87-751: Mar Antony Padiyara (11 February 1921 – 23 March 2000) was a Syro Malabar Major Archbishop and cardinal. He was the First Major Archbishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church . He was Major Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly from 1985 to 1996, having previously served as Bishop of Ootacamund (1955–1970) and Archbishop of Changanassery (1970–1985). He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1988. Born in Manimala , Travancore , Antony Padiyara studied at St. Peter's Regional Seminary in Bangalore and
174-536: A Monte Verde in the consistory of 28 June 1988. When the Archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamaly was elevated to the rank of a major archdiocese on 16 December 1992, Padiyara became a Major Archbishop and thus head of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church . During this period, the powers of Major Archbishop were also vested in the Pontifical Delegate Mar Abraham Kattumana (1992–1995). Within
261-652: A bishop and regularised his episcopal succession. This led to the first lasting formal schism in the Saint Thomas Christian community. Thereafter, the faction affiliated with the Catholic Church under Bishop Palliveettil Chandy came to be known as Pazhayakuttukar (or "Old Allegiance"), and the branch affiliated with Thoma I came to be known as Puthenkūttukār (or "New Allegiance"). They were also known as Jacobite Syrians and they organized themselves as independent Malankara Church . The visits of prelates from
348-684: A declaration of the Pazhayakūr gave the history of Saint Thomas Christians up to 1787 and advocated for the appointment of a native bishop that adhered to the local traditions. Latin Catholic Carmelite clergy from Europe served as bishops, and the Church along with the Latin Catholics was under the Apostolic Vicariate of Malabar (modern-day Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly ). In 1887,
435-574: A municipality in 1910. In the first state census of 1911, the population of Ernakulam was 21,901; 11,197 Hindus , 9,357 Christians , 935 Muslims , and 412 Jews . The Ernakulam District is situated in Central Kerala in India. Ernakulam is located at the geographic coordinates of 9°58′53.8″N 76°17′59.6″E / 9.981611°N 76.299889°E / 9.981611; 76.299889 and at an elevation of 22.36 m (73.4 ft) above
522-553: A video message to the people of Ernakulam-Angamaly asking them to only do the Uniform Mass starting Christmas and saying there will be punishment for those who do not. When Christmas came, only 290 Churches of 328 Churches held the Uniform Mass. The Vatican is now currently discussing further action. On 9 January 2024, Raphael Thattil was elected as major archbishop by the Syro-Malabar Synod of Bishops. Pope Francis confirmed
609-414: A year. The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is 33 °C (91 °F) while the minimum temperature recorded is 22.5 °C (72.5 °F). The winter season records a maximum average of 29 °C (84 °F) and a minimum average of 20 °C (68 °F). Below is the climate data for Kochi Naval Base, which is situated nearby to Ernakulam. As of November 2012, Ernakulam
696-558: Is a city that is connected to the North-South Corridor National Highway System via the four-laned National Highway 66 as well as National Highway 544 .The MC Road starting from Thiruvananthapuram ends in Angamaly . The highway traverses through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and provides access to the nearby cities such as Thrissur , Palakkad , Salem and Coimbatore . NH 66
783-601: Is also the most urbanized area in the city of Kochi. The Southern Naval Command (SNC) is in Kochi, Ernakulam district , Kerala. Established in 1958 , it is the largest naval command of the Indian Navy , focusing on training and maritime security operations in the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean . The word Ernakulam has a varied derivation, with some references to mythology and others to temples. According to Komattil Achutha Menon ,
870-658: Is buried in St. Mary's Cathedral Basilica in Ernakulam . Syro-Malabar Catholic Church The Syro-Malabar Church , also known as the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church , is an Eastern Catholic church based in Kerala , India. It is a sui iuris (autonomous) particular church in full communion with the Holy See and the worldwide Catholic Church , with self-governance under the Code of Canons of
