50-666: The División Profesional de la Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol ( locally [diβiˈsjom pɾofesjoˈnal de la asosjaˈsjom paɾaˈɣwaʝa ðe ˈfuðβol] ; "Professional Division of the Paraguayan Football Association "), also known as the Primera División ( IPA: [pɾiˈmeɾa ðiβiˈsjon] ; "first division"), or due to sponsorship reasons Copa de Primera TIGO-Visión Banco , is the top-flight professional football league in Paraguay. Currently, there are 12 teams in
100-549: A Sunday, July 8, 1906. Adolfo Riquelme, who was a well known Paraguayan journalist , was the organization's first president. In 1921, during the presidency of Enrique Pinho, the Paraguayan Football League joined the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). In 1925 it became a member of FIFA . In 1941 it changed its name to Liga Paraguaya de Football and in 1957 the name
150-531: A U-18 category. Since 2024 there are four women's tournaments: the one division league -called Campeonato Anual FEM-, Copa EFE, Copa Paraguay FEM and Supercopa FEM. Regarding futsal , it is organized in four categories: a premium league, the Honor Category, Primera and Intermedia. There is also a category for women. The APF also organizes two beach soccer championships, the Tournament of Stars and
200-478: A calque based on the word " Tupâ ", meaning God. In modern Paraguayan Guarani, the same word is rendered " komuño ". Following the out-migration from the reductions, these two distinct dialects of Guarani came into extensive contact for the first time. The vast majority of speakers abandoned the less colloquial, highly regulated Jesuit variant in favor of the variety that evolved from actual use by speakers in Paraguay. This contemporary form of spoken Guarani
250-614: A demographic shift that brought about a decidedly one-sided shift away from the Jesuit dialect that the missionaries had curated in the southern and eastern territories of the colony. By and large, the Guarani of the Jesuits shied away from direct phonological loans from Spanish. Instead, the missionaries relied on the agglutinative nature of the language to formulate new precise translations or calque terms from Guarani morphemes. This process often led
300-487: A nasal vowel, and if the consonant is voiced, it takes its nasal allophone. If a stressed syllable is nasal, the nasality spreads in both directions until it bumps up against a stressed syllable that is oral. This includes affixes , postpositions , and compounding. Voiceless consonants do not have nasal allophones, but they do not interrupt the spread of nasality. For example, However, a second stressed syllable, with an oral vowel, will not become nasalized: That is, for
350-426: A predicative possessive reading. Furthermore, the conjugations vary slightly according to the stem being oral or nasal. Negation is indicated by a circumfix n(d)(V)-...-(r)i in Guarani. The preverbal portion of the circumfix is nd- for oral bases and n- for nasal bases. For 2nd person singular, an epenthetic -e- is inserted before the base, for 1st person plural inclusive, an epenthetic -a-
400-548: A spectrum in which more Spanish is used for official and business-related matters, and more Guarani is used in art and in everyday life. Guarani is also an official language of Bolivia and of Corrientes Province in Argentina. Guarani became a written language relatively recently. Its modern alphabet is a subset of the Latin script (with "J", "K" and "Y" but not "W"), complemented with two diacritics and six digraphs . Its orthography
450-450: A vowel. The glottal stop , called puso in Guarani, is only written between vowels, but occurs phonetically before vowel-initial words. Because of this, some words have several glottal stops near each other that consequently undergo a number of different dissimilation techniques. For example, "I drink water" ʼaʼyʼu is pronounced hayʼu . This suggests that irregularity in verb forms derives from regular sound change processes in
500-501: A word with a single stressed vowel, all voiced segments will be either oral or nasal, while voiceless consonants are unaffected, as in oral /ᵐbotɨ/ vs nasal /mõtɨ̃/ . Guarani is a highly agglutinative language , often classified as polysynthetic . It is a fluid-S type active language , and it has been classified as a 6th class language in Milewski's typology . It uses subject–verb–object (SVO) word order usually, but object–verb when
