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82-399: Eugène de Beauharnais , the brother-in-law of the later King Ludwig I of Bavaria and the stepson of Napoleon , commissioned Leo von Klenze to build a "suburban city palace". Constructed between 1817 and 1821 at a cost of 770,000  guilders (the entire construction budget for Bavaria in 1819), it was the largest palace of the era, with more than 250 rooms including a ballroom, a theatre,

164-610: A billiard room, an art gallery, and a chapel, plus a number of outbuildings extending for over 100 metres (110 yd) down what is now Kardinal-Döpfner-Straße. It was the first building on the Ludwigstraße . Klenze intended it to serve as a benchmark for the new boulevard. He chose the Italian neo-Renaissance style, modelling the building on the Palazzo Farnese in Rome. He placed eagles over

246-612: A commander. While General André Masséna commanded the Army of Italy , Eugène raised a reserve army to guard the kingdom's southern border, after Naples broke its neutrality agreement with France. After the French victory at Austerlitz , Napoleon sought to strengthen Bavaria 's alliance with France and arranged Eugène's marriage to Princess Augusta of Bavaria , daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria , breaking her engagement to Charles, Hereditary Prince of Baden . On 12 January 1806, Eugène

328-549: A decree of 1 February 1805, Eugène was created Arch-Chancellor of State and made a prince of France. As commander of the Imperial Guard (successor to the Consular Guard), Eugène preceded his stepfather to Milan ahead of Napoleon's coronation as King of Italy on 26 May 1805. Napoleon had originally intended to place his brother Joseph on the Italian throne and then, after Joseph's refusal, his nephew Napoléon Charles ,

410-480: A diplomatic marriage, this union would turn out to be a happy one. On 14 November 1817, his father-in-law made him Duke of Leuchtenberg and Prince of Eichstätt , with the style Royal Highness . Eugène and Augusta had seven children: On 20 December 1807, he was given the title of Prince de Venise ("Prince of Venice"), a title created on 30 March 1806, when the Venetian Province taken from Austria in 1805

492-481: A frame of reinforced concrete with brick facing. The façade is an accurate reconstruction of von Klenze's palace except for a new entrance on the east side; the main entrance was formerly on the south side. (The only actual old fabric retained is the west entrance.) However, the interior layout has not been reproduced, although the ministry reception rooms and the office of the State Minister of Finance are located on

574-542: A grotto, a Moorish kiosk, an Indian royal tent, an artificially illuminated rainbow and intermittent moonlight. The building of the Residenz Theatre , next to the church, was constructed already under Elector Maximilian III (1745–1777) from 1751. Before World War II, it housed the Old Residenz Theatre . The decoration of the old theatre, carefully dismantled and removed, was moved into the south-eastern wing of

656-582: A representative palace. To the history cycle of this garden pavilion belonged once also the Battle of Issus of Albrecht Altdorfer . Under Albert V (1550–1579) Wilhelm Egkl built next to a banqueting hall of the Neuveste (St. George Hall) an art chamber in the building of the former ducal stables , many collections in Munich originate from there. Since there was not enough space for the extensive collection of sculptures,

738-529: A small apartment, sometimes using the reception rooms for events. During the Second World War , the palace was badly damaged in air raids in 1943 and 1945. The Free State of Bavaria acquired the ruined building in 1957 and had it demolished. In 1963–1967, a new building designed by Hans Heid and Franz Simm was built on the site for the Bavarian State Ministry of Finance. This building has

820-402: A statue of Bavaria created in 1594 by Hubert Gerhard. The western Hofgarten arcades with the gate ( Hofgartentor ) were executed by Klenze. The northern wing includes the former electoral gallery building which was built by court architect Karl Albert von Lespilliez in 1780/81, today home of a theatre museum (Deutsches Theatermueum). The remnants of some renaissance arcades in the north east of

902-509: A statue of the Virgin Mary as patroness of Bavaria in a wall niche between the portals on the west side of the residence complex. Maximilian had rebuilt and connected the existing buildings. In addition, Maximilian I had from 1612 large parts of the south and west wings of the Neuveste with the Silver Tower demolished. Between 1611 and 1619, the wing at the large Emperor's Courtyard ( Kaiserhof )