957-612: Is called Holy Qurbana in East Syriac Aramaic and means "Eucharist", is celebrated in its solemn form on Sundays and special occasions. During the celebration of the Qurbana, priests and deacons put on elaborate vestments which are unique to the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. The most solemn form of Holy Mass (Holy Qurbana) is Rāsa , literally which means "Mystery". East Syriac liturgy has three anaphorae : those of
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#17328516666981044-643: Is predominantly of the Malayali ethnic group who speak Malayalam , although there are a minority of Tamils , Telugus , and North Indians from the various eparchies outside Kerala. Following emigration of the Church's members, eparchies have been established in other parts of India and in other countries to serve especially the diaspora living in the Western world . There are four eparchies outside of India, located in English-speaking countries: Australia , Canada ,
1131-732: Is the central business district of the city of Kochi , Kerala , India . It is the namesake of Ernakulam district . The eastern part of Kochi city is mainly known as Ernakulam, while the western part of it after the Venduruthy Bridge is called as Western Kochi. Many major establishments, including the Kerala High Court , the office of the Kochi Municipal Corporation and the Cochin Shipyard are situated in Ernakulam. It
1218-475: Is the busiest bus stand in Kochi after the Vytilla Mobility Hub. The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation also operates two other bus stations in Ernakulam region of Kochi city, called as Ernakulam Jetty and Thevara Depot. The Ernakulam Junction railway station is located close to the city's main shopping area situated on Ernakulam MG Road, and is connected by metro. The Southern Railway Zone of
1305-767: Is the oldest of the extant seminaries of the church. However, the Saint Thomas Seminary in Vadavathoor is the first seminary to be established under the Syro-Malabar hierarchy. Saint Thomas Christian denominations Syro-Malabar Catholic , Syro-Malankara Catholic , Latin Catholic Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church , Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Malabar Independent Syrian Church Ernakulam Ernakulam ( Malayalam: [erɐɳɐːkuɭɐm] )
1392-666: The Padroado Latin Catholic Primatal Archbishopric of Goa . In 1653, after a half-century of administration of the Padroado missionaries, the local Christians revolted and took the Coonan Cross Oath . In response, Pope Alexander VII , with the help of Carmelite missionaries, was by 1662 able to reconcile the majority of dissidents with the Latin Catholic Church under Bishop Parambil Chandy ,
1479-806: The Sathyadeepam and The Week are also published. Television stations in Ernakulam include Asianet , Asianet Plus , Asianet News , Zee Keralam , Surya TV , Surya Movies , Surya Music , Surya Comedy Channel , Amrita TV , Media One , Twentyfour News, Jeevan TV , Manorama news , Mathrubhumi News , Janam TV , WE TV , Flowers TV and Reporter TV . DTH services are available through DD Free Dish , airtel digital TV , Dish TV , Sun Direct , Tata Sky , Independent TV (India) and Videocon d2h . The cable operators in Ernakulam are Asianet Digital TV , Siti Cable , Kerala Vision, DEN Networks . The local channels are Asianet Cable Vision , Ernakulam cable TV and Den mtn. All India Radio has two FM stations in
1566-692: The Archdiocese of Goa and appointed the Jesuit Francisco Ros as Bishop of Angamaly. Menezes held the Synod of Diamper in 1599 to bring the Saint Thomas Christians under the complete authority of the Latin Church . The oppressive rule of the Portuguese padroado eventually led to a revolt in 1653, known as the Coonan Cross Oath . The Thomas Christians including their native priests assembled in
1653-626: The Council of Ephesus in the 5th century, separating primarily over differences in Christology and for political reasons. The Syro-Malabar Church uses a variant of the East Syriac Rite, which dates back to 3rd century Edessa , Upper Mesopotamia . As such it is a part of Syriac Christianity by liturgy and heritage. After the schism of 1552 , a portion of the Church of the East entered communion with
1740-509: The Holy See of Rome, forming what became the modern-day Chaldean Catholic Church . Throughout the later half of the 16th century, the Malabar Church was under Chaldean Catholic jurisdiction as the Archdiocese of Angamaly . Through the Synod of Diamper of 1599, the Chaldean jurisdiction was abolished and the Malabar Church was reorganized as the Archdiocese of Cranganore and made subject to