550-414: Is a present somewhat aorist : Upe ára resẽ reho mombyry , "that day you got out and you went far". These two suffixes can be added together: ahátama , "I'm already going". This suffix can be joined with -ma , making up -páma : ñande jaikuaapáma nde remimoʼã , "now we came to know all your thought". These are unstressed suffixes: -ta, -ma, -ne, -vo, -mi ; so the stress goes upon
SECTION 10
#1732852813982600-435: Is based on an averaging system. At the end of each season, the two teams with the worst three-year averages are relegated, and the two best teams in the "División Intermedia" (second division) are promoted to Primera División. Copa Libertadores group stage Copa Libertadores qualifying round Copa Sudamericana qualifying round Since 2017, Paraguay have eight slots in international cups (four in
650-637: Is inserted. The postverbal portion is -ri for bases ending in -i , and -i for all others. However, in spoken Guarani, the -ri portion of the circumfix is frequently omitted for bases ending in -i . The negation can be used in all tenses, but for future or irrealis reference, the normal tense marking is replaced by moʼã , resulting in n(d)(V) -base- moʼã-i as in Ndajapomoʼãi , "I won't do it". There are also other negatives, such as: ani , ỹhỹ , nahániri , naumbre , naʼanga . The verb form without suffixes at all
700-457: Is known as Jopará , meaning "mixture" in Guarani. Widely spoken, Paraguayan Guarani has nevertheless been repressed by Paraguayan governments throughout most of its history since independence. It was prohibited in state schools for over 100 years. However, populists often used pride in the language to excite nationalistic fervor and promote a narrative of social unity. During the autocratic regime of Alfredo Stroessner , his Colorado Party used
750-586: Is largely phonemic , with letter values mostly similar to those of Spanish . The tilde is used with many letters that are considered part of the alphabet. In the case of Ñ/ñ , it differentiates the palatal nasal from the alveolar nasal (as in Spanish), whereas it marks stressed nasalisation when used over a vowel (as in Portuguese ): ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ, ỹ . (Nasal vowels have been written with several other diacritics: ä, ā, â, ã .) The tilde also marks nasality in
800-502: Is often translated as "ex-", "former", "abandoned", "what was once", or "one-time". These morphemes can even be combined to express the idea of something that was going to be but did not end up happening. So for example, paʼirãgue is "a person who studied to be a priest but didn't actually finish", or rather, "the ex-future priest". Some nouns use -re instead of -kue and others use -guã instead of -rã . Guarani distinguishes between inclusive and exclusive pronouns of
850-399: Is single match, on a neutral field that faces the champion of Primera División and the champion of Copa Paraguay , a competition created in 2018 with teams of all categories, including the federations that belong to UFI. There is also a category for the reserve of the football teams called Categoría Reserva and then the formative divisions from 14 to 19 years. The women's division also has
900-691: Is the omnibus governing body of football in Paraguay . It organizes the Paraguayan football league , including futsal and beach soccer, as well as and the Paraguay national football team . It is based in the city of Luque , near the capital city, Asunción . Football is the most popular sport in Paraguay. In the late 1890s William Paats brought soccer to Paraguay, when it was then played at an Asunción teacher's college. Escuela Normal de Maestros. In 1906, five existing Paraguayan football teams (Olimpia, Guaraní, Libertad, General Díaz, and Nacional) created
950-643: The Copa Libertadores de America and four in the Copa Sudamericana ). These eight slots will be filled by eight teams. In the Copa Libertadores, the winner of the Apertura and Clausura tournaments qualify automatically. The third (going into the second round play-off) and fourth (going into the first round play-off) representatives are the best placed non-champion teams from the accumulative table of both
1000-468: The Interior Football Union (UFI) -which consists of 17 federations, one for each department of the country, excluding the city of Asunción -, organizes the different championships. The most popular football teams in Paraguay are Olimpia , Cerro Porteño , Guaraní , Libertad and Nacional . All of them are from Asunción. The Supercopa Paraguay is a national cup played since 2021. It
