A royal household or imperial household is the residence and administrative headquarters in ancient and post-classical monarchies , and papal household for popes , and formed the basis for the general government of the country as well as providing for the needs of the sovereign and their relations. It was the core of the royal court , though this included many courtiers who were not directly employed by the monarch as part of the household.
31-868: The Marshalsea Court (or Court of the Marshalsea , also known as the Court of the Verge or the Court of the Marshal and Steward ) was a court associated with the Royal Household in England. Associated with, but distinct from, the Marshalsea Court was the Palace Court , which came into being in the 17th century. Both courts had jurisdiction within a geographical area known as the Verge of
62-655: A debtor's prison until 1842 when its role was taken over by the Queen's Bench Prison . Up until 1801, the meeting place of the Court was co-located with the prison; in 1373 Edward III had issued instructions for the Marshalsea court and prison to be rebuilt 'in our royal street' (i.e. King Street) in Southwark. Later the same courtroom was used by the Palace Court. In 1630 Charles I created by letters patent (renewed by Charles II in 1665)
93-537: A gym. The history of the building is split between the back and the front of the hotel. It has been claimed that the Kings of Scotland had part of Whitehall Palace for their use when they visited Westminster, and that this is the origin of the name "Great Scotland Yard". In approximately 997–1005, a residence was first given to Kenneth III of Scotland , as his residence. The last of the Scottish royal family who resided here
124-542: A head for spectators, and his premises thereby gained unsought attention. Later that year, the Metropolitan Police repaired the building and converted it to accommodate living quarters for the Police Commissioner and his top deputies on the first floor. The façade as we know it was refurbished in 1910, along with the sides of the hotel, creating the building as we know it now. The current Edwardian building
155-659: A new court, the Court of the Palace of the King at Westminster, to be held by the Steward of the Household and Knight Marshal , and the steward of the court or his deputy, and having jurisdiction to hear all kinds of personal actions between parties within twelve miles of Whitehall Palace (the jurisdiction of the Marshalsea court, the City of London , and Westminster Hall being excepted). It differed from
186-432: A place in the household, often by appointing them as valet de chambre or the local equivalent. Among many of these households there are certain great offices which have become, in course of time, merely hereditary . In most cases, as the name of the office would suggest, they were held by those who discharged personal functions about the sovereign. Gradually, in ways or for reasons which might vary in each individual case,
217-549: Is a street in Westminster , London, connecting Northumberland Avenue and Whitehall . By the 16th century, this "yard", which was then a series of open courtyards within the Palace of Whitehall , was fronted by buildings used by diplomatic representatives of the Kingdom of Scotland . Over time the land was divided into Great Scotland Yard, Middle Scotland Yard and Little Scotland Yard. In
248-567: The Admiralty . Below it are two streets that are culs-de-sac : Middle Scotland Yard, where Whitehall Place is today, and Lower Scotland Yard, entered from Middle Scotland Yard. Lower Scotland Yard was where the War Office building was erected in 1906, but was, according to the 1862 map, renamed Middle Scotland Yard when Whitehall Place, originally a cul-de-sac, took the place of the original Middle Scotland Yard. The Clarence public house, named after
279-778: The Civil Service . 3–5 Great Scotland Yard is now a five-star Hyatt luxury hotel located on Great Scotland Yard Road in Westminster. It has a very long history as it sits on the previous site of the Ministry of Defence Library, but was built in 1906 as the Central London Recruiting Office. The hotel has 151 rooms with 15 suites and a stand-alone townhouse located at 1 Great Scotland Yard. The Edwardian townhouse has its own private entrance and has two bedrooms across five floors. The hotel also contains four bars and restaurants and
310-541: The Duke of Clarence , dates from 1896. It was originally attached to the opposite corner of Great Scotland Yard by an archway. The archway was removed during the 1908 redevelopment of Great Scotland Yard, and the end of the building was refaced with slightly different coloured bricks. Since 1953, The Civil Service Club has been based in the Old Fire House at numbers 13–15, and is a social club for current and former members of
