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42-667: This is the site of the Pantabangan Dam and Lake. Located in the northern part of Nueva Ecija, Pantabangan is located at the foot of Mt. Mabilog below Mt. Dalimanok which are found between Sierra Madre and Caraballo Mountain ranges. It is home to the Pantabangan–Carranglan Watershed Forest Reserve . Pantabangan is 51 kilometres (32 mi) from Cabanatuan , 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Palayan , 167 kilometres (104 mi) from Manila , and 139 kilometres (86 mi) from Bayombong . The place

84-472: A resettlement policy called reductions , smaller, scattered barangays were consolidated (and thus "reduced") to form compact towns. Each barangay was headed by the cabeza de barangay (barangay chief), who formed part of the principalía , the elite ruling class of the municipalities of the Spanish Philippines. This position was inherited from the first datus and came to be known as such during

126-457: A 6 m (20 ft) diameter penstock . When the water is discharged, it is released into a 250 m (820 ft) long tailrace channel where it re-enters the river. In 2024, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources unveiled its strategic 2023 to 2028 plan of Pantabangan Aquaculture Park Project expansion by creating more fish cages made of petroleum-based High-density polyethylene in

168-521: A parade. Since the completion of the dam, the site of the old town has become visible during times of extremely low water levels in the reservoir coinciding with the El Niño phenomenon , with recorded instances occurring in 1983, 2014, 2020 and 2024, sparking an influx of visitors to the site, particularly the cross of the Saint Andrew Church constructed in 1825. A modern cross was erected in to replace

210-694: A rise in numerous accommodation and lodging establishments such as hotels, motels, inns, and resorts near the Pantabangan Lake, making it a popular ecotourism site. Some notable places include Highland Bali Villas Resort and Spa, Lake Farm de La Marre Agri-Tourism Park, and George Point. The Pandawan Festival made its debut in April 2008, showcasing many local talents as well as other entertainments including indigenous art activities like art workshop and rural development thru art awareness programs. It features cooking contests, dance competitions and street dancing, and

252-405: A single source, Juan de Plascencia's 1589 report Las costumbres de los indios Tagalos de Filipinas . However, historian Damon Woods challenges the concept of a barangay as an indigenous political organization primarily due to a lack of linguistic evidence. Based on indigenous language documents, Tagalogs did not use the word barangay to describe themselves or their communities. Instead, barangay

294-441: A surface area of 69.62 km (27 sq mi) and elevation of 230 m (755 ft) when at its maximum level. The reservoir's life is estimated at 107 years due to silt from denudation . The dam was designed to withstand an intensity 8 earthquake. The power house is located at the base of the main dam and contains two 60 MW Francis turbine -generators for an installed capacity of 120 MW. Each turbine receives water via

336-588: Is argued to be a Spanish invention resulting from an attempt by the Spaniards to reconstruct pre-conquest Tagalog society. The first barangays started as relatively small communities of around 50 to 100 families. By the time of contact with the Spaniards, many barangays had developed into large communities. The encomienda of 1604 shows that many affluent and powerful coastal barangays in Sulu , Butuan , Panay , Leyte , Cebu , Pampanga , Pangasinan , Pasig , Laguna , and

378-793: Is because most of the people were relying on fishing for their supply of protein and their livelihood. They also traveled mostly by water, up and down rivers and along the coasts. Trails always followed river systems, which were also a major source of water for bathing, washing, and drinking. The coastal barangays were more accessible to trade with foreigners. These were ideal places for economic activity to develop. Business with traders from other countries also meant contact with other cultures and civilizations, such as those of Japan , Han Chinese , Indians , and Arabs . These coastal communities acquired more cosmopolitan cultures with developed social structures (sovereign principalities), ruled by established royalties and nobilities. During Spanish rule , through

420-588: Is sometimes stopped and continued, In the absence of an SK, the council votes for a nominated Barangay Council president, and this president is not like the League of the Barangay Councilors, which is composed of barangay captains of a municipality. The Barangay Justice System, or Katarungang Pambarangay , is composed of members commonly known as the Lupon Tagapamayapa ( justice of the peace ). Their function