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984-631: Is from the time of King Ludwig I of Bavaria (1825–1848), who instructed his architect Leo von Klenze to extend the palace. Between 1825 and 1835 the King's building ( Königsbau ) was constructed to the south in the style of the Florentine Palazzo Pitti . The building is 30 meters high. In the Königsbau are numerous suites of rooms, including the State Apartment of Ludwig I on the first floor and

1066-551: Is represented by the Papal Rooms ( Päpstlichen Zimmer ), erected under his son Elector Ferdinand Maria (1651–1679). Pope Pius VI lived here during his visit in Munich in 1782. As a result, the rooms were named after him. The extensions of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel (1679–1726), especially the Alexander room and Summer room are representative living rooms. They were altered not long after his death. The remains were destroyed during

1148-792: Is situated, designed by François Cuvilliés the Elder in of 1731–33. Other courtyards are the Kapellenhof (Chapel Courtyard), the large Apothekenhof (Apothecary Courtyard) behind the Festsaalbau, the Puderhöfchen (Small Powder Courtyard), the Küchenhof (Kitchen Courtyard), the Kabinettsgarten (Cabinet Garden), and then finally the Zierhöfchen (Decorative Courtyard or Comité Courtyard). Today's building

1230-722: Is the largest city palace in Germany and is today open to visitors for its architecture, room decorations, and displays from the former royal collections. The complex of buildings contains ten courtyards and displays 130 rooms. The three main parts are the Königsbau (near the Max-Joseph-Platz ), the Alte Residenz (Old Residenz; towards the Residenzstraße) and the Festsaalbau (towards

1312-688: The Battle of Lützen . Eugène then returned to Italy, where he set about reorganizing his troops and preparing the defence against the Austrian Empire . Despite the defection of Murat's Kingdom of Naples in January 1814, and pressure from his Bavarian father-in-law, Eugène refused to defect to the Coalition , while also rejecting calls to leave behind his kingdom and join Napoleon in the defence of France . During

1394-623: The Cuvilliés Theatre (Old Residenz Theatre). The Winter Garden was commissioned by King Ludwig II of Bavaria (1864–1886) around 1870. After the king's death, the Winter Garden on the roof of the Festsaalbau of the Residenz Palace was dismantled in 1897. The reason for this was due to water leaking from the ornamental lake through the ceiling of the rooms below. Photographs and sketches still record this incredible creation which included

1476-633: The French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars . Through the second marriage of his mother, Joséphine de Beauharnais , he was the stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte . Under the French Empire he also became Napoleon's adopted son (but not the heir to the imperial throne). He was Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy under his stepfather, from 1805 to 1814, and commanded the Army of Italy during

1558-766: The Hofgarten ). A wing of the Festsaalbau contains the Cuvilliés Theatre since the reconstruction of the Residenz after World War II. It also houses the Herkulessaal (Hercules Hall), the primary concert venue for the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra . The Byzantine Court Church of All Saints ( Allerheiligen-Hofkirche ) at the east side is facing the Marstall , the building for the former Court Riding School and

1640-748: The Italian Campaign of 1813-1814 , he commanded a series of engagements in the Po Valley in order to slow down the enemy advance, which were in effect a series of organized retreats up to the river Adige . Despite some success against the Austrians at the Battle of the Mincio River on 8 February 1814, and successive victories against the Neapolitan Army , he was beaten at the rivers Taro and Nure . On 16 April, five days after Napoleon's abdication of both

1722-617: The Kaiserhof (Emperor's Courtyard) with the Residenz Tower as clock tower, were erected from 1612 to 1618, in the reign of Maximilian I. Both courtyards are decorated with optical illusions on the facade, the same as the facade of the Alte Residenz. The Königsbauhof (King's Building Courtyard) replaced a garden. At its eastern side the rococo facade of the Grüne Galerie (Green Gallery)