1050-725: The Apertura and Clausura. In the Copa Sudamericana, the 4th, 5th and 6th best placed teams from the Apertura and Clausura accumulative table qualify for the first stage, alongside the winners of the Copa Paraguay . The following are the teams in the first division in 2024: Complete list of champions since 1906. Paraguayan football turned professional since the 1935 season. Paraguayan Football Association The Paraguayan Football Association ( Spanish : Asociación Paraguaya de Futbol [asosjaˈsjom paɾaˈɣwaʝa ðe ˈfuðβol] ; APF ) ( Guarani : Paraguái Mangapy Atyguasu ),
SECTION 20
#17328528139821100-478: The Jesuits to employ complicated, highly synthetic terms to convey European concepts. By contrast, the Guarani spoken outside of the missions was characterized by a free, unregulated flow of Hispanicisms; frequently, Spanish words and phrases were simply incorporated into Guarani with minimal phonological adaptation. A good example of that phenomenon is found in the word "communion". The Jesuits, using their agglutinative strategy, rendered this word " Tupârahava ",
1150-549: The Paraguayan people and neighboring communities. This is unique among American languages; language shift towards European colonial languages (in this case, the other official language of Spanish ) has otherwise been a nearly universal phenomenon in the Western Hemisphere , but Paraguayans have maintained their traditional language while also adopting Spanish. Jesuit priest Antonio Ruiz de Montoya , who in 1639 published
1200-565: The Spanish and IPA equivalents, although sometimes the open-mid allophones [ ɛ ] , [ ɔ ] are used more frequently. The grapheme ⟨y⟩ represents the vowel / ɨ / (as in Polish ). Considering nasality, the vowel system is perfectly symmetrical, each oral vowel having its nasal counterpart (most systems with nasals have fewer nasals than orals). Guarani displays an unusual degree of nasal harmony . A nasal syllable consists of
1250-465: The Women's Beach Soccer Tournament. The freedom of players to be contractually released and transfer between clubs and negotiate contracts (commonly called a " buyout clause ") has been controversial, and subject to both scholarly inquiry and legal proceedings. Guarani language Guarani ( / ˌ ɡ w ɑːr ə ˈ n iː , ˈ ɡ w ɑːr ən i / GWAR -ə- NEE , GWAR -ə-nee ), specifically
1300-507: The blind. Guarani syllables consist of a consonant plus a vowel or a vowel alone; syllables ending in a consonant or two or more consonants together do not occur. This is represented as (C)V . In the below table, the IPA value is shown. The orthography is shown in angle brackets below, if different. The voiced consonants have oral allophones (left) before oral vowels, and nasal allophones (right) before nasal vowels . The oral allophones of
1350-613: The case of G̃/g̃ , used to represent the nasalized velar approximant by combining the velar approximant G with the nasalising tilde . The letter G̃/g̃ , which is unique to this language, was introduced into the orthography relatively recently during the mid-20th century and there is disagreement over its use. It is not a precomposed character in Unicode , which can cause typographic inconveniences – such as needing to press "delete" twice in some setups – or imperfect rendering when using computers and fonts that do not properly support
1400-430: The complex layout feature of glyph composition. Only stressed nasal vowels are written as nasal. If an oral vowel is stressed, and it is not the final syllable, it is marked with an acute accent: á, é, í, ó, ú, ý . That is, stress falls on the vowel marked as nasalized, if any, else on the accent-marked syllable, and if neither appears, then on the final syllable. Guarani Braille is the braille alphabet used for
1450-510: The eventual tournament victor, a Spanish team. The Club Olimpia has been indomitable: 38 Paraguayan championship titles; 3 in the Copa Libertadores — the continental South American soccer tournament (1979, 1990, 2002); and Intercontinental cup . [REDACTED] Eber Aquino The football in Paraguay has four levels in men's tournaments (five in the interior of the country) and one division in women's tournaments. The Paraguayan Football Association with an affiliated association called
1500-484: The first champion in 1906, after defeating Olimpia in the final. The Primera División was founded in 1906 with 5 teams, and turned professional in 1935 when 10 clubs broke away from the amateur leagues to form a professional league. Since 1996 the format of tournament was changed to Torneo Apertura and Clausura, but since 2008 each tournament is independent. Traditionally, the dominance of Olimpia and Cerro Porteño went mostly unchallenged for decades. All of this changed at
