Islamic standard. Sisingamangaraja XII Patuan Bosar Sinambela ginoar Ompu Pulo Batu , better known as Si Singamangaraja XII (1849 – 17 June 1907),

920-578: The first Tapanuli Resident . Although there were changes made to the name, the division of the region was still the same. For example, the name of Afdeling Bataklanden was changed to Luhak Tanah Batak, and the first luhak (federated region) appointed was Cornelius Sihombing; who was once also a demang (chief) silindung . The title Onderafdeling (Dutch for "subdivision") was changed to urung , and demangs that supervised an onderafdeling were promoted as kepala (head) urung . Onderdistrik (subdistrict) then became urung kecil , and

960-565: The formation of the Tapanuli Residency in 1910. The Tapanuli Residency is divided into four regions that are called afdeling ( Dutch for "section"); today it is known as a regency or city, namely: During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies , the administration of the Tapanuli Residency had little changes. After the independence, the government of Indonesia retained Tapanuli as Residency . Dr. Ferdinand Lumban Tobing became

1000-511: The function as a priest class all religious ceremonies within the village or territory of rulership ( kedatuan ); but there were, compared to the European nobility (Datu is equivalent to a European count or countess) and its characteristic excessive privileges, no further special rights beyond those functionally substantiated at hand. Si Singamangaraja XII was the last in a line of figures known as parmalim (religious leaders). The Sisingamangaraja

1040-888: The largest ethnic group of the Batak peoples of North Sumatra , Indonesia. The general term ‘Batak’ is sometimes used to refer to the Batak Toba people, for one thing because the Toba people are the largest sub-group of the Batak ethnicity, for another because they tend to self-identify as merely Batak instead of ‘Toba’ or ‘Batak Toba’, contrary to the habit of the Karo, Mandailing, Simalungun, Pakpak communities who commonly self-identify with their respective sub-groups. The Toba people are found in Toba Regency , Humbang Hasundutan Regency , Samosir Regency , North Tapanuli Regency , Central Tapanuli Regency (with Sibolga and its surrounding regions), and part of Dairi Regency . The Batak Toba people speak

1080-774: The mythological god-king Si Raja Batak as their first ancestor), no feudalism structure could develop in that parmalim faith based concept of ethnic exceptionalism throughout Batak history. The king was merely seen as a ruler among equals ("primus inter pares" or in Batak law/adat "dalihan na tolu" ) and the South East Asian aristocratic lords, the Datuk (in Batak: Datu), did justify their leadership role within society by fulfilling their secular and religious tasks. They had for example to preside over courtship trials in cases of broken law, organize administrative affairs and similarly oversee in

1120-466: The offspring continuously. Nainggolan, Napitupulu, Pardede, Gultom, Panggabean, Silalahi, Siahaan, Simanjuntak, Sihombing, Sitorus, Panjaitan, Sitompul, Marbun, Lumban Tobing, Aritonang, Pangaribuan, Situmorang, Manurung, Marpaung, Hutapea, Tambunan, Silitonga, Tampubolon , Sinaga, Siregar, Pakpahan, Sidabutar, Aruan, Ambarita, and Simatupang are among the common surnames. However, the number of all Toba Batak clans are in hundreds. The traditional house of

1160-399: The role of men is central in the Toba Batak society, the role of women is very crucial with the existence of the Toba Batak concept of ‘ Hula hula ‘ where women and their families hold a higher ground in familial relations. Since the conversion to Christianity of the Toba Batak people in the 19th century, Christianity has played a vital part in the life of Toba people with church influencing

1200-458: The several existing Parmalim groups has its centre in Huta Tinggi in the vicinity of Laguboti on the south shore of Lake Toba . The Malim religion has some similarities with Islam, including a prohibition on the consumption of pork and of blood, and the practice of wearing turbans. Modern Malim deny that these practices were derived from Islam. One of the first leaders of the Parmalim movement

