62-591: (Redirected from Pap ) [REDACTED] Look up pap or PAP in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. PAP or Pap may refer to: Places [ edit ] Ancient Pap , an archaeological site in Uzbekistan Pap, Hungary , a village in northeastern Hungary Paps of Anu , near Killarney , Ireland Paps of Fife in Scotland Paps of Jura , on
124-569: A Dutch word for porridge Pap, a colloquial term for some types of baby food , particularly those homemade from soft bread Pap or mieliepap (Afrikaans for maize porridge), a traditional porridge/polenta and staple food in South Africa Pap or Maiden Paps are rounded breast-shaped hills located mostly in Scotland Pap or Bilz y Pap , a brand name of soft drinks in Chile PAP,
186-404: A Dutch word for porridge Pap, a colloquial term for some types of baby food , particularly those homemade from soft bread Pap or mieliepap (Afrikaans for maize porridge), a traditional porridge/polenta and staple food in South Africa Pap or Maiden Paps are rounded breast-shaped hills located mostly in Scotland Pap or Bilz y Pap , a brand name of soft drinks in Chile PAP,
248-614: A Major General each. The 1st Mobile Contingent is based in Shijiazhuang , Hebei , south of Beijing . The Contingent covers northern and central China, including Beijing . The 1st Mobile Contingent consists of: The 2nd Mobile Contingent is headquartered in Fuzhou , with units concentrated in Fujian and surrounding provinces along the coast (covering eastern and southern China). The 2nd Mobile Contingent consists of: The incumbent Commander
310-592: A code for paper in recycling codes 20, 21, and 22 PAP, IATA code for Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince, Haiti Perth–Augusta–Perth , a cycling event in Western Australia PAP-k, k primes in arithmetic progression in mathematics Post-activation potentiation, a physiological response utilized in sports training and especially in Complex training Pre-authorized payment,
372-420: A code for paper in recycling codes 20, 21, and 22 PAP, IATA code for Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince, Haiti Perth–Augusta–Perth , a cycling event in Western Australia PAP-k, k primes in arithmetic progression in mathematics Post-activation potentiation, a physiological response utilized in sports training and especially in Complex training Pre-authorized payment,
434-420: A formation equivalent in rank to a PLA Division, is stationed, with the exception of Macau and Hong Kong . The provincial command is deputy corps leader grade ( Chinese : 副军级 ; pinyin : Fùjūnjí ), with the exception of Xinjiang and Beijing Commands, which are senior in rank ( Chinese : 正军级 ; pinyin : Zhèngjūnjí ; lit. 'corps leader grade'). A provincial Contingent
496-468: A key regulatory enzyme in lipid metabolism Plasmin-α 2 -antiplasmin complex , an inactive complex of plasmin and antiplasmin Polyadenylate polymerase , an enzyme involved in creation of mRNA tails Positive airway pressure , a method of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea Prostatic acid phosphatase , an enzyme produced by the prostate Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis ,
558-472: A method for detecting abnormalities in the cells of a woman's cervix Phosphatidic acid phosphatase , a key regulatory enzyme in lipid metabolism Plasmin-α 2 -antiplasmin complex , an inactive complex of plasmin and antiplasmin Polyadenylate polymerase , an enzyme involved in creation of mRNA tails Positive airway pressure , a method of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea Prostatic acid phosphatase , an enzyme produced by
620-695: A political party in Malaysia People's Armed Police , a paramilitary police force in China Polish Press Agency ( Polska Agencja Prasowa ), a news agency in Poland Power to the People (Italy) , a coalition of political parties in Italy Technology [ edit ] Password Authentication Protocol Permissible Actions Protocol in cybersecurity Policy Administration Point, in
682-507: A rare lung disorder Chemistry [ edit ] Phenthoate or PAP, an insecticide poisonous to humans Purple acid phosphatases , metalloenzymes that hydrolyse phosphate esters and anhydrides Phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid , a bleaching agent Organizations [ edit ] Pan-African Parliament , a legislative body of the African Union People's Action Party (disambiguation) People's Alternative Party ,
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#1732848694472744-416: A term sometimes used for Direct debit An internet slang for Post a Picture Paap , a 2003 Indian Hindi-language film Paap (TV series) , an Indian Bengali-language web series Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title PAP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
806-416: A term sometimes used for Direct debit An internet slang for Post a Picture Paap , a 2003 Indian Hindi-language film Paap (TV series) , an Indian Bengali-language web series Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title PAP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
868-621: Is Major General Chen Hongwu, while the Political Commissar is Major General Yang Zhenguo. After the 2017, the People's Armed Police is no longer subordinated to the local government authorities but instead subordinated to the Armed Police Headquarters. Instead, the People's Armed Police is composed of echelons corresponding to all government levels, from the Provincial (including Autonomous Regions or Municipalities directly under