1550-534: The first division. The most successful club is Olimpia , with 47 championships. Olimpia are also the most recent champions, having won the 2024 Clausura tournament. As of 2022, IFFHS ranked the league as the 10th strongest in the world and 3rd in South America. Liga Paraguaya's first game was played in 1906, after the director of the El Diario newspaper, Don Adolfo Riquelme, brought to his office on 18 June 1906,
Paraguayan Primera División - Misplaced Pages Continue
1600-410: The first person plural. Reflexive pronoun: je : ahecha ("I look"), ajehecha ("I look at myself") Guarani stems can be divided into a number of conjugation classes, which are called areal (with the subclass aireal ) and chendal . The names for these classes stem from the names of the prefixes for 1st and 2nd person singular. The areal conjugation is used to convey that
1650-528: The first written grammar of Guarani in a book called Tesoro de la lengua guaraní (Treasure/ Thesaurus of the Guarani Language) , described it as a language "so copious and elegant that it can compete with the most famous [of languages]". The name "Guarani" is generally used for the official language of Paraguay. However, this is part of a dialect chain , most of whose components are also often called Guarani. While Guarani, in its Classical form ,
1700-568: The football associations of Argentina, Uruguay and Chile to jointly bid to host the World Cup in 2030 . From its foundation in 1906 until it adopted its final name in 1998, the APF followed the following institutional trajectory:: LPF LPF APF The Paraguay national team appeared in the World Cup finals eight times, reaching the quarter-finals in the world FIFA event in South Africa (2010), losing to
1750-513: The former head of Club Nacional , as president. Harrison succeeded Alejandro Domínguez , who resigned to run for president of CONMEBOL, after Juan Ángel Napout stepped down from that role in December 2015. In 2019, APF hired Argentinian Eduardo Berizzo as manager of Paraguay's national men's team. Paraguay have not previously hosted the FIFA World Cup . In August 2022, APF joined up with
1800-407: The governing body of football in Paraguay, the Paraguayan Football League. In 1998 it adopted its current name. On June 18, 1906, the representatives of the five existing football teams in Paraguay at that time ( Olimpia , Guaraní , Libertad , General Díaz , and Nacional ) met to establish the Paraguayan Football League, named Liga Paraguaya de Football Association. The first match was played on
1850-424: The history of Guarani. There also seems to be some degree of variation between how much the glottal stop is dropped (for example aruʼuka > aruuka > aruka for "I bring"). It is possible that word-internal glottal stops may have been retained from fossilized compounds where the second component was a vowel-initial (and therefore glottal stop–initial) root. /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/ correspond more or less to
1900-404: The language to appeal to common Paraguayans although Stroessner himself never gave an address in Guarani. Upon the advent of Paraguayan democracy in 1992, Guarani was established in the new constitution as a language equal to Spanish. Jopará, the mixture of Spanish and Guarani, is spoken by an estimated 90% of the population of Paraguay. Code-switching between the two languages takes place on
1950-530: The language. Variants of the language are spoken by communities in neighboring countries including parts of northeastern Argentina , southeastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil , and is a second official language of the Argentine province of Corrientes since 2004. Guarani is also one of the three official languages of Mercosur , alongside Spanish and Portuguese . Guarani is the most widely spoken Native American language and remains commonly used among
2000-484: The last syllable of the verb or the last stressed syllable. The close and prolonged contact Spanish and Guarani have experienced has resulted in many Guarani words of Spanish origin. Many of these loans were for things or concepts unknown to the New World prior to Spanish colonization . Examples are seen below: English has adopted a small number of words from Guarani (or perhaps the related Tupi ) via Portuguese, mostly