1240-409: The slopes of Mount Pusuk Buhit, about 45 minutes drive from Pangururan , the capital of Samosir Regency today. A surname or family name ( marga ) is part of a Toba person's name, which identifies the clan or family they belonged to. The Batak Toba people always have a surname or family name. The surname or family name is obtained from the father's lineage (paternal) which would then be passed on to

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1280-459: The social life of the Batak (referred to as Ruhut), and Patik dohot Uhum ni Halak Batak 1899 or Laws and Regulations of the Batak people (referred to as Patik). Most of the Toba people are adherents of Protestantism with Lutheranism as the biggest denomination. After Protestantism, Catholicism is the second largest religious belief among the Toba People. Being the largest ethnic group in

1320-597: The transverse beam at the entrance of the traditional house. The interpretation of this is that the guests must respect the owner of the house. The traditional boat of the Toba Batak people is the solu . It is a dugout canoe , with boards added on the side bound with iron tacks. The boat is propelled by sitting rowers, who sit in pairs on cross seats. The Toba Batak are known throughout Indonesia as capable musicians, and are perceived as confident, outspoken and willing to question authority, expressing differences in order to resolve them through discussion. This outlook on life

1360-520: The two Sisingamangarajas faced pressure to act from traditional list Batak chiefs and the neighbouring Sultanate of Aceh , which was at war with the Dutch from 1873. In February 1878, Sisingamangaraja XII held a religious ceremony to rally the Bataks behind him in a war of resistance against the Dutch. His forces attacked Dutch outposts in Bakal Batu, Tarutung, but were defeated. He regrouped and launched

1400-421: Was Raja Mulia Naipospos. Modern Parmalim trace their heritage to Sisingamangaraja XII , a Batak leader in the fight against the Dutch, whose spirit is still alive in his successors. According to Raja Marnakkok Naipospos, a modern Parmalim leader, the faith has often be slandered as devil worship 'Campaigns branding Parmalim as devil worshippers still exist today', he said, 'Batak not familiar with Malim regard it as

1440-404: Was believed to have powers such as the ability to drive away evil spirits, call forth the rain and control rice-growing. He was not normally seen as a political figure, but when Dutch colonists and missionaries began penetrating north Sumatra from the 1850s onwards both Sisingamangaraja XI and XII became the focus of Batak resistance to colonial rule. Although they were not personally anti-Christian,

1480-602: Was killed in a clash at Dairi along with his daughter Lopian and his sons, Patuan Nagari and Patuan Anggi. He was buried in Tarutung, then moved to Balige , and later moved to Samosir Island . In 1961 Sisingamangaraja XII was declared a " National Hero of Indonesia " – specifically a "Hero of the Struggle for Freedom" ( Pahlawan Perjuangan Kemerdekaan ) – by the Indonesian government under Presidential Decree number 590. He's also

1520-403: Was supervised by kepala urung kecil ; which was previously known as assistant demang . Just as it was in the past, the government of the Tapanuli Residency was divided into four districts, namely: During the transfer of sovereignty in the early 1950s, the Tapanuli Residency that was unified into North Sumatra province and was divided into four new regencies, namely: In December 2008,

1560-518: Was the last priest-king of the Batak peoples of north Sumatra . In the course of fighting a lengthy guerrilla war against the Dutch colonisation of Sumatra from 1878 onwards, he was killed in a skirmish with Dutch troops in 1907. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia in 1961 for his resistance to Dutch colonialism. Si Singamangaraja XII was born Patuan Bosar Sinambela in Bakkara, Tapanuli, in 1849. He

1600-438: Was the successor to his father Si Singamangaraja XI (Raja Sohahuaon Sinambela) who died in 1867. The title Si Singamangaraja which was used by the family dynasty of Marga Sinambela means "The Great Lion King": (1) the (honorific particle Si from sanskrit Sri ) (2) Great King (manga raja from sanskrit maharaja), (3) Lion (singa). Since the Batak see themselves in their mythology as descendants of divine blood (all Margas have

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