341-759: The Emperor and the Imperial Family as well as keeping the Privy Seal and Great Seal of Japan. The Agency is headed by a director-general, who is assisted by the Cabinet-appointed deputy director. The internal organisation of the Agency can be seen below. Auxiliary organs of the Agency include: Local branch office: The royal households of such of European monarchies have a continuous history since medieval times. Great Scotland Yard Great Scotland Yard
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#1732851737663372-475: The Metropolitan Police Service , the original Metropolitan Police Commissioner's office at 4 Whitehall Place, had a rear entrance on Great Scotland Yard. An 1862 map of Westminster shows the location. Over time, Scotland Yard was used generally as a metonym for the police headquarters. Richard Horwood 's 1799 map of London shows Great Scotland Yard on the eastern side of Whitehall , opposite
403-660: The Temple , two from Lincoln's Inn ) and six Attornies (all of Clifford's Inn). In addition the King's Marshalmen served as tipstaffs to the court. Royal Household There were often large numbers of employees in the household, strictly differentiated by rank, from nobles with highly sought-after positions that gave close access to the monarch, to all the usual servants such as cooks, footmen , and maids. The households typically included military forces providing security. Specialists such as artists, clock-makers and poets might be given
434-557: The 1874 design. The green doors have borne witness to many historic events and characters and have become a symbol and shorthand for Great Scotland Yard as part of the city of London's rich heritage. On 30 May 1884, the Fenians exploded a bomb at the location, which blew a hole in the wall of Scotland Yard, and damaged the Rising Sun public house. People came to inspect the damage, and the proprietor charged 3 d (equivalent to £1.65 in 2023)
465-458: The 19th century, it was a street and open space, which was the location of a public entrance to the original headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service of London, causing the name " Scotland Yard " to become synonymous with the police service. Although the etymology is not certain, according to a 1964 article in The New York Times , the name derives from buildings that accommodated
496-475: The Hackney Carriage and Detective Department in 1874. The building was the first dedicated space for the detective department and was where all the high-profile cases were processed and high-profile prisoners were held. The striking and individual architecture of Great Scotland Yard is recognisable and iconic to many worldwide. Its Edwardian red brick, Portland stone and the famous green doors were all part of
527-595: The Marshalsea court in that it had no jurisdiction over the sovereign's household, nor were its suitors necessarily of the household. The privilege of practising before the palace court was limited to four counsel. In some cases, the counsel practising before both the Marshalsea Court and the Palace Court overlapped, as was the case with the Lincoln's Inn barrister Levett Blackborne , grandson of Sir Richard Levett , former Lord Mayor of London . Blackborne served as steward of both courts, as did several other barristers. Latterly
558-513: The Metropolitan Police (whose headquarters were opposite), and it served as a police station until 1891 (when the police relocated to New Scotland Yard ); the old court building subsequently housed the offices of the Chief Inspector of Reformatories and Industrial Schools , until it was demolished as part of a comprehensive rebuilding of the area in 1909. In the 1820s the officers of the court were listed as: along with four Counsel (two from
589-423: The Palace Court was held weekly together with the ancient Court of Marshalsea (allegedly 'for many years no legal business was transacted in the Marshalsea Court, though it continued to be opened and closed with the same legal formalities as the Palace Court, the judges and other officers being the same in both'). By the end of the 18th century the court building in Southwark had become very dilapidated, and in 1801
620-565: The court , which was fixed by statute of Richard II as extending 12 miles from the King's palace or place of residence. The Marshalsea and Palace Courts were both abolished on 31 December 1849. The Marshalsea of the King's House was a court of record held by the Steward and Marshal of the Royal Household, to administer justice between the sovereign's domestic servants "that they might not be drawn into other courts and their service lost". It
651-570: The courts moved into new purpose-built premises in Great Scotland Yard . The Court Office, however, was to be found in Clifford's Inn ; (as noted by Hatton in his New View of London , 'none except members of Clifford's Inn may practise [as attornies ] in this court'). The Marshalsea Court and Palace Court were both abolished in 1849, whereupon the building in Scotland Yard was transferred to