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1804-584: The Nibelungensäle (Nibelungen Halls; 1827–1834). They are the first monumental representations of the Nibelungenlied Nibelungen Saga of Songs. The actual private chambers of the royal couple at the back of the Königsbau no longer survive as they were destroyed in World War II. Leo von Klenze was not only responsible for the architecture, but also designed the floors, the wall paintings and all

1886-573: The Perseus Fountain was built between 1581 and 1586 under William V (1579–1597) by Friedrich Sustris as the leading architect, and takes its name from the grotto on the western façade of the Antiquarium. The octagonal Brunnenhof (Fountain Courtyard) served as a place for tournaments before the large Wittelsbach Fountain was erected in the middle of the courtyard in 1610. The buildings around

1968-715: The Rocca d'Anfo ), public works (construction of roads, restoration of the Venetian Arsenal , draining of the marshes around Verona ), and the promulgation of the Napoleonic civil , commercial, and penal codes. After the kingdom annexed the Marches from the dissolved Papal States , in April 1808, Eugène managed to keep relations with the Holy See from breaking down and rallied the populations of

2050-600: The Siege of Jaffa and was wounded during the Siege of Acre . Eugène returned to France with Napoleon in the autumn of 1799, helping to bring about the reconciliation of the general and his mother, who had become estranged due to their mutual extramarital affairs. During the Coup of 18 Brumaire , he accompanied Napoleon to Saint-Cloud , where they brought the Council of Five Hundred into submission. When Napoleon became First Consul following

2132-815: The War in the Vendée . However, within a year his mother Joséphine had arranged his return to Paris, after she remarried to Napoleon Bonaparte. After joining the 1st Hussar Regiment as an assistant sub-lieutenant on 30 June 1797, Eugène served as an aide-de-camp to his stepfather in the Italian campaign . After the Treaty of Campo Formio (17 October 1797) he was sent on missions to the Ionian Islands and Rome . In 1798, he followed Napoleon in his campaign in Egypt and Syria , where he took part in

2214-574: The Wittelsbach dynasty. This magnificent display in the Schatzkammer (Treasury) is contained in ten halls in the eastern wing of the Königsbau. The collection is one of the most important in the world and spans 1000 years from the early Middle Ages to Neo-classicism. Royal insignia, crowns, swords, goblets, goldsmith works, rock crystal, ivory work, icons and numerous other treasures like precious tableware and toiletries are magnificently presented. Among

2296-642: The 1980s. Some of the buildings, however, were rebuilt in a simplified manner. Examples of this are the facade of the Alte Residenz on Residenzstrasse or the Arcades in front of the former throne hall on the first floor of the Festsaalbau. A substantial loss was caused by the destruction of the neo-classical rooms and halls in the Festssalbau (including the Grand Throne Hall, now the Hercules Concert Hall, and

2378-585: The Elder, though some were initially designed by Sustris himself. The Court Chapel ( Hofkapelle ), the Emperor's Staircase ( Kaisertreppe ) and Imperial Hall ( Kaisersaal ), the Stone Rooms ( Steinzimmer ; 1612–1617; general design by Hans Krumpper ) and the Trier Rooms ( Trierzimmer ); ceiling frescoes by Peter Candid ) built for Elector Maximilian I are typical examples from the early 17th century. The Baroque era

2460-552: The Festsaalbau next to the Allerheiligen-Hofkirche after the war. Here it was reopened as Cuvilliés Theatre . In 2008, the courtyard before the theatre was also redesigned and covered with a new glass roof. It was then named Comité Courtyard after the Comité Cuvilliés, an initiative that made the renovation of the theatre possible by collecting donations. The Allerheiligen-Hofkirche ( Court Church of All Saints ) on

2542-747: The French Empress Marie Louise during her journeys. Non-European art and craftwork, including Chinese porcelain, ivories from Ceylon and captured Turkish daggers are also on display. The Residenz houses the Bavarian state coin collection, the Staatliche Münzsammlung . It was found by Duke Albert V. By the accession of Elector Palatine Charles Theodore (1777–1799), the Palatine and the Electoral Bavarian collection were combined. During

