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21-565: The underpass extends from approximately North 3rd Avenue to North 3rd Street. At 2,887 feet (880 m), it ranks as the 42nd longest vehicular tunnel in the United States. The underpass was the last section of Interstate 10 to be completed nationwide. There is a plaque dedicated to the commemoration of the tunnel in Margaret T. Hance Park , which sits above the structure. Voters in Arizona voted down

42-424: A central arena surrounded by perimeter seating tiers. The seating tiers were pierced by entrance-ways controlling access to the arena floor, and isolating it from the audience. Temporary wooden structures functioning as amphitheaters would have been erected for the funeral games held in honour of deceased Roman magnates by their heirs, featuring fights to the death by gladiators , usually armed prisoners of war, at

63-719: A particular rock formation naturally amplifies or echoes sound, making it ideal for musical and theatrical performances. An amphitheatre can be naturally occurring formations which would be ideal for this purpose, even if no theatre has been constructed there. Notable natural amphitheatres include the Drakensberg Amphitheatre in South Africa , Slane Castle in Ireland , the Supernatural Amphitheatre in Australia , and

84-538: A similar plan to build the tunnel in 1975, after voting down a proposal for a raised highway through Downtown Phoenix in 1973. Plans for the Deck Park Tunnel were finally approved by voters in 1979, and construction began in 1983. The tunnel was opened to traffic on August 10, 1990, following a three-day open house that attracted 100,000 people. The tunnel was originally named the Papago Freeway Tunnel, but

105-479: Is divided into two tubes, each carrying five lanes of one-way traffic flanked by two emergency lanes. Each of the two tubes can carry up to 16,000 vehicles per hour. Between the two tubes exists a tube containing two lanes, designed as an express transit terminal for city buses. The terminal was originally planned to be built next to the Central Avenue bridge over Margaret T. Hance Park . Passengers disembarking at

126-619: Is named after Margaret Hance , who was the first female mayor of the city and advocate for the park. The park is located next to the Burton Barr Library , Phoenix Center For The Arts, Japanese Friendship Garden (or Rohō-en), Irish Cultural Center and McClellan Library , Cutler Plotkin Jewish Heritage Center , and Kenilworth Elementary School. In 2014, the City of Phoenix first announced its plans to 'revitalize' Hance Park. The goal

147-850: The Phoenix Trolley Museum to an unknown location. 33°27′42″N 112°04′33″W  /  33.4616°N 112.0758°W  / 33.4616; -112.0758 Amphitheatre An amphitheatre ( U.S. English : amphitheater ) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον ( amphitheatron ), from ἀμφί ( amphi ), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον ( théātron ), meaning "place for viewing". Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded

168-404: The (by now demolished) Gibson Amphitheatre and Chicago International Amphitheatre . In other languages (like German ) an amphitheatre can only be a circular performance space. A performance space where the audience is not all around the stage can not be called an amphitheatre—by definition of the word. A natural amphitheatre is a performance space located in a spot where a steep mountain or

189-592: The 5th century and of staged animal hunts in the 6th, most amphitheatres fell into disrepair. Their materials were mined or recycled. Some were razed, and others were converted into fortifications. A few continued as convenient open meeting places; in some of these, churches were sited. In modern english usage of the word, an amphitheatre is not only a circular, but can also be a semicircular or curved performance space, particularly one located outdoors. Contemporary amphitheatres often include standing structures, called bandshells , sometimes curved or bowl-shaped, both behind

210-539: The Hance Dog Park, which opened in October 2013, could be considered the first of these planned improvements. In 2016, the City of Phoenix revealed their first Hance Park Master plan. It was announced that the park would undergo a ten-year $ 118 million face lift, which would add an Amphitheatre and skate park , amongst other things. It was also determined that two historic trolleys would be moved from their current spot at

