Misplaced Pages

#179820

27-582: Parke-Davis moved its facilities to this location along the Detroit River in the 1870s to take advantage of the transportation provided by the river and nearby rail lines. The company eventually built 26 still-extant buildings in the area; the Parke-Davis campus as a whole, now known as Stroh River Place , is recognized on the National Register of Historic Places . However, the most significant structure in

54-506: A Drug Fiend and The Confessions of Aleister Crowley , stopped by Parke-Davis in Detroit, where, according to Crowley, the cooperation was complete. "[They] were kind enough to interest themselves in my researches in Anhalonium lewinii (peyote) and made me some special preparations on the lines indicated by my experience which proved greatly superior to previous preparations." Parke-Davis also

81-412: A hotel. These buildings range from brick mill buildings built at the turn of the 20th century to reinforced concrete buildings constructed after 1920 and range from one to six stories in height. The central and northern portions of the complex are tightly packed with interconnected buildings. There is more open space at the southern edge along the river. The most notable single building in this group

108-420: Is credited with building the first modern pharmaceutical laboratory and developing the first systematic methods of performing clinical trials of new medications. The Parke-Davis Research Laboratory is a National Historic Landmark ; the surrounding Parke-Davis and Company Pharmaceutical Company Plant is on the National Register of Historic Places . In 1912, Parke-Davis pharmacist Wilbur Scoville developed

135-474: Is the Riverwalk Hotel Detroit , the former Parke-Davis Research Laboratory, built in 1902 along the Detroit River. This building was the first industrial research laboratory in the U.S. established for the specific purpose of conducting pharmacological research, inaugurating the commercial pure science approach which has driven the rapid development of pharmaceutical technology. The research laboratory

162-581: Is typical example of public architecture of the period. In 1979, Parke-Davis sold its Detroit complex, including the Research Laboratory, to the Stroh family (of Stroh Brewery Company ). The complex's redevelopment into River Place included the conversion of the Research Laboratory to a hotel, known as the River Place Inn at its opening, designed by firm Sims–Varner . Bruning Development Corp purchased

189-585: The Detroit International Riverfront . It was formerly the Parke-Davis and Company Pharmaceutical Plant . The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. In the 1870s, Parke-Davis moved to the riverfront property this complex now occupies. Between 1891 and 1955, the company expanded the complex to cover over 14 acres (5.7 ha), building the 26 structures that still stand. These buildings were designed by some of

216-539: The "Scoville Organoleptic Test" - now standardized as the Scoville scale - to measure the "spiciness" or "heat" of various chili peppers. The production facility on Parkdale Road in what was then Avon Township, Michigan (site now in Rochester, Michigan ) was also a landmark in that vicinity and is now used by PAR Pharmaceuticals. In the 1950s, Parke-Davis employed Jonas Salk as a consultant on vaccine adjuvants. Parke-Davis

243-536: The addition of a new conference center, and reopened in May 2011 as the Roberts Riverwalk Hotel. In 2002, National Park Service staff recommended withdrawal of the site's landmark status due to loss of the building's historic integrity during the conversion. This building was the first industrial research laboratory in the U.S. established for the specific purpose of conducting pharmacological research, inaugurating

270-522: The application on its own. In partnership with the Japanese firm Daiichi Sankyo Co. and the British firm Glaxo Wellcome , Parke-Davis developed and marketed the anti-diabetic drug Rezulin ( troglitazone ) in the late 1990s. The drug was withdrawn in 2000 because of liver toxicity. Parke-Davis developed the first bacterial vaccine , and the company was thus known as a pioneer in the field of vaccinology . It

297-731: The case of Franklin v. Parke-Davis (2002), the company was accused of illegal marketing practices, including the promotion of off-label uses of its anticonvulsant medication Neurontin . The drug had only been approved for use in patients with epilepsy , but in 2001 over 80% of its $ 1.8 billion in sales were for indications unapproved by the United States Food and Drug Administration . In 2004, Pfizer "admitted that Parke-Davis aggressively marketed Neurontin by illicit means for unrelated conditions including bipolar disorder, pain, migraine headaches, and drug and alcohol withdrawal ", and consented to $ 430 million in penalties although it claimed

SECTION 10

#1732851741180

324-400: The commercial pure science approach which has driven the rapid development of pharmaceutical technology. Parke-Davis Parke-Davis is a subsidiary of the pharmaceutical company Pfizer . Although Parke, Davis & Co. is no longer an independent corporation, it was once America's oldest and largest drug maker, and played an important role in medical history. In 1970 Parke-Davis

351-452: The criminalization of cocaine , the drug was sold by Parke-Davis in various forms, including cigarettes, powder, and even a cocaine mixture that could be injected directly into the user’s veins with the included needle. The company promised that its cocaine products would "supply the place of food, make the coward brave, the silent eloquent and ... render the sufferer insensitive to pain." In October 1915, Aleister Crowley , author of Diary of

378-523: The first cancer vaccine, which was developed by William Coley to treat osteosarcoma. Additionally, the company entered into a distribution agreement with the Inoculation Department of St Mary's (London) and distributed a number of vaccines for infectious diseases and even acne and cancer. Another of the company's products developed by Takamine was a pure form of adrenaline. The compound was patented in 1900 and trademarked as "Adrenalin." Because of