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2624-403: The French and Italian thrones, Eugène signed the Convention of Schiarino-Rizzino  [ it ] with the Austrian commander Heinrich von Bellegarde , bringing an end to hostilities. His attempt to be crowned King of Italy failed after an insurrection in Milan on 20 April, and Eugène finally relinquished control of the kingdom in the Convention of Mantua on 23 April. After the fall of

2706-442: The Grand Stairway), of the rich décor of the Papal Rooms including the ceiling of the Golden Hall and of the apartment of King Ludwig II (1864–1886). The frescoes of the Court Church of All Saints were also completely destroyed. Restoration of historic interiors continues, most recently with the Yellow Staircase in the Konisgsbau, with work completed in 2021. The Hall of Antiquities ( Antiquarium ), built between 1568 and 1571 for

2788-401: The Green Gallery ( Grüne Gallerie ) with its seven arched windows facing the courtyard of the Königsbau is a masterpiece of Cuvilliés. The Green Gallery, named after the wall covering made of green silk damask, was not only a ballroom, but also a gallery for paintings and mirrors. The magnificent Bedchamber ( Paradeschlafzimmer ) served as the place for the electoral dressing procedure . Thus all

2870-543: The Kingdom of Italy, Eugène retired to Munich in June 1814 at the behest of his father-in-law. He soon returned to Paris on the death of his mother, where he was honourably received by Louis XVIII and Alexander I of Russia . He immediately renounced his political activity and returned to his wife's family in Bavaria. Accordingly, he remained neutral during Napoleon's return to power in the Hundred Days . As Duke of Leuchtenberg , Eugène lived his last years in Munich managing his estates and expanding his art collection. At

2952-401: The Munich Residenz. With more than 300,000 coins, medals and banknotes from the ancient world to the present time, it is one of the world's leading collections. The Hofgarten (Court Garden) is located at the northern side of the Residenz opposite to the Festsaalbau. It was laid out under King Maximilian I. In the middle of the park in French style is a circular temple built in 1615, crowned by

3034-405: The Napoleonic Wars. Historians consider him one of Napoleon's most able relatives. Eugène Rose de Beauharnais was born in Paris on 3 September 1781 as the son of Viscount Alexandre de Beauharnais and Marie-Josèphe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie (future empress Josephine), both born in the French colony of Martinique . His parents separated when Eugène was three years old. At the age of five, Eugène

3116-409: The Napoleonic era many monastic coin collections came into the care of the Bavarian state. Crown Prince Ludwig, later King Ludwig I, had much enthusiasm for Ancient Greek coins and spent a lot of time examining the collection. In the first three decades of the 20th century, the collection was extended to house the Renaissance coins, medals and insignia. In 1963, the current exhibition rooms were opened in

3198-399: The Nibelungen Halls on the ground floor. Today also the Treasury are situated in the ground floor of the Königsbau. The royal living rooms are still preserved, they served primarily for the representation and could be visited by appointment already at that time. The actual private apartments of the royal couple on the back of Königsbau have not survived due to its destruction in World War II. On

3280-444: The Residenz Theatre. Prince Regent Luitpold (1886–1912) ordered the rebuilding of the Stone Rooms for his purposes as he did not want to live in the apartments of the King. During his time, the new Treasury, designed by Julius Hofmann, was created. Today it forms the entrance to the counter area. King Ludwig III (1912–1918) occupied the palace for only a short period before the revolution of 1918. He first moved like his father, into

3362-410: The Royal Silver Chambers, valuable pieces are housed. The collection of relics of the Munich Residenz come from the era of the Counter-Reformation . In the Festsaalbau bronze sculptures from the late 16th and early 17th centuries are presented, one of the richest collections of European bronze art from the Mannerism and early Baroque eras. Founded by Duke Albert V the Treasury houses the jewels of

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3444-428: The Stone Rooms at the Kaiserhof tract, and later into the Königsbau. Now technical upgrades such as central heating and electric lighting were made, which had the Prince Regent still rejected. In addition, the Nibelungen Halls were used by Queen Maria Theresa , to create with other women, items for Bavarian soldiers during World War I. As early as the reign of King Ludwig I, interested citizens could by appointment (when