1827-569: The Indian Railways operates the main rail transport system in Ernakulam. The Ernakulam Junction Railway Station is a junction and departing station of passengers and express trains, and is the stopping point for trains going towards the south side Alappuzha . Both the North and South railway stations have been selected by the Ministry of Railways to be upgraded to airport-like ones. The redevelopment of
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#17328516666981914-680: The Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council (1983), and President of the Syro-Malabar Bishops Conference (1984). In one of the acts of his short-lived papacy , Pope John Paul I named him Apostolic visitor to the Syro-Malabar Catholics in Kerala on 8 September 1978. Padiyara was appointed Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly by Pope John Paul II on 23 April 1985. He was created cardinal priest of S. Maria "Regina Pacis"
2001-718: The Malabar Independent Syrian Church , the Marthoma Syrian Church , and the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church have originated. In 1663, with the conquest of Cochin by the Dutch , the control of the Portuguese on the Malabar coast was lost. The Dutch declared that all the Portuguese missionaries had to leave Kerala. Before leaving Kerala, on 1 February 1663 Sebastiani consecrated Palliveettil Chandy as
2088-642: The Propagation of the Faith to Malabar headed by Fr. Sebastiani and Fr. Hyacinth. Fr. Sebastiani arrived first in 1655 and began to speak directly with the Thoma I . Fr. Sebastiani, with the help of Portuguese, gained the support of many, especially with the support of Palliveettil Chandy , Kadavil Chandy Kathanar and Vengoor Geevarghese Kathanar. These were the three of the four counselors of Thoma I, who had defected with Francisco Garcia Mendes, Archbishop of Cranganore , before
2175-968: The Roman Curia , he was a member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Oriental Canon Law . After reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75, he resigned as Major Archbishop on 11 November 1996, after eleven years of service. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1998. He later died at the Cardinal Padiyara Nature Cure Centre in Kakkanad , which he himself had founded, aged 79. He
2262-672: The Second Vatican Council reform: the liturgy of the word would be celebrated coram populo , while the rest of the Qurbana would be celebrated facing the altar. After hearing this announcement, many priests of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam–Angamaly announced that they would continue their public facing Qurbana. Pope Francis appointed Cyril Vasiľ as the Pontifical Delegate and Andrews Thazhath as Apostolic Administrator for
2349-867: The Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch continued since then and this led to gradual replacement of the East Syriac Rite liturgy with the West Syriac Rite and the Puthenkūttukār affiliated to the Miaphysite Christology of the Oriental Orthodox Communion . The Pazhayakuttukar faction remained in communion with the Catholic and preserved the traditional East Syriac (Persian) liturgy and Dyophysite Christology . They were also known as Romo-Syrians or Syrian Catholics . They also used
2436-510: The United Kingdom , and United States . Saint Alphonsa is the Church's first canonized saint, followed by Saint Kuriakose Chavara , Saint Euphrasia , and Saint Mariam Thresia . The Syro-Malabar Church is one of the two Eastern Catholic Churches in India, the other being the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church , which represents the faction of the Puthenkoor that returned to full communion with
2523-645: The oriental nature of the Latinized Syro-Malabar rite. In 2021, the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church adopted a uniformed manner of celebration liturgies, removing the practice of facing versus populum during the Liturgy of Eucharist . Following this, there has been sustained dissent by some clergy and laity in the Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly. The Syro-Malabar Church has its own liturgical year , structured around eight liturgical seasons: The curia of
2610-517: The Administrator of Kodungalloor Archdiocese after him. The new administrator ran the affairs of the church, establishing his headquarters at Angamaly . In 1790, the headquarters of the Archdiocese was shifted to Vadayar , dodging the invasion of Tippu Sultan . In the last four years of his life, Thomma Kathanar managed church administration from his own parish, Ramapuram . Angamaly Padiyola ,