930-699: Is a Chinese paramilitary organization primarily responsible for internal security , riot control , counter-terrorism , disaster response , law enforcement and maritime rights protection as well as providing support to the People's Liberation Army (PLA) during wartime. Unlike the civilian People's Police , the PAP is a specialized paramilitary force reporting directly to the Central Military Commission (CMC). PAP officers and soldiers wear dark olive green uniforms, different from pine green uniforms of
992-485: Is a Corps Leader Grade command, and thus it is led by a major general. The mobile organization emerging from 2018 reforms consists of two large formations tasked with providing support to the whole national territory, should the need arise; These two Mobile Contingents ( Chinese : 机动总队 ; pinyin : Jīdòng Zǒngduì ) have a similar structure and are considered corps leader grade ( Chinese : 正军级 ; pinyin : Zhèngjūnjí ), one level higher than all of
1054-537: Is headquartered in Langfang , of Hebei . The People's Armed Police Academy started to recruit cadets in 1984; since 1997, it has begun to issue bachelor's degrees; in 2003 it was allowed to issue master's degrees. According to a 2019 source, it is subordinate to the Ministry of Public Security. The PAP Academy is a Corps Leader Grade command, and thus it is led by a major general who serves as Superintendent. All graduates to
1116-670: Is internal security. The first law on the People's Armed Police, the Law on the People's Armed Police Force (PAPF), was passed in August 2009, giving it statutory authority to respond to riots, terrorist attacks or other emergencies. Such units guard government buildings at all levels (including party and state organizations, foreign embassies and consulates), provide security to public corporations and major public events, as well as counter-terrorism and handling of public emergencies. Some units perform guard duty in civilian prisons and provide executioners for
1178-677: Is jointly held by the CCP central committee and the Central Military Commission (CMC), with the PAP no longer subordinate to the State Council. The reform was reportedly carried out in order to deprive the local Chinese Communist Party authorities of the power to use the PAP units to commit abuses or against the leadership in Beijing, especially after the Wang Lijun incident in which the PAP
1240-632: The Eastern Bloc such as the East German Alert Units , adapted to the specific military-political culture and thinking of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leadership. The history of the People's Armed Police is as long as that of the People's Republic, and its origin can be traced back to the People's Liberation Army, which was responsible for both defending the nation from foreign invasions and maintaining internal security. Although
1302-871: The Kilpatrick Hills , Scotland Maiden Paps , twin hills south of Hawick in the Scottish Borders , Scotland Maiden Paps , another name for the Tunstall Hills near Sunderland , Tyne and Wear , England Maiden's Pap , another name for Schiehallion, Perth and Kinross , Scotland Pap of Glencoe in the Scottish Highlands Pap, Uzbekistan , a town and the administrative center of Pap District Pap District , Uzbekistan People [ edit ] Pap (surname) Pap (given name) Pap (nickname) Biology and medicine [ edit ] Nipple or teat Pap test or Pap smear,
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#17328486944721364-687: The Party and State leaders and to keep the public order in the capital . The Central Column provided security for the inauguration ceremony of the People's Republic. From December 1949 to May 1950, regional security forces, along with the now dissolved Central Column, had been consolidated into divisions under the PSF. The PSF was assigned to the PLA and became the PLA Public Security Force in September 1950, and
1426-549: The People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF) or the light blue and black uniforms of the People's Police. The PAP is estimated to have a total strength of 1.5 million. It was established in its current form in 1982, but similar security forces have operated since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. During the Maoist era, the PAP's predecessors were the Chinese People's Public Security Force , initially under
1488-423: The Scottish Highlands Pap, Uzbekistan , a town and the administrative center of Pap District Pap District , Uzbekistan People [ edit ] Pap (surname) Pap (given name) Pap (nickname) Biology and medicine [ edit ] Nipple or teat Pap test or Pap smear, a method for detecting abnormalities in the cells of a woman's cervix Phosphatidic acid phosphatase ,
1550-564: The Wakhan Corridor and in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region . The People's Armed Police is the main force for both bilateral and trilateral counterterrorism operations (mainly reconnaissance patrols in remote areas), being deployed south of Shaymak; the PAP has also conducted training for Tajik security forces. The People's Armed Police Headquarters is the leading and commanding organ that directs and administers all
1612-662: The XACML markup language Printer Access Protocol, a network protocol for talking to printers in an AppleTalk network Push Access Protocol , part of the Wireless Application Protocol suite Firearms [ edit ] PAP M59 , nicknamed Papovka , Yugoslav variants of Soviet SKS semi-automatic military rifles Zastava PAP series , Poluautomatska puška (semi-automatic rifle/pistol), Serbian sporting weapons Other [ edit ] pap, Papiamento or Papiamentu ISO 639-2 and 639-3 language code Pap,