3526-416: The annexed areas through economic benefits. During the War of the Fifth Coalition , Eugène was put in command of the Army of Italy with some highly competent generals like Grenier , Charpentier , and the future marshal Étienne MacDonald accompanying him as advisers and officers. In April 1809, he fought and lost the Battle of Sacile against the Austrian army of Archduke John , but Eugène's troops won

3608-439: The antique collection of Duke Albert V (1550–1579) by Wilhelm Egkl and Jacobo Strada , is the largest Renaissance hall north of the Alps. It was remodelled into a banqueting hall by Friedrich Sustris in 1586–1600. The Antiquarium housed the Ducal Library until 1581. The low hall was then covered with a barrel vault that had 17 window lunettes. The hall was adorned with paintings by Peter Candid , Antonio Ponzano, and Hans Thonauer

3690-403: The building for the Antiquarium was created 1568–1571. It had to be built outside the castle, as there was no place in the Neuveste. William V (1579–1597) ordered the construction of the Witwenstock (Widow Wing) for the dowager Duchess Anna and in 1581–1586 the four wings of the Grottenhof . Friedrich Sustris was the architect. Around 1590 the construction of the Black Hall was begun to

3772-477: The campaign, Eugène again commanded the Army of Italy ( IV Corps ), with a total force of 80,000 men. He fought at the battles of Ostrovno , Vitebsk , Smolensk , Borodino , Maloyaroslavets , Krasnoi , and the Berezina . After Napoleon and then Joachim Murat had left the retreating army in December 1812, Eugène took command of the remnants of the Grande Armée at Poznań . He led the retreat to Leipzig from January to May 1813, then served under Napoleon at

3854-505: The chapel. Court festivities were a feature in the palace in view of its ballroom, art gallery and a private theater facilities. In 1852, after the death of Eugène de Beauharnais' widow Augusta, the palace was sold to Prince Luitpold , the later Prince Regent of Bavaria., and until the Nazi seizure of power early in 1933, it was used by the Bavarian royal family, the House of Wittelsbach . Prince Ludwig , later Ludwig III, married Maria Theresia, Archduchess of Austria-Este in 1868 and it

3936-440: The construction phase to study the newly developed fosses inodores et mobiles (an early form of sanitary toilet ), which he had installed in the palace and which soon became standard in almost all new buildings in Munich. Beauharnais lived in the palace with his wife Augusta , Ludwig's sister, and his children. On 2 August 1829 the proxy marriage of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil and Princess Amélie of Leuchtenberg took place in

4018-409: The coup, Eugène was appointed captain of the chasseurs à cheval of the Consular Guard . He distinguished himself in the Guard's cavalry charges at Battle of Marengo , and was promoted to chef d'escadron . In 1803 he bought Hôtel Beauharnais . After rising through the ranks under the Consulate, Eugène was promoted to brigade general soon after the establishment of the Empire in 1804. By

4100-458: The court gardens. Its middle section with the a reconstructed dome are the only surviving sections of the former Bavarian Army Museum, constructed between 1900 and 1905 and almost completely destroyed during the bombing raids of World War II. The museum is now located in the Neues Schloss (New Palace) in Ingolstadt, around 80 kilometres north of Munich. The Munich Residence and its museums have received more than 300,000 visitors per year, similar to

4182-426: The destroyed Odeon concert hall on the site of the Palais Leuchtenberg, since the concert hall could not be rebuilt on its original site. Although this plan had some support, it was not carried out. Eug%C3%A8ne de Beauharnais Eugène Rose de Beauharnais ( French: [øʒɛn də boaʁnɛ] ; 3 September 1781 – 21 February 1824) was a French nobleman, statesman, and military commander who served during

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4264-437: The eastern side of the Residenz was commissioned in 1825 by King Ludwig I. It was inspired by the Cappella Palatina , the richly decorated Byzantine royal chapel in Palermo . As bombs destroyed all but the outer walls in 1944, its rich interior ornament was almost completely lost. The church is now used for concerts and events. Facing the church, the Marstall , the building for the former Court Riding School ( Hofreitschule )

