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51-583: Panyu lies at the heart of the Pearl River Delta , its boundary straddles from latitudes 22.26' to 23.05', and sprawls from longitudes 113.14' to 113.42'. Facing the Lion Sea in the east and the estuary of the Pearl River in the south, its eastern border is separated from Dongguan by a strip of water, and the western border of Panyu is adjacent to the cities of Nanhai , Shunde and Zhongshan , while it abuts

102-624: A "Turn The Pearl River Delta Into One" project. The stated goal was to "mesh the transport, energy, water and telecommunications networks of the nine cities together." (Hong Kong and Macau were not included.) However, the Chinese government denied that such a project existed. The Pearl River Delta is notoriously polluted. After thirty years of rapid industrialization, the Pearl River Delta has in parts been famed for pollution. Acid rain , smog , water pollution , and electronic waste contribute to

153-418: A Clean Production Audit according to Article 28 of China's Cleaner Production Promotion Law . Guangdong Environmental Protection Bureau took a stance against the companies by blacklisting them. Pearl River Delta is a strong source of greenhouse gases as well. Although it is hard to estimate overall greenhouse gas emissions from such a large megacity, scientists have shown that Pearl River Delta exhibits one of

204-414: A later date. With Line 2 heading south to Nanzhou station but turning east and terminating near what today would be Lijiao station on Line 3 . Therefore, reservations to facilitate the dismantling of the line between those Jiangtai Lu and Xiaogang were made during construction. Additionally, the report proposed that the northern section of Line 2 will be extended with two branches splitting at around what

255-457: A long list of health problems such as cancer , endocrine disruption , renal failure and damage to the nervous system as well being known to harm the environment. Three of the five facilities sampled (Qingyuan Top Dragon Co. Ltd, Wing Fung P.C. Board Co. Ltd. and Techwise Qingyuan Circuit Co. Ltd. ) contained concentrations of chemicals which exceeded the limits set by Guangdong provincial effluent standards. These companies were then subjected to

306-531: A part of the Guangfo Line . On December 29, 2002, the first section of Line 2 from Sanyuanli to Xiaogang opened for trial operation with nine stations. The section is 8.9 kilometres (5.53 mi) long. Upon opening, it was the first metro line in Mainland China to be equipped with platform screen doors , central air conditioning, rigid overhead line and contactless transit card faregates. On June 28, 2003,

357-475: A platform for serving global and Chinese markets. As of 2008, the Central Government has introduced new labor laws, environmental and other regulations to reduce pollution, industrial disputes, produce safer working conditions and protect the environment. The costs of producing low margin and commodity goods have increased. This is on top of the rising cost for energy, food, transport and the appreciation of

408-610: A report, "Poisoning the Pearl River" that detailed the results of a study it conducted in which 25 samples were collected from five manufacturing facilities in the Greater Pearl River Delta. The study concluded that all the facilities sampled were discharging waste-water containing chemicals with proven or suspected hazardous properties including beryllium , copper , manganese , and heavy metals , as well as high levels of organic chemicals. These substances are associated with

459-517: A road connection across the Pearl River between Hong Kong, Macau, and Zhuhai, and is regularly traversed by buses and other public transit. There are daily high-speed catamaran services throughout the PRD region. The PRD is covered by seven civilian airports, with five in mainland China and two in special administrative regions. Two of the mainland airports have international flights. Mainland China: Special administrative regions: Another new airport in

510-419: Is at the southern end of a larger megalopolis running along the southern coast of China, which include metropolises such as Hong Kong , Shenzhen , Guangzhou , Macao . The nine largest cities of the PRD had a combined population of 86 million in 2022, the PRD has become the largest urban area in the world in both size and population. The region's traditional language is Cantonese ; in the late 20th century and

561-531: Is today Lianhe Park (联和公园) where: In the 2000 metro plan, the Line 2 alignment was again revised to its current alignment. The Jianggao Branch Line was removed and the section to the new airport was also reduced to what is today Jiahewanggang station additionally the section between Jiahewanggang and Sanyuanli stations was shifted east to run under the central axis of the now abandoned Old Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport site. The section north of Jiahewanggang to