2697-641: The Anaphora of Theodore which was withdrawn from use after the Synod of Diamper (a large number of churches used it up to 1896) is being used again in the Syro-Malabar Church after 415 years is indeed an important historical reality. In a way the Syro-Malabar church rejected the Synod of Diamper . Pope Pius XII during the process of restoration of the Syro-Malabar Qurbana in 1957 had requested the restoration of
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2784-421: The Anaphorae of Theodore and Nestorius. The draft of the Anaphora of Theodore was restored after meticulous study by the Central Liturgical Committee, Liturgical Research Centre, various sub-committees, and the eparchial liturgical commissions. Many changes befitting to the times have been made in the prayers, maintaining maximum fidelity to the original text of the Second Anaphora. It was this text so prepared that
2871-445: The Apostle 's evangelization efforts in 1st-century AD India. The earliest recorded organised Christian presence in India dates to the 4th century, when Persian missionaries of the East Syriac Rite tradition, members of what later became the Church of the East , established themselves in modern-day Kerala and Sri Lanka . The Church of the East shared communion with the Roman Imperial Church , within Nicene Christianity , until
2958-474: The Archdeacon. On 22 May 1653, at a general meeting held in Alangad , twelve priests laid hands on Archdeacon Thoma, proclaiming him bishop. After the consecration of Thoma I, The information about this consecration was then communicated to all the churches. The vast majority of churches accepted Thoma I as their bishop. At this point of time, Portuguese authorities requested direct intervention of Rome and hence Pope sent Carmelite Missionaries in two groups from
3045-463: The Archdiocese in matters of solving the crisis but was unsuccessful. On 7 December 2023, Pope Francis wrote in a letter to George Alencherry accepting his resignation as Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly . He also accepted the resignation of Andrews Thazhath as the Apostolic Administrator and appointed Bosco Puthur , due to Thazhath being the Archbishop of Trichur and President of the Catholic Bishops Conference of India. Pope Francis then made
3132-405: The Carmelites claimed 84 churches, leaving the native archdeacon Thoma I with 32 churches. The 84 churches and their congregations were the body from which the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church has descended. The other 32 churches and their congregations represented the nucleus from which the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church (Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church), the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church ,
3219-488: The Cheras, the place was later ruled by the Kingdom of Cochin (Perumpadapu Swaroopam). Although under British suzerainty (specifically the East India Company ) since the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 , Rama Varma XII of the Kingdom of Cochin moved his capital from Mattancherry to Tripunithura in about 1840. Fort Cochin Municipality was established in 1866 under the Madras Town Improvement Act of 1865, and municipal elections were first held in 1883. Ernakulam became
3306-452: The Eastern Churches (CCEO). The major archbishop presides over the entire church. The incumbent Major Archbishop is Raphael Thattil , serving since January 2024. It is the largest Syriac Christian church and the largest Eastern Catholic church. Syro-Malabar is a prefix reflecting the church's use of the East Syriac liturgy and origins in Malabar (modern Kerala). The name has been in usage in official Vatican documents since
3393-407: The Ernakulam Junction railway station has recently gotten underway. The Cochin International Airport is situated about 27 kilometers away from Ernakulam. The old civilian airport of Kochi was situated much closer to Ernakulam, at Willingdon Island . It is now formally known as INS Garuda , and is a part of the Southern Naval Commanheadquarters headquarters. Ernakulam region is connected with
3480-401: The Holy Apostles (Saints Mar Addai and Mar Mari ), Mar Theodore Mpašqana , and Mar Nestorius . The first is the most popularly and extensively used. The second is used (except when the third is ordered) from Advent to Palm Sunday . The third was traditionally used on the Epiphany and the feasts of St. John the Baptist and of the Greek Doctors , both of which occur in Epiphany-tide on
3567-424: The Holy See established two Apostolic Vicariates , Thrissur and Kottayam (later Changanassery) under the guidance of indigenous Syro-Malabar bishops, and named the Church as "The Syro-Malabar Church" to distinguish them from the Latins. The Holy See re-organized the Apostolic Vicariates in 1896 into three Apostolic Vicariates ( Thrissur , Ernakulam , and Changanassery ). A fourth Apostolic Vicariate ( Kottayam )