1674-543: The XACML markup language Printer Access Protocol, a network protocol for talking to printers in an AppleTalk network Push Access Protocol , part of the Wireless Application Protocol suite Firearms [ edit ] PAP M59 , nicknamed Papovka , Yugoslav variants of Soviet SKS semi-automatic military rifles Zastava PAP series , Poluautomatska puška (semi-automatic rifle/pistol), Serbian sporting weapons Other [ edit ] pap, Papiamento or Papiamentu ISO 639-2 and 639-3 language code Pap,
1736-498: The 2015 Counter-terrorism Law. According Armed Police Force University professor Zhou Jian, counterterrorism is a task provided by law for the People's Armed Police and operating missions abroad is an “irreplaceable means”. The People's Armed Police sent personnel abroad to receive training or provide training and participates in counter-terrorism exercises, especially across Central Asia in bilateral and multilateral agreements. PAP special operations forces are also deployed in
1798-545: The 2018 reforms, Specialist Corps other than the Transportation Corps have been placed under other ministries. China Coast Guard (CCG) was transferred from State Council to PAP command, and the Transportation Corps has some units under the Mobile Contingents. The Border Defense Corps and Guards Corps have been absorbed by the Ministry of Public Security (MPS). The Firefighting and Forestry Corps were merged with
1860-501: The African Union People's Action Party (disambiguation) People's Alternative Party , a political party in Malaysia People's Armed Police , a paramilitary police force in China Polish Press Agency ( Polska Agencja Prasowa ), a news agency in Poland Power to the People (Italy) , a coalition of political parties in Italy Technology [ edit ] Password Authentication Protocol Permissible Actions Protocol in cybersecurity Policy Administration Point, in
1922-561: The Chinese embassies of Baghdad and Kabul for the purposes of protection of diplomatic staff and property. Since 2011, the People's Armed Police has also conducted operations along the Mekong river with the security forces of Thailand , Myanmar and Cambodia . These operations are aimed against organized crime. Since 2014, the People's Republic of China established a security cooperation with Tajikistan and Afghanistan on Afghan border, near
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1984-667: The Coast Guard. The People's Armed Police Headquarters, placed at Theater Command Grade, include five Departments directly under the Headquarters: Being of Theatre Command Grade, the People's Armed Police is led by a full General. The People's Armed Police has a number of training institutions, likely overseen by the Training Bureau of the Staff Department. New constables of the People's Armed Police are drawn from
2046-682: The MPS, and later the Public Security Corps which was under the command of the PLA. The PAP has been compared by both Chinese and foreign scholars with the gendarmerie forces found in many countries, most famously the French Gendarmerie , but the main inspiration for the PAP's establishment and operation came from the Internal Troops of the Soviet Union and related paramilitary forces of
2108-878: The PLA Public Security Corps in July 1955, reporting under the Central Military Commission of the CCP and the National Defense Council of the People's Republic. Luo Ruiqing was appointed as the commander and political commissar of the PSF in September 1950 and remained on the posts until 1959, retaining the command of the PSF. As of 1960, the Public Security Corps was organised in 8,200-strong Public Security Divisions, which were deemed not capable of independent, sustained, full-scale combat operations. After numerous reorganizations and transfers of control between
2170-404: The PLA and the MPS, the People's Armed Police was created on 19 June 1982, combining the previous armed police, border guards and fire brigades . The headquarter was set up in the MPS as a subordinate department. The establishment of the PAP highlighted the efforts to increase the professionalization of the security apparatus, as well as the absorption of numerous PLA demobilized personnel, in
2232-527: The PLAN in naval operations. While the People's Armed Police is principally charged with internal security and guarding key facilities and installations, it also operates as part of the international security efforts of the People's Republic of China, against both terrorism and organized crime. Mathieu Duchâtel for The National Bureau of Asian Research identifies the legal basis of the PAP missions abroad in Article 71 of
2294-532: The People's Armed Police had a dual command structure including the Central Military Commission (CMC) and the State Council through the Ministry of Public Security (MPS). Prior to the 2018 reform, the People's Armed Police was further divided into eight corps: Internal Guard, Gold, Forestry, Hydropower, Transportation, Border Defense, Firefighting, and Safeguard Corps. The Internal Guard Corps, which makes up for
2356-474: The People's Armed Police. However, the People's Armed Police also conducts exclusive patrols. The PAP maintains both a division-sized mechanized infantry unit and a rapid deployment light motorized infantry unit, these units are tasked with responding to any possible armed mutinies by PLA soldiers. In wartime deployments the PAP can act as light infantry supporting the PLAGF in local defense missions and in support of