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612-558: The Development zone of the Nansha District . Under its various Subdistricts and Towns (and in the one Development zone), Panyu has 305 administration villages (行政村) - i.e. 305 village governments. There are other 'natural villages' (自然村) which administratively count as being in one or another of the administration villages. Statistics shows that in the year of 1998, the GDP in the district

663-574: The Guangzhou Metro is a north–south line on the system that runs from Guangzhou South Railway Station to Jiahewanggang , with a total length of 31.4 km (19.51 mi) with 24 stations. All stations in Jiahe Line are underground. Line 2's color is blue. The line previously ran together with Line 8 on a single route between Sanyuanli and Wanshengwei stations until the extensions to both lines officially opened on 25 September 2010 and Line 8

714-470: The renminbi against the falling US dollar . Some manufacturers will need to cut costs by moving up the value chain or moving to more undeveloped regions. The Pearl River Delta established itself as the factory location of choice for global companies that were headquartered in Hong Kong in the 1980s. The industrial output of the Pearl River Delta was generated in the main by state-owned enterprises. Meanwhile

765-690: The 21st century, due to the high inflow of migrant workers coming from other regions, Mandarin has gradually become a lingua franca . The west side of this region, along with Chaoshan , was also the source of much Chinese emigration from the 19th to the mid 20th centuries, including to the Western world , where they formed many Chinatowns . Today, much of the Chinese diaspora in the US , Canada , Australia , Latin America , and much of Southeast Asia traces their ancestry to

816-600: The Bei Jiang, the Xi Jiang opens up and flows as far east as Nansha District and as far west as Xinhui . Major distributaries of the Xi include Donghui Shuidao, Jiya Shuidao, Hutiaomen Shuidao, Yinzhou Hu, and the main branch of the Xi Jiang. Jiangmen and Zhongshan are the major cities found in the western section of the delta. The Bei Jiang enters the delta plains at Qingyuan but does not begin to split until near Sanshui . From here

867-443: The PRD (Shenzhen, Dongguan), dominated by foreign capital, is the most developed economically. The western areas (Foshan, Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Jiangmen), dominated by local private capital, are open for development. New transport links between Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai in the PRD are expected to open up new areas for development, further integrate the cities, and facilitate trade within the region. The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge , and

918-622: The Panyu District: Panyu has a cooperational agreement with: Pearl River Delta The Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary , where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea . Referred to as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in official documents, the region is one of the most densely populated and urbanized regions in

969-405: The Pearl River Delta accounted for 9.1 percent of China's GDP. These figures show the remarkable level of economic development to which the Pearl River Delta has been subjected in order to become an 'Economic Zone', as well as the international orientation of the region's economy. This orientation has attracted numerous investors from all over the world who use the Greater Pearl River Delta region as

1020-668: The Pearl River Delta. PRD is served by six different metro systems throughout the metropolitan area consisting of Guangzhou Metro , Shenzhen Metro , MTR , FMetro , Macau Light Rail Transit and Dongguan Rail Transit . In addition, the Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway provides regional transit between cities of the PRD. The entire PRD is fully covered by railway, high-speed rail, or intercity-rail services. All cities are served by buses and taxis, while some cities may still offer motorcycle service. The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge provides

1071-530: The area is frequently covered with a brown smog. This has a strong effect on the pollution levels in the delta. On 22 March 2007 the World Bank approved a $ 96 million loan to the PRC government to reduce water pollution in the Pearl River Delta. On December 23, 2008, it was announced that ¥48.6 billion (about $ 7.1 billion) will be spent on the river by mid-2010 to clean up the river's sewage problems quoted by Zhang Hu ,

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1122-540: The core branch of the Pearl River . The Bei Jiang and Xi Jiang converge to flow into the South China Sea and Pearl River in the west, while the Dong Jiang only flows into the Pearl River proper in the east. The Xi Jiang begins exhibiting delta-like characteristics as far west as Zhaoqing , although this city is not usually considered a part of the PRD region. After passing through the Lingyang Gorge and converging with

1173-496: The delta. It begins diverging northeast of Dongguan into many distributaries, including the Dongguan Shuidao. Distributuares enter the Pearl River as far north as Luogang and as far south as Hu Men (Tiger Gate) . Saltwater crocodiles were present within the Pearl River estuary during antiquity. As well as the delta itself, the term Pearl River Delta refers to the dense network of cities that covers nine prefectures of