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3654-419: The Holy See in 1930. It is believed that the Saint Thomas Christians in Malabar came into contact with the Persian Church of the East in the middle of the 4th century. Saint Thomas Christians looked to Catholicos-Patriarch of the Church of the East for ecclesiastical authority. Although the bishops from the Middle East were the spiritual rulers of the Church, the general administration of the Church of Kerala
3741-409: The Jesuits, who represented and ruled the Latin Church of India in 1599. In a way, the SyroMalabar church rejected the Synod of Diamber (Udayamperoor) by restoring the Anaphora of Theodore and Anaphora of Nestorius. Liturgical latinisation was furthered in 1896 by Ladislaus Zaleski , the Apostolic Delegate to India , who requested permission to translate the Roman Pontifical into Syriac . This
3828-402: The Latin patriarch of Venice as arranged by the Pope Pius IV (1559–1565) in Rome. Subsequently, Abraham was appointed by Pope as Archbishop of Angamaly , with letters to the Archbishop of Goa and the Bishop of Cochin. In 1597, Abraham of Angamaly died. The Catholic Portuguese padroado Archbishop of Goa , Aleixo de Menezes , downgraded the Angamaly Archdiocese into a suffragan diocese of
3915-447: The Metran of the Catholic St. Thomas Christians. Thoma I, meanwhile sent requests to various Oriental Churches to receive canonical consecration as bishop. In 1665 Gregorios Abdal Jaleel , a bishop sent by the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch , arrived in India. The independent group under the leadership of Thoma I which resisted the authority of the Portuguese padroado welcomed him. Abdal Jaleel consecrated Thoma I canonically as
4002-472: The Oriental Churches – CCEO) as Monasteries, Hermitages, Orders, Congregations, Societies of Common Life in the Manner of Religious, Secular Institutes, and Societies of Apostolic Life. Active are: Seminaries of the Syro-Malabar Church are under the general supervision of the Roman Congregation for the Eastern Churches and share the Major archbishop as their common Chancellor. Saint Joseph's Seminary in Mangalapuzha, established by Syrian Catholics in 1865,
4089-399: The Syro Malabar Catholics from 1932 onwards to differentiate them from the Syro-Malankara Catholics in Kerala. The Indian East Syriac Catholic hierarchy was restored on 21 December 1923 with Augustine Kandathil as the first Metropolitan and Head of the Church with the name Syro-Malabar. In 2021, the Syro Malabar Synod of Bishops announced that the celebration of the Qurbana according to
4176-409: The Syro-Malabar Church began to function in March 1993 at the archbishop's house of Ernakulam-Angamaly. In May 1995, it was shifted to new premises at Mount St. Thomas near Kakkanad , Kochi . The newly constructed curial building was opened in July 1998. The administration of the Syro-Malabar Church has executive and judicial roles. The major archbishop, officials, various commissions, committees, and
4263-409: The United States, St. Thomas the Apostle Eparchy of Melbourne in Australia, Eparchy of Great Britain, and Eparchy of Mississauga, Canada enjoy personal jurisdiction. Most believers of this church are organized under five metropolitan archeparchies (archdioceses), all in Kerala, and their suffragan eparchies. The Religious Congregations are divided in the Eastern Catholic Church Law (Code of Canons of
4350-401: The Wednesday of the Rogation of the Ninevites, and on Maundy Thursday. The same pro-anaphoral part (Liturgy of the Word) serves for all three. In the second half of the 20th century, there was a movement for better understanding of the liturgical rites. A restored Eucharistic liturgy, drawing on the original East Syriac sources, was approved by Pope Pius XII in 1957, and for the first time on
4437-399: The arrival of Sebastaini, according to Jesuit reports. The Carmelite missionaries succeeded in convincing a group of St.Thomas Christians that the consecration of Archdeacon as bishop was not legitimate and Thoma I started losing his followers. In the meantime, Sebastiani returned to Rome and was ordained as bishop by Pope on 15 December 1659. Between 1661 and 1662, out of the 116 churches,
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#17328516666984524-440: The church is based in Kakkanad , Kochi . It is the largest among Saint Thomas Christians communities, with a population of 2.35 million in Kerala as per the 2011 Kerala state census and 4.53 million worldwide as estimated in the 2023 Annuario Pontificio . It is the second largest sui juris church within the communion of the Catholic Church after the Latin Church . The Syro-Malabar Church traces its origins to Thomas