4346-465: The exhibits are Emperor Charles the Bald's prayer-book from around 860, the altar-ciborium of Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia from around 890, the crown of the Empress Cunigunde , reliquary of the True Cross which belonged to the Emperor Henry II , a cross which belonged to Queen Gisela , all from around 1000, the Reliquary Crown of Henry II from around 1270, an English Queen's crown from around 1370 (the oldest surviving crown of England that came to

4428-399: The first floor, the bel étage . What little survived of the ornate interior of the former building is now in Nymphenburg Palace . The Alexander frieze by Bertel Thorvaldsen survives only in a copy which is now in the foyer of the Herkulessaal (Hercules Hall), a post-war concert hall in the Residenz . In 1958 the architect and preservationist Erwin Schleich had suggested reconstructing

4510-454: The furniture. In the Festsaalbau were spacious halls that contained the Grand Throne Room in the centre, the Imperial halls, the ballroom and the Battle Hall in the north-eastern pavilion. These facilities were intended only for state occasions and were only accessible by a grand staircase which no longer exists. Here the most important royal ceremonies were held, surrounded by twelve colossal statues sculpted by Ferdinand von Miller , representing

4592-409: The giant palace had practically replaced a whole former city quarter with barracks, a monastery, houses and gardens. It assembles the styles of the late Renaissance , as well as of Baroque , Rococo and Neo-Classicism . With the order of William IV (1508–1550) to expand the Neuveste with the so-called Rundstubenbau and to set up the first Court Garden, began the history of the Munich Residenz as

4674-607: The main Bavarian rulers. In addition to the rich accumulation of furniture, paintings and sculptures, today the museum contains bronze work, clocks, tapestries, porcelain and several special collections such as masterpieces of bronze art, European miniatures and liturgical vestments . The Wittelsbach dynasty porcelain collection includes items from their own Nymphenburg Porcelain Factory as well as from such famous porcelain producers such as Sèvres in France and Royal Porcelain from Berlin. The Wittelsbach East Asian collection includes over 500 pieces of porcelain and some paintings. In

4756-442: The north section of the Residenz was added between 1832 and 1842 by Klenze under instructions from King Ludwig I. Here were located the Large Throne Room and the royal reception halls. One of the primary concert venues for the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra is the Herkulessaal (Hercules Hall), which has replaced the destroyed Large Throne Room. The Festsaalbau today houses also the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities and

4838-409: The other. As a result, they sought to build themselves a shelter impregnable and easy to leave (directly towards the glacis, without having to enter city lanes) at the same time. Around 1470, under Albert IV (1465–1508), the fortress walls and the gate in the north were built, followed by the construction of two turrets. The gothic foundation walls and the basement vaults of the old castle including

4920-447: The palatinate line of the house of Wittelsbach as the dowry of Blanche of England , the daughter of King Henry IV of England ), the famous Statuette of St George (Munich, ca. 1599), the insignia and orders of the Bavarian monarchs, including crowns and insignia of the Emperor Charles VII (1742), the Crown of Bavaria (1807), ceremonial swords and ruby jewellery which belonged to Queen Therese . A precious set of matching dishes served

5002-422: The park were integrated into the Bavarian State Chancellery in 1992. The people of Munich love to denounce it as the 'Straussoleum', named after a former state Premier who commissioned it, or even the Munich White House, in reference to the long and hard fights that prevented the state government from erecting three giant wings instead of one. These wings it was claimed would have destroyed the overall impression of

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5084-414: The rematch at the Battle of the Piave in May and the Battle of Raab in June. After the Battle of Aspern-Essling , Napoleon recalled the Army of Italy to Austria. After joining the main army on the island of Lobau in the Danube , Eugène took part in the Battle of Wagram . Napoleon considered making Eugène regent of France during the invasion of Russia but ultimately decided against this. During