1224-475: The director of Guangzhou municipal bureau of water affairs. The city will build about 30 water treatment plants , which will treat 2.25 million tonnes of water per day. The program hopes to cut down the amount of sewage in the area by 85%, and was also of fundamental importance for the 2010 Asian Games held in Guangzhou from November 12, 2010, to November 27, 2010. In October 2009 Greenpeace East Asia released

1275-512: The downtown of Guangzhou in the north. The site of the People's government of Panyu is Shiqiao which is 17 km (11 mi) from downtown Guangzhou and 38 and 42 nautical miles (70 and 78 km) from the cities of Hong Kong and Macau, respectively. Shiqiao may have once been called "Stone Bridge town", but because of war, the characters changed, so Shiqiao was rewritten using the characters for "city" and "bridge". The Chinese settlement at Panyu

1326-503: The fastest growing province in the fastest growing large economy in the world. The industrial cities in the Pearl River Delta have been called the "Factory of the World" or the "World's Factory" due to the presence of industrial parks populated with factories from foreign investments. However, the target market of the delta region's exports has become increasingly domestic rather than foreign. Dongguan , Zhongshan , Nanhai , and Shunde are

1377-565: The four cities known as the Four Guangdong Dragons for their high growth rates and rapid development from late the 1980s to the 2000s. Although the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone encompasses only 0.4 percent of the land area and only 3.2 percent of the 2000 census population of mainland China, it accounted for 8.7 percent of GDP, 35.8 percent of total trade, and 29.2 percent of utilised foreign capital in 2001. By 2016

1428-456: The industrial output of collective-owned enterprises diminished over time, with private enterprises and joint ventures increasing their share of the Pearl River Delta's industrial output to 37.5 percent by the mid-1990s. Today urban areas with the assistance of the municipal governments in the Pearl River Delta are attempting to rebrand industrial output as originating from "the world's tech lab" or "design studio". The Pearl River Delta has become

1479-419: The late 1990s had already shown intentions to split the now under construction Line 2 around Jiangtai Road with the "Seven-Line Program". It was important to note that during the publishing of this plan, sections of Line 2 were already under construction in accordance to the original cross shaped plan. As a result, the line was proposed to be split between what is today Jiangtai Road and Xiaogang stations at

1530-445: The main high-speed railway station serving Guangzhou, is situated within the boundaries of Panyu District. Panyu Public Transport operates buses in the district. Panyu is currently service by four metro lines operated by Guangzhou Metro : The Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center includes more than ten higher education institutions. Schools for Chinese students: International schools: People born in or with family links to

1581-2289: The mainland — Pearl River Delta International Airport — located in Gaoming District , Foshan — is under construction. Districts: Yuexiu , Liwan , Haizhu , Tianhe , Baiyun , Huangpu , Panyu , Huadu , Nansha , Zengcheng , Conghua New Area: Nansha Districts: Futian , Luohu , Nanshan , Yantian , Bao'an , Longgang , Pingshan , Longhua , Guangming New District: Dapeng Districts: Xiangzhou , Doumen , Jinwan New Area: Hengqin Districts: Chancheng , Nanhai , Shunde , Sanshui , Gaoming Subdistricts: Dongcheng , Guancheng , Nancheng , Wanjiang Towns: Chang'an , Changping , Chashan , Dalang , Dalingshan , Daojiao , Dongkeng , Fenggang , Gaobu , Hengli , Hongmei , Houjie , Huangjiang , Humen , Liaobu , Machong , Qiaotou , Qingxi , Qishi , Shatian , Shijie , Shilong , Shipai , Tangxia , Wangniudun , Xiegang , Zhangmutou , Zhongtang Subdistricts: Dongqu , Nanqu , Shiqi , Xiqu , Wuguishan Subdistrict , ZTHIDZ (Zhongshangang) Towns: Banfu , Dachong , Dongfeng , Dongsheng , Fusha , Gangkou , Guzhen , Henglan ,l Huangpu , Nanlang , Nantou , Minzhong , Sanjiao , Sanxiang , Shaxi , Shenwan , Tanzhou , Xiaolan New Area: Cuiheng Districts: Jianghai , Pengjiang , Xinhui County-level Cities: Enping , Taishan , Kaiping , Heshan Districts: Huicheng , Huiyang Counties: Boluo , Huidong , Longmen Districts: Duanzhou , Dinghu , Gaoyao Counties: Guangning , Huaiji , Fengkai , Deqing County-level City: Sihui Districts: Central and Western , Eastern , Southern , Wan Chai , Kowloon City , Kwun Tong , Sham Shui Po , Wong Tai Sin , Yau Tsim Mong , Islands , Kwai Tsing , North , Sai Kung , Sha Tin , Tai Po , Tsuen Wan , Tuen Mun , Yuen Long Freguesia: Nossa Senhora de Fátima , Santo António , São Lázaro , Sé , São Lourenço , Nossa Senhora do Carmo , São Francisco Xavier Zone: Cotai A 2011 article in British newspaper The Telegraph reported on