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#1732851737663682-629: The criminal jurisdiction of the court fell into disuse (being superseded by commissions of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery which were known as commissions of the verge), though it continued to exercise civil jurisdiction. Associated with the court was the Marshalsea Prison . Originally the prison of the Court of the Marshalsea and known from about 1300, it was on a site in Mermaid Court, Southwark until relocated to an adjacent site off Borough High Street in 1811. Here it largely functioned as
713-409: The crown within the verge'. In 1300, however, a statute was passed limiting the court's jurisdiction. Subsequently it dealt with cases of trespass committed within the verge, if one party was in the sovereign's service; and with debts , contracts and covenants , where both parties belonged to the royal household, in which case the inquest was composed of men from the royal household only. Over time
744-572: The diplomatic representatives of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Scottish kings when they visited the English court – in effect, acting as the Scottish embassy , although such an institution was not formalized. Scotland Yard was certainly built and so-named by 1515, as Henry VIII's sister, Margaret Tudor , Queen of Scots, was lodged there. By the 17th century, the yard housed government buildings and residences for English civil servants. The architects Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren lived there, as did
775-566: The office alone survived, the duties either ceasing to be necessary or being transferred to officers of less exalted station. In the modern period , royal households have evolved into entities which are variously differentiated from national governments . Most modern households have become merely titular . In Japan, the Imperial Household Agency (宮内庁, Kunaichō) is the agency within the Government of Japan responsible for supporting
806-686: The poet John Milton from 1649 to 1651, during the Commonwealth of England under the rule of Oliver Cromwell . Towards the end of the 17th century, the district was already associated with prominence and prestige; for example in the 1690s in his satirical A Tale of a Tub , Jonathan Swift claimed the regard of "my worthy brethren and friends at Will's Coffee-house , and Gresham College , and Warwick Lane , and Moorfields , and Scotland Yard, and Westminster Hall , and Guildhall ; in short, to all inhabitants and retainers whatsoever, either in court, or church, or camp, or city, or country...". According to
837-615: Was Margaret, Queen of Scots, wife of James IV of Scotland and sister to King Henry VIII . She resided here after the death of her husband at the Battle of Flodden. After 1541, it was used as the homes of prominent civil servants due to its proximity to Whitehall Palace . These included Inigo Jones , who designed Covent Garden, Lincoln Inn Fields and Banqueting House, and Christopher Wren who designed St Paul's Cathedral and many London churches. The English poet John Milton , who wrote Paradise Lost , lived on-site from 1649 to 1651. This house
868-594: Was completed in 1910 and served as the British Army Recruitment Office for World War I and World War 2. It was used by the Ministry of Defence until 2013, first as a recruitment office and then as a library until 2004. In 2013, the building was purchased by the UAE company LuLu Group for £110 million. A World War II scene in the motion picture Atonement (2007) with Keira Knightley and James McAvoy
899-447: Was considered to be one of the most ancient courts of the realm; it sat by prescriptive right and was adjudged to be coeval with the common law of the land. In the middle ages the court was held in the hall of the King's palace, and 'followed the person of the King wherever he should go'. Originally the jurisdiction of the court was general and extensive: 'it comprehended all actions , real , personal and mixed, and all pleas of
930-591: Was constructed in 1910. Not much is known about this space. It is likely that it was an empty courtyard until 1812, where a coach house and reservoir were built to house the king's horses and stewards. Not much changed between these years and the building continued to be used as the Royal Stables. Then, in 1873 the Metropolitan Police brought the stables from the Waterloo and Whitehall Railway company and built
961-535: Was originally named the Marshalsea Court House. There were also numerous private residences until 1910. On the right-hand side of the Marshalsea Court House were Royal Stables constructed before 1812 (exact date unknown). They were the stables for the Admiralty and then was used by the police from 1837 onwards. The police also expanded into the Marshalsea Court House from 1847. The current building as we know it