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14-543: Paraibuna is the name of two distinct tributaries of the Rio Paraiba do Sul in the South East of Brazil: Paraibuna River (Minas Gerais) Paraibuna River (Sao Paulo) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

28-444: A healthy fish; they have red fins which may have blueish tones and be tipped in black, but these colours also may change, brighten, or fade depending on the mood. They can grow quite large, with males reaching just over a foot and females generally a little smaller. In a group, they usually pair up once they are around 2–3 in long; at this time they can be quite territorial, and keep other fish away from their breeding space. The sex of

42-490: A length up to 25 cm (9.8 in), while females only reach a bit more than half that size. Its main body colour can be pale light brown to dark blue or almost purple; their colours change with moods and during mating sessions. The pearl cichlid has one dark spot which may visible on its body, located towards its tail; it also may display several black bands running top to bottom down its body. Its markings, which cover its body, are bright blue speckles which shine brightly in

56-492: Is very fertile and has always been a region of relatively dense population. Cities located on or near the river are Unlike rivers in northern Brazil where seasonal variations in water temperature generally are relatively limited, those in southern Brazil, such as Paraíba do Sul, exhibit distinct differences between winter and summer. During a survey of the river in Lorena, São Paulo , the water varied from 26.6 °C (79.9 °F) in

70-603: The United States, Australia, the Philippines , and Taiwan . This species is popular among aquarists . G. brasiliensis is part of a species complex that also includes the rarer G. diamantinensis , G. iporangensis , G. itapicuruensis , G. multiocellus , G. obscurus , G. rufomarginatus and G. santosi from the Brazilian state of Bahia (most species) or São Paulo ( G. iporangensis ). The males can reach

84-437: The approximately 70 introduced species , including 46 species of non-native fish and the parasitic copepod Lernaea cyprinacea . Several native species (e.g., Brycon insignis , Pogonopoma parahybae and Steindachneridion parahybae ) are seriously threatened, and a general fall in abundance and species richness has been observed. Some, such as the endemic Hypostomus auroguttatus , have successfully adapted to

98-523: The changes. The catfish Potamarius grandoculis is only known from the vicinity of the mouth of the Paraíba do Sul and Doce Rivers , but it may already be extinct . Other threatened species in the Paraíba do Sul basin are the bivalves Diplodon dunkerianus , D. expansus and D. fontaineanus , and the Hoge's side-necked turtle ( Mesoclemmys hogei ). A national conservation plan with recommendations for

112-487: The fish is often unclear until it reaches adult size, at which point the size difference between the genders becomes pronounced. Breeders often attempt to pair the fish without sexing them; two females may pair up in which case the fish lay eggs that never hatch. Once a male-female pair is found, they tend to yield 150–200 offspring after successfully mating. Unlike certain other species, they do not have to be separated from their young. In Australia, it has been released into

126-412: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraibuna_River&oldid=933039830 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Rio Paraiba do Sul Its main tributaries are

140-443: The river basin was published in 2010. Geophagus brasiliensis The pearl cichlid ( Geophagus brasiliensis ) is a species of fish in the cichlid family. It is native to southeastern Brazil (north to Bahia ), Paraguay , Uruguay and far northeastern Argentina, where it is found in rivers, lakes, and nearby slightly brackish lagoons. It has been introduced to several countries far from its native range, including

154-404: The river can be navigated: Elsewhere navigation is hampered by various obstacles; waterfalls , rapids , sections with great declivity and various hydroelectric works with no locks . Other factors impeding navigation are the existence of highway and railway bridges, the proximity of roads and railways following the riverbank and the location of several cities on its banks. The Paraíba Valley

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168-526: The rivers Jaguari , Buquira , Paraibuna , Preto , Pomba and Muriaé . These last two are the longest and join the main river 140 km (87 mi) and 50 km (31 mi) from the mouth respectively . The valley of the Paraíba do Sul ranges from the latitudes 20°26' and 23°39'S and the longitudes of 41° and 46°30'W and covers an area of about 57,000 km (22,000 sq mi) distributed over three states. The main economic activities are industry and cattle raising. Presently only two parts of

182-511: The small catfish Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis that only was scientifically described in 2013. As a consequence of flowing through one of the most densely populated and industrialised parts of Brazil, the Paraíba do Sul suffers from pollution. Studies of the native cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis have found that levels of some heavy metals exceed the limits set by the Brazilian Food Legislation. Other threats are dams and

196-469: The summer to 15.2 °C (59.4 °F) in the winter. The pH is neutral and generally fluctuates between 6 and 8. The Paraíba do Sul basin is home to just above 100 native fish species with most in the families Loricariidae , Characidae and Trichomycteridae . About 40% of the fish species in the river basin are endemic (the genus Oligobrycon is entirely restricted to the basin) and new species have been discovered in recent years, including

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