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1632-475: The most economically dynamic regions of the People's Republic of China since the launch of China's reform programme in 1979. With annual gross domestic product growth of 13.45 percent over three decades since 1978, it is 3.5 percentage points higher than the national average. Since 1978 almost 30 percent of all foreign investment in China was in the PRD. In 2007 its GDP rose to US$ 448 billion which makes its economy about

1683-537: The new airport was replaced by a new Airport Express line that later became Line 3. The original alignment between Jiahewanggang and Sanyuanli stations would later be proposed as the now under construction Phase 2 extension of Line 14 in 2008. In the southern end of Line 2, instead of heading east, the line was redesigned to head further south to what was at the time known as Guangzhou New Passenger Station ( Guangzhou South railway station ). The section heading east between Nanzhou to today's Lijiao station eventually became

1734-407: The perceived problems. In travel literature the Pearl River Delta has been titillated as among the most attractive "pollution day trips from Hong Kong". Treatment facilities for sewage and industrial waste are failing to keep pace with the growth in population and industry in the area. A large portion of the pollution is brought about by factories run by Hong Kong manufacturers in the area. Much of

1785-546: The present material object remnants, there are those of Southeast Asian, Indian, and even African origin. Yuexiu District , most of Baiyun and Huangpu Districts , and parts of parts of Liwan , Haizhu , and Tianhe Districts were originally part of Panyu County but were ceded to Guangzhou as it expanded. In January 1975, Panyu County is under Guangzhou's administration. In 1992, Panyu County renamed to Panyu county-level city and still under Guangzhou's administration. It renamed to Panyu District on 10 July 2000. By 28 April 2005,

1836-571: The project was formally approved by the National Development and Reform Commission , and started construction in August. The project will dismantle the original L-shaped Line 2 and extend it to the south, west and north; transforming Line 2 into a north–south line and spinning off the east–west section into Line 8 . The total estimated cost of the project is 14.729 billion yuan. In 2010, the entire Line 2 from Sanyuanli Station to Wanshengwei Station

1887-418: The proposed Shenzhen–Zhongshan Bridge , currently in the planning phase, will be amongst the longest bridges in the world with a total length of approximately 50 km (31 mi) each. Until 1985, the PRD had been mainly dominated by farms and small rural villages, but after the economy was reformed and opened, a flood of investment turned it into the land's economic powerhouse. The PRD's startling growth

1938-596: The province of Guangdong, namely Dongguan , Foshan , Guangzhou , Huizhou , Jiangmen , Shenzhen , Zhaoqing , Zhongshan and Zhuhai and the SARs of Hong Kong and Macau . The 2010/2011 State of the World Cities report, published by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme , estimates the population of the delta region at 120 million people; it is rapidly urbanising. The eastern side of

1989-411: The section from Xiaogang to Pazhou were put into service. Fully completing the first phase of Line 2, with a length of 18.28 kilometres (11.36 mi). The total cost of Line 2's first phase was estimated to be 11.309 billion yuan, with an average cost of 486 million yuan per kilometer. During the construction of the first phase of Line 2 there were already plans to modify its alignment. In June 2007,

2040-417: The size of Taiwan's and by 2019 this figure has increased to US$ 2.0 trillion or about the same size as Canada . The abundance of employment opportunities created a pool of wealthy, middle-income, professional consumers with an annual per capita income that puts them among China's wealthiest. Since the onset of China's reform program, the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone has been the fastest growing portion of

