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18-618: In November, 1993 Pannon GSM Telecommunications Ltd. signed a concession agreement and in March of the following year started to operate on the 900 MHz frequency. In 1999 the company won a tender for the 1800 MHz frequency. In November, 2000 it started to operate on the 1800 MHz frequency in Budapest , and in March 2001, the whole country. The network covers 99% of Hungary . The company has 13 switching centres, more than 1500 base stations and employs 1,060 people. The company's revenue in 2001

36-907: A cross-border interest has been subject to the principles of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union . The European Commission had originally included public concession contracts in the Services Directive of 1992, but these were removed from its scope by the European Council. However, the European Parliament and the Council issued a further Directive 2014/23/EU on the award of concession contracts on 26 February 2014, which required EU member states to introduce national legislation covering

54-536: A government, local authority, corporation, individual or other legal entity. Public services such as water supply may be operated as a concession. In the case of a public service concession, a private company enters into an agreement with the government to have the exclusive right to operate, maintain and carry out investment in a public utility (such as a water privatisation ) for a given number of years. Other forms of contracts between public and private entities, namely lease contract and management contract (in

72-441: A property by the government may be in return for services or for a particular use, a right to undertake and profit by a specified activity, a lease for a particular purpose. A concession may include the right to use some existing infrastructure required to carry out a business (such as a water supply system in a city); in some cases, such as mining , it may involve merely the transfer of exclusive or non-exclusive easements . In

90-482: Is a place where patrons can purchase snacks or food at a cinema , amusement park , zoo , aquarium , circus , fair , stadium , beach , swimming pool , concert , sporting event , or other entertainment venue. Some events or venues contract the right to sell food to third parties. Those contracts are often referred to as a concession , hence the name for a stand where food is sold. Usually prices for goods at concession stands are greater than elsewhere for

108-424: The convenience of being close to an attraction and thus often contribute significant revenue to the venue operator (especially in the case of movie theaters ). Additionally, outside food and drink is often prohibited to incentivise spending at the concession stands. Concession stands were not originally operated by the movie theaters, and food was often sold by people attending the film or by vendors outside of

126-579: The award of concession contracts in excess of EUR 5,186,000 awarded on or after 18 April 2016. In the UK, the equivalent threshold for concession contracts is £4,104,394. Concession contracts granted by public bodies fall within the term "covered procurement" in the Procurement Act 2023 . Concession stand A concession stand , or refreshment stand ( American English , Canadian English ), snack kiosk or snack bar ( British English , Irish English )

144-573: The company changed its name to Telenor. In 2009, the fairness of Pannon's consumer contract terms was challenged in the Hungarian courts . A reference was made to the European Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling concerning the role of EU member states ' national courts in dealing with such challenges, which reinforced the ruling that the courts must examine potentially unfair terms and not apply them if they were found to be unfair, except where

162-484: The consumer is opposed to that non-application. Whether the terms were actually unfair was referred back to the Hungarian court for resolution. In January 2018, the company's management confirmed media reports that there is interest in sale of Telenor's business in southeastern Europe, including Telenor Hungary. In March 2018, Telenor sold its business in southeastern Europe ( Bulgaria , Hungary, Montenegro and Serbia ) to

180-468: The facilities and assets to the concessionaire. Those that were built, acquired and designated by the concessionaire may initially be owned and controlled by the concessionaire and these will be transferred to the authority once its concession duration is ended. Muhammad Ali of Egypt used contracts called concessions to build cheap infrastructure - dams and railroads - whereby foreign European companies would raise capital, build projects, and collect most of

198-402: The facilities. The assets and facilities that were built, designated, and acquired prior to the turnover of operations and maintenance from the authority to the concessionaire and are included on a plan of a project that was planned by an authority are predetermined as owned by the authority and to be operated and maintained by the concessionaire upon the turnover of operations and maintenance of

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216-425: The investment fund PPF , for a sum of 2.8 billion euros. In January 2022, Telenor announced they would change their name to Yettel on March 1, 2022. The IMSI - Network Code of Yettel is 216-1 and MSISDN Network Codes are 20 (international: +36 20). The display name of Yettel: Yettel HU . Concession agreement A concession or concession agreement is a grant of rights, land, property, or facility by

234-644: The operating revenue but would provide Ali's government with a portion of that revenue. Within the European Union , the granting of concessions by public bodies is subject to regulation. Works concessions have been subject to award rules for some time as Directive 2004/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the EU on public procurement applied to works concessions. The award of services concessions with

252-509: The private sector, the owner of a concession — the concessionaire — typically pays either a fixed sum or a percentage of revenue to the owner of the entity from which it operates. Examples of concessions within another business are concession stands within sporting venues and movie theaters and concessions in department stores operated by other retailers . Short term concessions may be granted as promotional space for periods as short as one day. Concession agreement may also state

270-416: The role of an authority and concessionaire and conditions regarding control and ownership of the assets and facilities such as concession can either allow the authority to retain or keep actual ownership of the assets, turning over to the concessionaire and reverting the control and ownership back to an authority once the duration of their concession ended or both the authority and concessionaire control and own

288-466: The theater. Movie theaters were at first hostile to food being brought into their facilities, but during the Great Depression , theaters added concession stands as a way to increase revenue in the economically stagnant times. By the 1930s, concession stands were a main fixture in many theaters. During World War II , candy was scarce at concession stands because of the sugar rationing going on at

306-505: The water sector often called by the French term affermage ), are closely related but differ from a concession in the rights of the operator and its remuneration. A lease gives a company the right to operate and maintain a public utility, but investment remains the responsibility of the public. Under a management contract the operator will collect the revenue only on behalf of the government and will in turn be paid an agreed fee. A grant of land or

324-402: Was HUF 132.8 billion and profits before taxes were HUF 18.7 billion. On January 31, 2003 the company had 2,627,000 subscribers representing 40% of the Hungarian mobile market, which was then shared by 3 companies. On February 14, 2006 the company changed its main brand to Pannon and refreshed its visual image, in line with the new corporate identity of its parent, Telenor. On May 18, 2010

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