2418-478: The Public Security Corps, were then under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS). By law however, the PAP operates separately from the PLA. and, in terms of conducting public security operations and relevant capability building, the PAP Headquarters is under the leadership and command of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS). From 1 January 2018, command of the People's Armed Police
2480-551: The Specialist Corps were responsible in constructing and maintaining highways and roads, surveying mineral deposits, fighting forest fires, and constructing large scale waterworks like dams and levees as well as for water works maintenance. The PAP is also called upon in emergency rescue and disaster relief operations within the PRC via the specialist and public security forces which can be forward deployed during such operations. With
2542-486: The academy are commissioned into the PAP as Second Lieutenants (equivalent of Ensigns for those commissioned into the Coast Guard). The People's Armed Police Logistics Academy is a training body aimed to train People's Armed Police personnel in handling logistics. According to Unit Tracker, the university include subjects as applied economics, military and paramilitary logistics, as well as engineering. The Logistics Academy
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2604-546: The bottom. The three olive stripes represents the People's Armed Police responsible for the three main tasks and force composition of maintaining national political security and social stability, maritime rights protection and law enforcement, and defense operations. On 21 March 2018, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party unveiled a reform plan for the People's Armed Police Force. Under this plan,
2666-474: The bulk of PAP, is under the PAP Headquarters and reports thus to the party central committee and the CMC (Central Military Commission). The Gold, Forestry, Hydropower, and Transportation Corps, collectively known as the Specialist Corps, were by then under the joint leadership of PAP Headquarters and their respective ministries in the State Council. The Border Defense, Firefighting, and Guard Corps, collectively known as
2728-907: The central government) to the Township levels; the territorial organization is that of the PAP Internal Guard Corps ( Chinese : 内卫部队 ; pinyin : Nèiwèi Bùduì ). Prior to 2017, Provincial level Contingents were subordinate both to the Armed Police headquarters and the provincial government. The thirty-one Internal Guard Contingents are responsible for security duty of important political and economic facilities and government buildings at all levels (including party and state organizations, foreign embassies, and consulates), municipal armed patrol, and security duty for senior government officials. Within each provincial level division , an IGC Contingent ( Chinese : 总队 ; pinyin : Zǒngduì ),
2790-469: The establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the paramilitary public security force has been reorganized numerous times. The current designation since 1982, the People's Armed Police , was first used between 1959 and 1963. The People's Armed Police is formally regulated by the People's Armed Police Law of the People's Republic of China ( 中华人民共和国人民武装警察法 ), adopted and effective since 27 August 2009. The People's Armed Police's primary mission
2852-446: The fire department of the MPS and reorganized as China Fire and Rescue (CF&R), it was placed under the Ministry of Emergency Management . The Gold Corps and Hydropower Corps have been transformed into state-owned enterprises under the supervision of the relevant State Council ministries ( Ministry of Natural Resources and China National Gold Group Corporation and China Aneng Construction Corporation, respectively). From
2914-570: The force was officially established in 1982, its constituent units stretch back to 1949. In July 1949, the CMC decided to establish the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) with Luo Ruiqing as its minister to organize the public security forces in the nation. In August 1949, several security and public order units of the Fourth Field Army were consolidated into the Central Column of the Chinese People's Public Security Force (PSF) to guard
2976-656: The free dictionary. PAP or Pap may refer to: Places [ edit ] Ancient Pap , an archaeological site in Uzbekistan Pap, Hungary , a village in northeastern Hungary Paps of Anu , near Killarney , Ireland Paps of Fife in Scotland Paps of Jura , on the western side of the island of Jura , in the Inner Hebrides , Scotland Paps of Lothian in Scotland Maiden Paps , twin hills in Caithness , Scotland Maiden Paps , twin hills in
3038-496: The general military conscription pool, but they are trained in the People's Armed Police basic training units. According to Zi Yang, the state of the education and training system as of 2016 suffered of issues which negatively affected the quality of education. The People's Armed Police Academy tasked with officer education and training for duties related to the missions entrusted to the People's Armed Police, including, since 2001, UN peacekeeping. The People's Armed Police Academy