2091-675: The southern part of Panyu was split off as the new Nansha District . On 30 September 2012, three southern towns of Panyu— Dongchong , Dagang , and Lanhe —were removed to Nansha 's jurisdiction. Panyu district administers ten subdistricts ( 街道 ) and six towns ( 镇 ). The district executive, legislature and judiciary are based in the Shiqiao , together with the CPC and PSB branches. On 1 December 2012 three towns ( Dongchong , Dagang , & Lanhe ) were transferred to Nansha District . The following towns have been abolished, some by absorption into

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2142-1066: The strongest anomalies in carbon dioxide concentration around the world. This enhancement is easily discernible from satellite observations. 22°32′N 113°44′E  /  22.533°N 113.733°E  / 22.533; 113.733 Direct-administered municipalities . Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals . Separate state-planning cities . Special economic-zone cities . Open coastal cities . Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by Oroqen Autonomous Banner , Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it. Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China. The claimed province of Taiwan no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan instead. Line 2, Guangzhou Metro Line 2 of

2193-542: The two main distributaries are Tanzhou Shuidao and Shunde Shuidao which form multiple mouths along the west side of the Pearl River's estuary. Two other distributaries, Lubao Yong and Xinan Yong, split from the Bei further north and converge with the Liuxi He to form the main branch of the Pearl River just north of Guangzhou . The other major city in the north section of the delta is Foshan . The Dong Jiang flows through Huizhou into

2244-507: The west side of this region. The river delta, also known as the Golden Delta of Guangdong , is formed by three major rivers, the Xi Jiang (West River), Bei Jiang (North River), and Dong Jiang (East River). The flat lands of the delta are criss-crossed by a network of tributaries and distributaries of the Pearl River. The Pearl River Delta is actually two alluvial deltas, separated by

2295-515: The world's goods were produced in the Greater Pearl River Delta, with a total export value of US$ 289 billion. Over 70,000 Hong Kong companies had factory plants in the Greater Pearl River Delta. In the Pearl River Delta an extensive system of container feeder shipping has been established. This system of containerization also serves ports within the same region. The container port of Shenzhen has surpassed Hong Kong as major hub with Guangzhou serving as another significant container shipping hub for

2346-542: The world's workshop and is a major manufacturing base for products such as electronics , garments and textiles , plastic products, and a range of other goods. Private-owned enterprises have developed quickly in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone and are playing an increasing role in the region's economy, particularly after year 2000 when the development environment for private-owned enterprises has been greatly relaxed. In 2001 nearly five percent of

2397-637: The world, and is considered a megacity by numerous scholars. It is currently the wealthiest region in Southern China and one of the wealthiest regions in China along with the Yangtze River Delta in Eastern China and Jingjinji in Northern China . Most of the region is part of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone , which is a special economic zone of China. The region is a megalopolis , and

2448-491: Was 33.25 billion yuan , an increase of 13% over the previous year, and the GDP per capita was 35.5 thousand Yuan, an increase of 11%, compared with the previous year. The amusement park operator Chimelong has its headquarters on the grounds of Chimelong Paradise in the district. Guangzhou Metro Lines 2 and 3 serve parts of Panyu District. Line 2 was extended into the district in Sept. 2010. Guangzhou South railway station ,

2499-591: Was established by the Qin armies under Zhao Tuo during their first failed invasion of the Baiyue in Guangdong in 214 BC. There are at least 11 separate theories on the etymology of the name. Upon the fall of the Qin , Zhao Tuo established Panyu as the capital of his kingdom of Nanyue in 204 BC. Archaeological evidence shows that it was a burgeoning commercial center: among

2550-412: Was fueled by foreign investment coming largely from Hong Kong manufacturers that moved their operations into the PRD. In 2003, Hong Kong companies employed 11 million workers in their PRD operations. Lately there have been extreme labour shortages in the region due to runaway economic growth which caused wages to rise by about 20 to 30 percent in the past two years. The Pearl River Delta has been one of

2601-574: Was split off from Line 2. In 1987, when the Guangzhou Municipal Government along with SYSTRA started planning a metro system, four proposals appeared at the time. After soliciting public opinion, the plan for the “cross shaped network” was finally formed. The section of the north–south L-shaped line between Xinshi to Chigang stations in the proposal became the core initial section of Line 2. The "Guangzhou Urban Rapid Rail Transit Network Planning Report" (广州市城市快速轨道交通线网规划研究) published in

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