462-659: Is the only town in the Philippines which boasts of three hydroelectric plants within its territorial jurisdiction. Pantabangan is politically subdivided into 14 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Tagalog is predominantly spoken in Pantabangan followed by Ilocano dialect. People of Pantabangan "Pantabangenian" are also known for their very distinct strong Pantabangan accent, called "Adyu-ari". Poverty incidence of Pantabangan Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Pantabangan has since saw

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504-463: Is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines . Named after the precolonial polities of the same name , modern barangays are political subdivisions of cities and municipalities which are analogous to villages , districts, neighborhoods, suburbs , or boroughs . The word barangay originated from balangay , a type of boat used by a group of Austronesian peoples when they migrated to

546-469: Is to conciliate and mediate disputes at the barangay level to avoid legal action and relieve the courts of docket congestion. Barangay elections are non-partisan and are typically hotly contested. Barangay captains are elected by first-past-the-post plurality (no runoff voting ). Councilors are elected by plurality-at-large voting , with the entire barangay as a single at-large district. Each voter can vote for up to seven candidates for councilor, with

588-803: The Cagayan River were flourishing trading centers. Some of these barangays had large populations. In Panay, some barangays had 20,000 inhabitants; in Leyte (Baybay), 15,000 inhabitants; in Cebu, 3,500 residents; in Vitis (Pampanga), 7,000 inhabitants; and in Pangasinan, 4,000 residents. There were smaller barangays with fewer people, but these were generally inland communities, or if they were coastal, they were not located in areas that were good for business pursuits. These smaller barangays had around thirty to one hundred houses only, and

630-591: The People Power Revolution , though older people would still use the term barrio . The Municipal Council was abolished upon the transfer of powers to the barangay system. Marcos used to call the barangay part of Philippine participatory democracy, and most of his writings involving the New Society praised the role of baranganic democracy in nation-building. After the People Power Revolution and

672-795: The Liberation, combined military forces of the Philippine Commonwealth Army , the Philippine Constabulary , the United States Army and the U.S. Army Air Forces recaptured the town and defeated Japanese soldiers in the Battle of Pantabangan. In 1950, Sitio Lublub was converted into a barrio in the municipality, separated from Barrio Marikit. Lublub became part of the municipality of Alfonso Castañeda in Nueva Vizcaya upon

714-583: The Luzon grid. The present Pantabangan town has 14 barangays and a total land area of about 41,735 hectares. The succeeding years since its relocation saw its progress from a fifth-class municipality in 1975, then to a fourth-class, then to a second class Municipality in 2006 and finally, in July 2008, pursuant to Section 2 of the Department of Finance Order No. 23-08, Pantabangan was reclassified as First-Class Municipality. It

756-485: The Pantabangan reservoir for tilapia grow-out culture . “Anticipated to amplify local fish production, the Pantabangan Aquaculture Park is poised to benefit not only the province but the entire Central Luzon region,” BFAR regional director Wilfredo Cruz said. Barangay The barangay ( / b ɑːr ɑː ŋ ˈ ɡ aɪ / ; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy. ), historically referred to as barrio ,

798-642: The Pantabangan site were carried out and the planning of the site lasted two years. By June 11, 1971, President Ferdinand Marcos and many others arrived for a ground breaking ceremony of the dam site in Palayupay, Pantabangan , Nueva Ecija , to signal the beginning of the construction of the Dam. The dam went into operation in February 1977 and its construction was completed later in May. Approximately 1,300 people were relocated from

840-612: The Philippines. All municipalities and cities in the Philippines are politically subdivided into barangays, with the exception of the municipalities of Adams in Ilocos Norte and Kalayaan in Palawan , each containing a single barangay. Barangays are sometimes informally subdivided into smaller areas called purok (English: " zone " ), or barangay zones consisting of a cluster of houses for organizational purposes, and sitios , which are territorial enclaves —usually rural —far from

882-658: The Spanish regime. The Spanish monarch, who also collected taxes (called tribute) from the residents for the Spanish Crown, ruled each barangay through the cabeza . When the Americans arrived , "slight changes in the structure of local government was effected". Later, Rural Councils with four councilors were created to assist, now renamed Barrio Lieutenant; they were later renamed Barrio Council and then Barangay Council ( Sangguniang Barangay ). The Spanish term barrio (abbr. Bo.)