3100-490: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PAP&oldid=1208993812 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages pap (Redirected from Pap ) [REDACTED] Look up pap or PAP in Wiktionary,
3162-408: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PAP&oldid=1208993812 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages People%27s Armed Police The People's Armed Police Force
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#17328486944723224-544: The maintenance of public order. The People's Armed Police assists the regular police in operations where violent opposition is expected, in roadblocks and the protection of crime scenes. The People's Armed Police is also involved in anti-crime campaigns. In order maintenance activities, the People's Armed Police uses the preventive patrol, under the leadership of the public security organs, and sometimes in conjunction with them. When dealing with mass incidents, with gang activities and other risk situations, responsibility shifts to
3286-530: The mid and late 1990s, CCP general secretary Jiang Zemin significantly expanded and strengthened the PAP, with more than 100,000 new troops. Jiang praised the PAP, describing it as " a major force for maintaining state security and social stability, the People's Armed Police shoulders a massive and formidable burden " and deployed it extensively in Xinjiang and Tibet . Up until 2013, the China Coast Guard
3348-521: The non-combatant elements of the PAP, the Gold, Forestry, Hydropower, Border Defense, Firefighting, and Guard Corps, are to be removed and the CCG is to be consolidated with PAP. As of March 2018, the PAP is working with the Central Committee and the relevant organs for the transfer of non-combatant elements into civil service. The Transportation Corps is the only remaining component of the Specialist Corps. Until 2018,
3410-399: The prostate Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis , a rare lung disorder Chemistry [ edit ] Phenthoate or PAP, an insecticide poisonous to humans Purple acid phosphatases , metalloenzymes that hydrolyse phosphate esters and anhydrides Phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid , a bleaching agent Organizations [ edit ] Pan-African Parliament , a legislative body of
3472-592: The provincial contingents other than Xinjiang and Beijing Commands. Units of the Mobile Contingents mostly originate from former 14 PAP's Divisions. Each Mobile Contingent maintains a Staff, a Political Work Department and a Discipline Inspection Department at the Deputy Corps Leader Grade. The mobile Contingents, like their predecessor 14 Divisions, are mainly responsible for dealing with terrorism, violent crime, riots, and public security threats. Being of Corps leader grade, Mobile Contingents are led by
3534-494: The state. The PAP also maintains tactical counter-terrorism (CT) units such as the Snow Wolf Commando Unit (SWCU) and various Special Police Units (SPUs). In the Chinese policing system, the People's Armed Police concentrates on managing protests otherwise referred to as "mass incidents" and protecting important facilities and events, while the public security officers focus on handling crime and issues related to
3596-401: The units and provides guidance to it. The PAP has a commander, a political commissar and several deputy commanders and deputy political commissars. The PAP also has departments responsible for logistical and political matters and several speciality departments. Following adjustment and reorganization, the People's Armed Police is mainly composed of the territorial forces, the mobile forces, and
3658-406: The wake of growing unrest. The PAP was led by both the local government and superior PAP forces, which is called "Dual-Leadership" (双重领导) . In practice, the local government (including the local party committee, local people's government and the local public security bureau) carries more weight. However, there were many confusions and loopholes caused by this ambiguous organization structure. In
3720-511: The western side of the island of Jura , in the Inner Hebrides , Scotland Paps of Lothian in Scotland Maiden Paps , twin hills in Caithness , Scotland Maiden Paps , twin hills in the Kilpatrick Hills , Scotland Maiden Paps , twin hills south of Hawick in the Scottish Borders , Scotland Maiden Paps , another name for the Tunstall Hills near Sunderland , Tyne and Wear , England Maiden's Pap , another name for Schiehallion, Perth and Kinross , Scotland Pap of Glencoe in
3782-633: Was a part of the PAP. In 2013, it was separated and transferred to the direct control of the Ministry of Public Security and the State Oceanic Administration . However, in March 2018, it was announced that the Coast Guard would be placed under the People's Armed Police Force once again since the State Oceanic Administration was disbanded, but now as an independent branch reporting directly to PAP headquarters. Until 31 December 2017,
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#17328486944723844-561: Was allegedly abused by provincial party secretary Bo Xilai to surround the US Consulate in Chongqing after a falling out with Wang , the police chief of Chongqing at the time. Under the 2018 reforms, local authorities now need central approval in order to deploy the PAP. On 10 January 2018, the PAP received a new flag following the design of the branch flags of the PLA with three olive stripes at
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