2050-519: The names of animals or plants. " Jaguar " comes from jaguarete and " piraña " comes from pira aña ("tooth fish" Tupi: pirá 'fish', aña 'tooth'). Other words are: " agouti " from akuti , " tapir " from tapira , " açaí " from ĩwasaʼi ("[fruit that] cries or expels water"), " warrah " from aguará meaning "fox", and " margay " from mbarakaja'y meaning "small cat". Jacaranda , guarana and mandioca are words of Guarani or Tupi–Guarani origin. Ipecacuanha (the name of
Paraguayan Primera División - Misplaced Pages Continue
2100-460: The nasal allophone is always [ ɲ ] . The dorsal fricative is in free variation between [ x ] and [ h ] . ⟨g⟩ , ⟨gu⟩ are approximants, not fricatives, but are sometimes transcribed [ ɣ ] , [ ɣʷ ] , as is conventional for Spanish. ⟨gu⟩ is also transcribed [ɰʷ] , which is essentially identical to [ w ] . All syllables are open, viz. CV or V, ending in
2150-665: The participant is actively involved , whereas the chendal conjugation is used to convey that the participant is the undergoer . However, the areal conjugation is also used if an intransitive verb expresses an event as opposed to a state , for example manó 'die', and even with a verb such as ké 'sleep'. In addition, all borrowed Spanish verbs are adopted as areal as opposed to borrowed adjectives, which take chendal . Intransitive verbs can take either conjugation, transitive verbs normally take areal , but can take chendal for habitual readings. Nouns can also be conjugated, but only as chendal . This conveys
2200-517: The primary variety known as Paraguayan Guarani ( avañeʼẽ [ʔãʋãɲẽˈʔẽ] "the people's language"), is a South American language that belongs to the Tupi–Guarani branch of the Tupian language family . It is one of the official languages of Paraguay (along with Spanish ), where it is spoken by the majority of the population, and where half of the rural population are monolingual speakers of
2250-645: The representatives of the five existing football teams in Paraguay at that time ( Olimpia , Guaraní , Libertad , General Díaz , and Nacional ) to create the governing body of football in Paraguay: the Liga Paraguaya de Fútbol (known today as Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol ). The representatives were William Paats and Junio Godoy (Olimpia) Ramón Caballero, Manuel Bella and Salvador Melián (Guaraní), Juan Escalada (Libertad), César Urdapilleta (General Díaz), and Vicente Gadea (Nacional). The Liga Paraguaya saw Club Guaraní as
2300-597: The subject is not specified. The language lacks gender and has no native definite article but, due to influence from Spanish, la is used as a definite article for singular reference and lo for plural reference. These are not found in Classical Guarani ( Guaraniete ). Guarani exhibits nominal tense: past, expressed with -kue , and future, expressed with -rã . For example, tetã ruvichakue translates to "ex-president" while tetã ruvicharã translates to "president-elect." The past morpheme -kue
2350-579: The turn of the 21st century. Since then, Libertad has been the most dominant club, while Nacional and Guaraní have also experienced success at the local level. The league is currently contested by 12 teams that play home and away games in a round-robin format . The league is traditionally divided into two halves: the Torneo Apertura (Opening Tournament) from February to July, and the Torneo Clausura (Closing Tournament) from July to December. Relegation
2400-405: The voiced stops are prenasalized . There is also a sequence /ⁿt/ (written ⟨nt⟩ ). A trill /r/ (written ⟨rr⟩ ), and the consonants /l/ , /f/ , and /j/ (written ⟨ll⟩ ) are not native to Guarani, but come from Spanish. Oral /ᵈj/ is often pronounced [ dʒ ] , [ ɟ ] , [ ʒ ] , [ j ] , depending on the dialect, but
2450-473: Was Hispanicized as Liga Paraguaya de Fútbol. On December 3, 1998, its name was changed to its current denomination, Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol, which coincidentally is one of the names that had been adopted by a dissident football association that brought together some teams, which would later join the League, and which organized championships between 1911 and 1917. In 2016, APF appointed Robert Harrison ,
2500-484: Was the only language spoken in the expansive missionary territories, Paraguayan Guarani has its roots outside of the Jesuit Reductions . Modern scholarship has shown that Guarani was always the primary language of colonial Paraguay, both inside and outside the reductions. Following the expulsion of the Jesuits in the 18th century, the residents of the reductions gradually migrated north and west towards Asunción ,
#981018