5166-456: The residence fire of 1729. The Ancestral Gallery ( Ahnengallerie ; 1726–1731) along with the Porcelain Cabinet (both constructed by Joseph Effner ) and the Ornate Rooms ( Reichen Zimmer ) designed by François de Cuvilliés for Charles Albert (1726–1745) are magnificent examples of the court Rococo style. The rich decoration was executed by Johann Baptist Zimmermann , Joachim Dietrich and Wenzeslaus Miroffsky. The two-storey exterior façade of

5248-427: The rococo Apartments of the Prince Elector ( Kurfürstenzimmer ) were constructed between 1746 and 1763. Cuvilliés and Johann Baptist Gunetzrhainer were responsible for the work. The Neo-classical epoch is represented by the Charlotte Rooms ( Charlottenzimmer ), the Royal Apartments and the Halls of the Battles ( Schlachtensäle ) in the Königsbau. The wall and ceiling paintings are by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld in

5330-400: The round pillars of the so-called ballroom cellar ( Ballsaalkeller ) are today the oldest surviving parts of the palace. The Residenz's development over the centuries didn't only take place out of its main centre, the Neuveste, but in addition grew out of several single parts and extensions, the first of which used to be the Antiquarium . Finally, after more than four centuries of development,

5412-426: The royal couple were not living in the Residenz) visit the Königsbau. Under Prince Regent Luitpold, it was possible to visit all the unused parts of the palace and the Old Treasury. In 1897 the first guide book for the Residenz in Munich was published. After the revolution of 1918, the Residenz became a public museum. The palace was severely damaged by bombing during World War II. Most of its rooms were reconstructed by

5494-465: The royal stables. The first buildings at this site were erected in the year 1385 and were financed by the township of Munich as a sanction for a failed uprising against Stephen III (1375–1413) and his younger brothers. The Silver Tower ( Silberturm ), as the strongest bastion, was significantly situated next to the inner walls protecting the castle against the city. This sturdy new castle ( Neuveste – new fortress), surrounded by wide moats and located at

5576-619: The same time, he provided assistance for proscripts under the Bourbon Restoration , such as Antoine Marie Chamans de Lavalette , and lobbied for the alleviation of the harsh treatment imposed on Napoleon in his captivity in Saint-Helena . In 1822, Eugène's health began to deteriorate. After suffering two attacks of apoplexy in 1823, he died on 21 February 1824 in Munich, aged 42. On 14 January 1806, two days after his adoption by Napoleon, Eugène married Princess Augusta Amalia Ludovika Georgia of Bavaria (1788–1851), eldest daughter of Napoleon's ally, King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria . Although

5658-414: The second floor were the so-called Festgemächer , which were intended for minor court festivities. The spatial sequence was divided into lounge, reception salon, dance hall, flowers hall and private rooms for the king. These rooms are still preserved but in a highly simplified form and are now home to the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts . From 2016 to 2018 the Yellow Staircase of Klenze was restored. Once it

5740-452: The son of Louis Bonaparte and Eugène's sister, Hortense . However, both Joseph and Louis refused, so Napoleon placed the Iron Crown upon his own head instead. During the coronation, Napoleon handed the royal ring and mantle to his stepson and on 7 June 1805 announced Eugène's appointment as Viceroy of Italy to the Italian Legislative Assembly. In 1805, the War of the Third Coalition was to test Eugène's talents as an organizer, if not as

5822-410: The southeast on the Antiquarium. Under direction of Sustris the Erbprinzentrakt (Prince Wing), north of the Witwenstock was added. Maximilian I (1597–1651) commissioned what is now called the Maximilian Residenz ( Maximilianische Residenz ), the west wing of the palace. Until the 19th century, it was the only publicly visible facade and it still is preserved. The portals are guarded by two lions and

5904-544: The structures erected by the court architects Joseph Effner and François de Cuvilliés served only the glorification of the House of Wittelsbach and the attainment of the imperial crown, which ultimately succeeded in 1742. In January 1745, Charles Albert died as Emperor Charles VII in the Residenz, which was thus also for a short time the imperial palace of the Holy Roman Empire . In the times of Elector Maximilian III (1745–1777)