405-598: The group, the Parke-Davis Research Laboratory, is individually recognized as a National Historic Landmark . The Research Laboratory was built in 1902 after Parke-Davis relocated the Detroit Boat Club to Belle Isle . The Detroit architectural firm of Donaldson & Meier designed the original building; later additions were designed by Albert Kahn . The building is a three-story brick building measuring approximately 120 by 40 feet (37 by 12 m), and

432-460: The hotel from the Stroh family in 1993, and signed Grand Heritage Hotels to manage and brand the property. In 1998, the property was acquired by Omni Hotels & Resorts , and rebranded as the Omni Hotel Detroit at River Place . Omni closed the hotel in 2010, and it was acquired by St. Louis real estate developer Michael V. Roberts. The hotel underwent a $ 5 million renovation, which included

459-506: The most prominent Detroit architects, including Donaldson and Meier , Albert Kahn , and Smith, Hinchman and Grylls . As a group, the buildings in the complex are significant as the represent a wide variety of industrial architecture from the early 20th century. In 1979, Parke-Davis sold its property in Detroit, including the Research Laboratory, to the Stroh family (of Stroh Brewery Company ). The complex, now known as River Place, has been converted into offices, retail space, residences, and

486-522: The name Parke, Davis or Parke-Davis in 1871, and was formally incorporated as Parke, Davis & Company in 1875. In 1871, the company sent expeditions to Central and South America and the West Indies in search of medicinal plants. The company produced an herbal laxative drug Cascara found from Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest. It was once the world's largest pharmaceutical company and

513-624: The series, “A History of Pharmacy in Pictures.” Each print came with a history article that explained the depicted scene and its place in history. Launched in 1957, the series was developed in cooperation with the Institute for the History of Pharmacy at the University of Wisconsin. Druggists were encouraged to display the artwork in their stores. Thom also did a comparable series on the history of medicine. In

540-467: The similarity of this name to "Adrenaline," the use of the alternative name "epinephrine" for generics was mandated in the United States and is used to this day. Parke-Davis filed a lawsuit against H. K. Mulford Company alleging infringement of its Adrenalin patents. The ruling in favor of Parke-Davis by Judge Learned Hand is considered crucial to modern patent law. Like Bayer with heroin ; before

567-539: The violations originated in 1996, well before Pfizer's acquisition of Warner–Lambert. As announced on January 22, 2007, Pfizer closed its research facilities in Ann Arbor, Michigan. One of Parke-Davis' early products was an amylase isolated from Aspergillus oryzae by Dr. Jōkichi Takamine . The enzyme was originally intended for use in distilleries but was more successfully marketed as "Taka-diastase" for dyspepsia . Also, Parke-Davis distributed Coley's toxins ,

SECTION 20

#1732851741180

594-495: Was a blockbuster product before the discovery of its association with aplastic anemia . Other products popularized by the company included anti-infectives and brands of combined oral contraceptive pills . Parke-Davis and Company Pharmaceutical Company Plant The historic River Place (also known as Stroh River Place ) is located in Detroit , Michigan , bounded by Joseph Campau Avenue , Wight Street, McDougall Street, and

621-412: Was acquired by Warner–Lambert , which in turn was acquired by Pfizer in 2000. Parke, Davis and Company was founded in Detroit , Michigan by Dr. Samuel P. Duffield, a physician and pharmacist. In 1860, Dr. Duffield owned a small drugstore at the corner of Gratiot and Woodward Avenues. Dr. Duffield made a variety of pharmaceutical preparations, including Hoffman’s anodyne and mercurial ointment, but

648-469: Was also among the five firms contracted to manufacture the original Salk killed-virus vaccine . A combination of the DPT and polio vaccines, called Quadrigen, was developed in 1954 and approved in 1959. Quadrigen was later removed from the market in 1968 after a series of lawsuits pertaining to adverse effects in vaccinated children. Parke-Davis also produced the broad-spectrum antibiotic chloramphenicol , which

675-661: Was also involved in manufacturing the polio vaccine. It took Salk much effort to convince Parke-Davis to follow his production protocols exactly. For about six months Parke-Davis had the exclusive contract to produce the vaccine for field trials but in February 1954 the National Foundation for the Prevention of Polio reneged on the contract and opened vaccine production to other companies as well. Parke-Davis commissioned Detroit illustrator Robert Thom to produce 40 illustrations for

702-453: Was overwhelmed by the operations of the business. Dr. Duffield and Hervey Coke Parke formed a partnership in October 1866, with George S. Davis becoming a third partner in 1867. Parke was a businessman looking for business opportunities and Davis, an ambitious man with skills in sales. Duffield withdrew in 1869 because of poor health and an interest in practicing medicine. The partnership adopted

729-409: Was the original manufacturer and patent holder of phencyclidine (PCP) which is currently listed as a Schedule II drug in the United States. It also developed Ketalar ( ketamine hydrochloride), a general anesthetic and dissociative drug, in 1962. Parke-Davis marketed the first widely available epilepsy treatment, Dilantin , which was approved in 1939, although it discovered neither the compound nor

#179820