4611-404: The church of Our Lady at Mattancherry near Cochin , formally stood before a crucifix and lighted candles and solemnly swore an oath upon the Gospel that they never again accept another European prelate. The exact wording used in Coonan Cross Oath is disputed. There are various versions about the wording of oath, one version being that the oath was directed against the Portuguese, another that it
4698-413: The city. Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi , Kannada , Tamil and Telugu are also sold in large numbers. Being the seat of the Cochin Stock Exchange , a number of financial publications are also published in the city. These include The Economic Times , Business Line , The Business Standard and The Financial Express . Prominent magazines and religious publications like
4785-483: The commissions are ordinarily bishops, but include priests. For judicial activities there is the major archiepiscopal ordinary tribunal formed in accordance with CCEO which has a statutes and sufficient personnel, with a president as its head. At present, Rev. Dr. Jose Chiramel is the president. The Major archiepiscopal curia functions in the curial building in Kerala, India. They have prepared the particular law for their Church and promulgated it part by part in Synodal News,
4872-524: The ecclesiastical provinces of the church at present, all in Kerala: Ernakulam-Angamaly, Changanacherry, Trichur, Tellicherry, and Kottayam. Archeparchy of Kottayam enjoys personal jurisdiction over the Southist (Knanaya) Syro-Malabar catholics whereas the remaining four are with mutually exclusive territories. These have another 13 suffragan eparchies: Bhadravathi, Belthangady, Irinjalakuda, Kanjirapally, Kothamangalam, Idukki, Mananthavady, Mandya, Palai, Palghat, Ramanathapuram, Thamarassery, and Thuckalay within
4959-411: The election, with Thattil now heading the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. As per the East Syriac tradition, liturgical day of the Syro-Malabar Church starts at sunset (6 pm). Also the worshiper has to face the East while worshiping. This is not followed after Latinization. According to the East Syriac (Edessan or Persian) tradition, the following are the seven times of prayer: The Holy Mass, which
5046-440: The existing provinces of the church. There are 13 further eparchies within the canonical territory of the Major Archiepiscopal Church of which Adilabad, Bijnor, Chanda, Gorakhpur, Jagdalpur, Rajkot, Sagar, Satna, and Ujjain in India are with exclusive jurisdiction within Latin provinces and Kalyan, Faridabad, Hosur and Shamshabad are with personal jurisdiction over Syro-Malabar catholics in India. The St. Thomas Eparchy of Chicago in
5133-474: The feast of St. Thomas on 3 July 1962 the vernacular, Malayalam , was introduced for the celebration of the Syro-Malabar Qurbana. Currently they celebrate the Divine Liturgy of Addai and Mari and the Anaphora of Theodre in mostly Malayalam, with Syriac and English influences. Besides the Anaphora of Mar Addai and Mar Mari being used currently in Syro-Malabar liturgy, there are two more anaphorae known as Anaphora of Theodore and Anaphora of Nestorius . That
5220-509: The first Major Archbishop . The Syro-Malabar Church shares the same liturgy with the Chaldean Catholic Church based in Iraq and the independent Assyrian Church of the East based in Iraq , including its archdiocese the Chaldean Syrian Church of India . The Syro-Malabar Church is the third-largest particular church ( sui juris ) in the Catholic Church, after the Latin Church and the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church . The Catholic Saint Thomas Christians ( Pazhayakūttukār ) came to be known as
5307-444: The first head and archbishop. As such, the Syro-Malabar Church became an autonomous sui iuris Eastern Catholic Church. The Syro-Malabars are unique among Catholics in their inculturation with traditional Hindu customs through Saint Thomas Christian heritage. Scholar and theologian Placid Podipara describes the Saint Thomas Christian community as "Hindu in culture, Christian in religion, and Oriental in worship." The Church
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#17328516666985394-435: The following 16 October from Bishop René-Jean-Baptiste-Germain Feuga, with Bishop Francis Xavier Muthappa and Archbishop Matthew Kavukattu serving as co-consecrators . After attending the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965, Padiyara returned to the Syro-Malabar Rite . On 13 June 1970 he was promoted to Archbishop of Changanassery . He was elected Vice President of the Indian Episcopal Conference (1976), President of