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924-440: The barangay center. As of July 2024 , there are 42,004 barangays throughout the country. When the first Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century, they found well-organized, independent villages called barangays . The name barangay originated from balangay , a certain type of traditional boat in many languages in the Philippines. Early Spanish dictionaries of Philippine languages make it clear that balangay

966-656: The cleanest in the Philippines. Construction on the dam began in 1971 and it was completed in 1977. This Dam is Build to Help the Farmers in this place, and help by the Miss Diva Star Organization in 2021 Pantabangan was an old town of around 300 years old. In May 1969, the Congress of the Philippines authorized the development of the Pampanga Basin with Republic Act No. 5499. In October of that year, detailed studies of

1008-509: The council are the barangay captain, seven barangay councilors, and the chairman of the Youth Council, or Sangguniang Kabataan (SK). Thus, there are eight members of the legislative council in a barangay. The council is in session for a new solution or a resolution of bill votes, and if the counsels and the SK are at a tie, the barangay captain uses their vote. This only happens when the SK, which

1050-416: The dam is 12 m (39 ft) wide while the widest part of its base is 535 m (1,755 ft). The dam's crest sits at an elevation of 232 m (761 ft) and is composed of three sections: the main dam, a saddle dam, and an auxiliary dam located with the spillway . The spillway is a chute-type controlled by three radial gates but equipped with an overflow section as well. The design discharge of

1092-588: The drafting of the 1987 Constitution , the Municipal Council was restored, making the barangay the smallest unit of Philippine government. The first barangay elections held under the new constitution were held on March 28, 1989, under Republic Act No. 6679. The last barangay elections were held in October 2023 . The next elections will be held in December 2025. The modern barangay is headed by elected officials,

1134-694: The expansion of the dam through the Casecnan Project in the 1990s, the belfry of the 18th century church resurfaced from the dam's summer low water level. During drought in 1983, some areas of the old town emerged. The Pantabangan Dam is claimed to be the second largest dam in Asia, and supplies the irrigation requirements for about 77,000 hectares (190,000 acres) of agricultural lands in Central Luzon. Its power station generates 112 megawatts of hydroelectric power. In February 1996, then President Fidel V. Ramos led

1176-615: The ground-breaking ceremony of the Casecnan Transbasin Project, a 27 kilometres (17 mi) tunnel from the Casecnan River in Nueva Vizcaya to a terminal point at the Pantabangan reservoir and was commissioned on December 11, 2001. The project aims to augment the capacity of the dam to irrigate an additional 50,000 hectares (120,000 acres) of agricultural land and generate an additional 140 megawatts of hydroelectric power for

1218-625: The latter's creation in 1979. In May 1966, the Philippine Congress passed the Upper Pampanga River Project Act (Republic Act 5499) authorizing the construction of the Pantabangan Dam and its appurtenant structures. The groundbreaking ceremony led by then President Ferdinand Marcos took place on June 11, 1971. The project was finally completed in August 1974. The construction of the Dam had great economic and social impact on

1260-410: The lives of Pantabangeños. About 8,100 hectares (20,000 acres) of productive farmland and the town center (East and West Poblacion ) along with seven outlying barangays (Villarica, Liberty, Cadaclan, San Juan, Napon-Napon, Marikit and Conversion) were submerged under the new lake. Residents were relocated to higher ground overlooking the vast reservoir, which became the new Pantabangan town center. Before

1302-424: The old during one of its reappearances. The site, which also contains the ruins of the old public cemetery including headstones , foundations of the old municipal hall with its historical town marker, the town plaza and old tree trunks , has been designated as a cultural heritage zone by the municipal government. Much of Pantabangan's population rely on public transportation such as tricycles and jeeps to get around

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1344-471: The population varied from 100 to 500 persons. According to Miguel López de Legazpi , he founded communities with only 20 to 30 people. Traditionally, the original "barangays" were coastal settlements formed by the migration of these Malayo-Polynesian people (who came to the archipelago) from other places in Southeast Asia ( see chiefdom ). Most of the ancient barangays were coastal or riverine. This