231-493: The area of the Roman Empire . Their typical shape, functions and name distinguish them from Roman theatres , which are more or less semicircular in shape; from the circuses (similar to hippodromes ) whose much longer circuits were designed mainly for horse or chariot racing events; and from the smaller stadia , which were primarily designed for athletics and footraces. Roman amphitheatres were circular or oval in plan, with

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252-505: The central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium . In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle , with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area. Modern english parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round , and stadia . They can be indoor or outdoor. About 230 Roman amphitheatres have been found across

273-640: The funeral pyre or tomb of the deceased. These games are described in Roman histories as munera , gifts, entertainments or duties to honour deceased individuals, Rome's gods and the Roman community. Some Roman writers interpret the earliest attempts to provide permanent amphitheaters and seating for the lower classes as populist political graft, rightly blocked by the Senate as morally objectionable; too-frequent, excessively "luxurious" munera would corrode traditional Roman morals. The provision of permanent seating

294-613: The stage and behind the audience, creating an area which echoes or amplifies sound, making the amphitheatre ideal for musical or theatrical performances. Small-scale amphitheatres can serve to host outdoor local community performances. Notable modern amphitheatres include the Shoreline Amphitheatre , the Hollywood Bowl and the Aula Magna at Stockholm University. The term "amphitheatre" is also used for some indoor venues, such as

315-467: The terminal will take an escalator or an elevator to the surface, and continue their journey. While the bus lanes were built, the City of Phoenix was unable to secure the over $ 20 million needed in Federal Government funds to complete the project. The tube is currently unused, and the approaches on both sides of the tunnel are gated off. In times of heavy traffic or in the event of a fire in

336-452: The tube, fans can be started up to provide ventilation, in order to prevent the dangerous buildup of carbon monoxide . There are eight fans and four fan rooms, and each fan can run anywhere from 250 to 700 horsepower. The fans are automatically turned on when air sensors in the tunnel are triggered, and can replace the tunnel's air in less than five minutes. The underpass has a large diesel generator approximately 160 feet (50 m) east of

357-522: The westbound entrance to the tunnel, ensuring that the lighting , video surveillance , and intercoms have continuous power even during an outage. For the safety of motorists, emergency telephone cabinets are located every 150 feet (46 m) within the tunnel. Margaret T. Hance Park Margaret T. Hance Park is a public park above the Deck Park Tunnel in Phoenix, Arizona , United States. It

378-639: Was no standard size; the largest could accommodate 40,000–60,000 spectators. The most elaborate featured multi-storeyed, arcaded façades and were decorated with marble , stucco and statuary. The best-known and largest Roman amphitheatre is the Colosseum in Rome , also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre ( Amphitheatrum Flavium ), after the Flavian dynasty who had it built. After the ending of gladiatorial games in

399-501: Was renamed the Dean Lindsey Memorial Tunnel on May 7, 2024 in honor of the late civil engineer who oversaw the project. ADOT officials concede the term "tunnel", in this case, is a misnomer, because it is actually a series of 19 side-by-side bridge overpasses. The term, however, is now deeply rooted in local vocabulary. The bridges over the tunnel are about 150 feet (46 m) to 250 feet (76 m) long. The tunnel

420-594: Was thought a particularly objectionable luxury. The earliest permanent, stone and timber Roman amphitheatre with perimeter seating was built in the Campus Martius in 29 BCE. Most were built under Imperial rule, from the Augustan period (27 BCE–14 CE) onwards. Imperial amphitheatres were built throughout the Roman Empire, especial in provincial capitals and major colonies, as an essential aspect of Romanitas . There

441-534: Was to transform Hance Park into a landmark park in Phoenix's Downtown core, similar to urban parks in other cities such as New York's Central Park or Chicago's Millennium Park . Proposed changes included the addition of a skate park, amphitheatre, restaurant, zip-line, splash pad, coffee bar, beer garden, dog park and more. Although completed before the announcement of the Hance Park Revitalization project,

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