5481-491: The following routes: Major Malayalam newspapers published in Ernakulam include Malayala Manorama , Mathrubhumi , Janmabhoomi , Madhyamam , Deshabhimani , Deepika , Kerala Kaumudi , Thejas , Metro Vartha , Siraj Daily , Varthamanam , Janayugam , Kochi Vartha and Veekshanam . Popular English newspapers include Deccan Chronicle , The Times of India , The Hindu , and The New Indian Express . A number of evening papers are also published from
5568-400: The jurisdiction for Latin Catholics. He established two Apostolic Vicariates for Syro-Malabar, Thrissur and Changanassery (originally named Kottayam), and in 1896, the Vicariate of Ernakulam was erected as well, governed by indigenous Syro-Malabar bishops. In 1923, the Syro-Malabar hierarchy was organized and unified under Ernakulam as the Metropolitan See, with Augustine Kandathil as
5655-485: The local church, and for the appointment of bishops from local priests. To represent their position, Kerala's Syrian Catholics Joseph Kariattil and Paremmakkal Thomma Kathanar went to Rome in 1778. While they were in Europe, Kariatty Joseph Kathanar was installed in Portugal as the Archbishop of Kodungalloor Archdiocese. While journeying home, they stayed in Goa where Kariattil died before he could formally take charge. Before he died, Kariattil appointed Kathanar as
5742-439: The mean sea level. Under the Köppen climate classification , the city of Ernakulam features a Tropical monsoon climate . Since the region lies in the south western coastal state of Kerala , the climate is tropical, with only minor differences in temperatures between day and night, as well as over the year. Summer lasts from March to May, and is followed by the South-west monsoon from June to September. October and November form
5829-477: The monk Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa as a rival patriarch. Sulaqa's subsequent consecration by Pope Julius III (1550–1555) saw a permanent split in the Church of the East; and the reunion with Catholic Church resulted in the formation of the modern-day Chaldean Catholic Church of Iraq . Thus, parallel to the "traditionalist" (often referred as Nestorian) Patriarchate of the East, the "Chaldean" Patriarchate in communion with Rome came into existence. Following
5916-417: The native Apostolic vicar of Malabar . During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Archdiocese of Cranganore remained under the Syro-Malabar, but it was later suppressed and integrated into the modern day Latin Archdiocese of Verapoly . After more than two centuries under the hegemony of the Latin Church, in 1887 Pope Leo XIII fully emancipated the Syro-Malabars, though the Archdiocese of Verapoly remained as
6003-422: The nineteenth century. The Syro-Malabar Church is primarily based in India; with five metropolitan archeparchies and ten suffragan eparchies in Kerala, there are 17 eparchies in other parts of India, and four eparchies outside India. The Syro-Malabar Synod of Bishops canonically convoked and presided over by the major archbishop constitutes the supreme authority of the church. The Major Archiepiscopal Curia of
6090-432: The official Bulletin of this Church. There are statutes for the permanent synod and for the superior and ordinary tribunals. CCEO c. 122 § 2 is specific in the particular law, that the term of the office shall be five years and the same person shall not be appointed for more than two terms consecutively. There are 35 eparchies (dioceses). Five of them are archeparchies (each administered by a Metropolitan Archbishop) leading
6177-418: The other parts of Kochi city with the Kochi Metro , which was opened in July 2017. The first phase is being set up at an estimated cost of ₹ 51.81 billion (US$ 620 million), and has a length of over 28 kilometres stretching from Aluva in the north to Tripunithura railway station in the southeast, passing through Ernakulam. Currently 25.6 km of phase 1 from Aluva to Pettah is open to public while
6264-617: The permanent synod form the executive part. The permanent synod and other offices are formed in accordance with the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (CCEO). The officials include the chancellor, vice-chancellor, and other officers. Various commissions are appointed by the major archbishop: Liturgy, Pastoral Care of the Migrant and Evangelisation, Particular Law, Catechism, Ecumenism, Catholic Doctrine, Clergy and Institutes of Consecrated Life, and Societies of Apostolic Life. The members of