5986-504: The very north eastern corner of the new double ring of town walls, replaced the difficult to defend Alter Hof (the Old Court) located in the middle of the town as residence of the Wittelsbach rulers. For the Dukes of the often divided country had felt the need to keep some distance from the frequently rebellious city dwellers at the one hand and for some defence against their warlike relatives at

6068-454: The windows on the first floor as in one of Napoleon's palaces. He gave the building almost equally prominent façades on three sides, and a sufficiently adaptable interior layout for it to be repurposed in case Beauharnais was forced by Ludwig to leave Munich. It had two floors above the ground floor and each floor had 11 windows. Also notable was a small entrance porch or portico of Doric type with four columns. Klenze also visited Paris during

6150-565: Was Archichancelier d'État de l'Empire de France ("Archchancellor of State of the Empire of France"). His name is inscribed on Column 24 of the Southern Pillar of the Arc du Triomphe , reading BEAUHARNAIS . Munich Residenz The Residenz ( German: [ʁesiˈdɛnts] , Residence ) in central Munich is the former royal palace of the Wittelsbach monarchs of Bavaria . The Residenz

6232-423: Was created to the north of the complex. It documents the high political claims of Maximilian. Its large dimensions satisfied Maximilian's successors up to 18th century, who contented themselves with interior upgrading and smaller extensions such as the wing for the Grüne Galerie (1730) and the Residenz Theatre (1751). Ten courtyards can be found inside the large complex: The Grotto Courtyard ( Grottenhof ) with

6314-600: Was entrusted to his father's care, attending various boarding schools. His father served as a general during the early Revolutionary Wars . After losing the Siege of Mainz (1793) he was imprisoned and executed by guillotine on 23 July 1794, a few days before the fall of Maximilien Robespierre and the end of the Reign of Terror . Eugène joined the French Revolutionary Army soon after his father's death, initially serving as an orderly to General Lazare Hoche during

6396-576: Was erected under King Maximilian Joseph by Klenze between 1817 and 1822. The construction of the monumental portal arch, surmounted by busts of Castor and Pollux, is considered one of the most mature early works of Klenze. The extensive buildings for the royal stables no longer exist. From 1923 the Marstall housed the Marstallmuseum which was in 1941 moved into Nymphenburg Palace . Today the building serves as scenery house, workshop building and study stage of

6478-539: Was officially adopted by Napoleon. Though excluded from succession to the French Empire, on 16 February 1806 he was declared heir presumptive to the Italian throne, in the absence of a second son of Napoleon. Over the following years, Eugène dedicated himself to the management of the Kingdom of Italy, showing himself an astute politician and administrator. He oversaw military works (fortification of Mantua , expansion of

6560-510: Was the main entrance to the royal apartments in the Königsbau. The Maximilian-Joseph Denkmal (King Maximilian-Joseph Memorial) at Max-Joseph-Platz (Maximilian-Joseph Square) stands in front of the Königsbau. It was created as a memorial for King Maximilian Joseph (1799–1825) by Christian Daniel Rauch and carried out by Johann Baptist Stiglmaier. It was only unveiled in 1835 as the king had rejected being depicted seated. The neo-classical 250 metre long Banqueting Hall Wing ( Festsaalbau ) in

6642-674: Was their first home. Their son Prince Rupprecht was born here in 1869 and was baptised in the palace chapel on May 20, 1869. After the end of the monarchy in Bavaria in 1918, the outbuildings were converted into shops and a garage. In 1923, the Bavarian Landtag approved the private ownership of the palace. Rupprecht, who had relocated here from the Palais Leutstetten with his son, Albrecht von Bayern , when they were challenged by Adolf Hitler as he came to power, lived there until 1939 in

6724-513: Was united to Bonaparte's Kingdom of Italy. In 1810, Napoleon used his influence over Karl von Dalberg , Archbishop of Regensburg and Grand Duke of Frankfurt , to name Eugène as constitutional heir of the grand duchy. Von Dalberg abdicated on 26 October 1813 due to Frankfurt's imminent conquest by the allied armies, and Eugène became nominal grand duke until Frankfurt was occupied by the allies in December of that same year. A further imperial sinecure

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