1386-542: The root Ilongot word "Sabangan or Sabanganan" that means "junction of water streams". It was learned that most of the places in the area were derived from Ilongot words like Caanaoan , Puncan , Cadanglaan (now Carranglan ), Kabaritan (Now San Jose City ) and others. Bungamong (Bongabon) and Cadanglaan was formerly sitio of Pantabangan and Kabaritan also part of Pantabangan. When the Second World War broke out, Japanese Imperial forces occupied Pantabangan in 1942. During

1428-432: The spillway is 4,200 m /s (148,322 cu ft/s). The dam's reservoir has a gross capacity of 2,996,000,000 m (2,428,897 acre⋅ft) and 2,083,000,000 m (1,688,716 acre⋅ft) of that volume is active (or useful) for irrigation and power. The dam sits at the head of a 853 km (329 sq mi) catchment area known as the Pantabangan–Carranglan Watershed Forest Reserve and its reservoir has

1470-488: The topmost being the barangay captain . The barangay captain is aided by the Sangguniang Barangay (Barangay Council), whose members, called barangay kagawad ("councilors"), are also elected. The barangay is often governed from its seat of local government , the barangay hall . The council is considered a local government unit (LGU), similar to the provincial and municipal governments. The officials that make up

1512-455: The town and the dam's reservoir zone. Since the operations of the dam started in February 1977, the site of the old town of Pantabangan has become visible during times of extremely low water levels in the reservoir coinciding with the El Niño phenomenon , with recorded instances occurring in 1983, 2014, 2020 and 2024, sparking an influx of visitors to the site, particularly the cross of the Saint Andrew Church constructed in 1825. A modern cross

1554-640: The town. Pantabangan Dam Pantabangan Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Pampanga River located in Pantabangan in Nueva Ecija province of the Philippines. The multi-purpose dam provides water for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation while its reservoir, Pantabangan Lake, affords flood control . The reservoir is considered one of the largest in Southeast Asia and also one of

1596-405: The winners being the seven candidates with the most votes. Typically, a ticket consists of one candidate for barangay captain and seven candidates for councilors. Elections for the post of punong barangay and the barangay kagawads are usually held every three years, starting in 2007. A barangay tanod , or barangay police officer, is an unarmed watchman who fulfills policing functions within

1638-562: Was erected to replace the old one during one of its reappearances. The site, which also contains the ruins of the old public cemetery including headstones , foundations of the old municipal hall with its historical town marker, the town plaza and old tree trunks , has been designated as a cultural heritage zone by the municipal government. The dam is a 107 m (351 ft) tall and 1,615 m (5,299 ft) long embankment-type with 12,000,000 cu yd (9,174,658 m ) of homogeneous earth-fill and an impervious core. The crest of

1680-470: Was pronounced "ba-la-ngay", while today the modern barangay is pronounced "ba-rang-gay". The term referred to the people serving under a particular chief rather than to the modern meaning of an area of land, for which other words were used. While barangay is a Tagalog word, it spread throughout the Philippines as Spanish rule concentrated power in Manila. All citations regarding pre-colonial barangays lead to

1722-522: Was settled on November 30, 1645, by Fr. Juan Alonzo de Abarca, an Augustinian priest with the 29th Spanish mission in the Philippines. The village grew into a settlement and was officially included in the map of the Philippines in 1747. In 1900, Pantabangan formally became a town. In early 16th to 17th centuries, the “Id-dules” ( Aetas or Baluga ) and Egongots ( Ilongots ) tribe inhabited the southern Sierra Madre and Caraballo Mountains . Pantabangan (Pantabanganan in early 18th century) may have came from

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1764-406: Was used for much of the 20th century. Manila mayor Ramon Bagatsing established the first Barangay Bureau in the Philippines, creating the blueprint for the barangay system as the basic socio-political unit for the city in the early 1970s. This was quickly replicated by the national government, and in 1974, President Ferdinand Marcos ordered the renaming of barrios to barangays. The name survived

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