6351-484: The post monsoon or retreating monsoon season. Winter from December through February is slightly cooler, and windy, due to winds from the Western Ghats . The city is drenched in the monsoonal season by heavy showers. The average annual rainfall is 3,000 mm (120 in). The South-west monsoon generally sets in during the last week of May. After July the rainfall decreases. On an average, there are 124 rainy days in
6438-505: The remaining 2.7 km from Pettah to Tripunithura is under construction. Ernakulam has a number of jetties where passengers can embark and disembark from ferries. Ferry services connect with Willingdon Island, Mattancherry , Fort Kochi and Mulavukadu, at intervals of 20 minutes. Kochi Water Metro is an integrated water metro system serving the Greater Kochi region. SWTD (Govt. of Kerala Department) offers cheap ferry service on
6525-521: The schism, both traditionalist and Chaldean factions began sending their bishops to Malabar. Abraham of Angamaly was one among them. He first came to India in 1556 from the traditionalist patriarchate. Deposed from his position in 1558, he was taken to Lisbon by the Portuguese, escaped at Mozambique and left for his mother church in Mesopotamia, entered into communion with the Chaldean patriarchate and Rome in 1565, received his episcopal ordination again from
6612-568: The title Malankara Church initially. Following the death of Palliveettil Chandy in 1687, the Syrian Catholics of the Malabar coast came under the parallel double jurisdiction of Vicariate Apostolic of Malabar under Roman Catholic Carmelites and Archdiocese of Cranganore under the Padroado. Thus many priests and laymen attempted to persuade the Pope to restore their Chaldean Catholic rite and hierarchy of
6699-468: The word Erangiyal got its start from a particular kind of mud. In the past, Lord Shiva was referred to as Erayanar in Chennai . This was done in Kerala as well, and it became known as Eranakulam after that. There are also other opinions about the origin of the name, saying that Rishinagakulam became Eranakulam after losing it, but that the word Ernakulam came from Eranakulathappan Temple, and that it came from
6786-519: The word Kulam (Pond) for a long time because it was full of water bodies. The region can claim to have played a significant part in fostering the trade relations between Kerala and the outside world in the ancient and medieval period. The early political history of Ernakulam is interlinked with that of the Chera Dynasty of the Sangam age , who ruled over vast portions of Kerala and Tamil Nadu . After
6873-532: Was ordained to the priesthood on 19 December 1945. He was incardinated into the Latin Rite Diocese of Coimbatore , where he served as curate at Peria Kodiveri and pastor at Kollegal and Ootacamund between 1946 and 1952. He became rector of the minor seminary in 1952 and a professor at St. Peter's Regional Seminary in 1954. On 3 July 1955, Padiyara was appointed Bishop of Ootacamund by Pope Pius XII . He received his episcopal consecration on
6960-565: Was directed against Jesuits, yet another version that it was directed against the authority of Latin Catholics. After the Coonan Cross Oath, the leaders of Saint Thomas Christians assembled at Edappally , where four senior priests Anjilimoottil Itty Thommen Kathanar of Kallisseri, Palliveettil Chandy Kathanar of Kuravilangad, Kadavil Chandy Kathanar of Kaduthuruthy and Vengoor Geevarghese Kathanar of Angamaly were appointed as advisors of
7047-477: Was established in 1911 for Knanaya Catholics. In 1923, Pope Pius XI (1922–1939) set up a full-fledged Syro-Malabar hierarchy with Ernakulam-Angamaly as the Metropolitan See and Augustine Kandathil as the first Head and Archbishop of the Church. In 1992, Pope John Paul II (1978–2005) raised the Syro-Malabar Church to Major Archepiscopal rank and appointed Cardinal Antony Padiyara of Ernakulam as
7134-491: Was governed by the indigenous Archdeacon. The Archdeacon was the head of Saint Thomas Christians. Even when there were more than one foreign bishop, there was only one Archdeacon for the entire community. The Church of the East Patriarch Shemon VII Ishoyahb 's unpopularity led to the schism of 1552 , due to the patriarchal succession being hereditary, normally from uncle to nephew. Opponents appointed
7221-539: Was on target to become the first district in the nation of India to have 100% banking, ensuring that all families, except for voluntary exclusions, hold bank accounts. Ernakulam, aka the CBD (Central Business District) of Kochi, has seen high urbanisation in the past few decades, thus turning it into an economic hub of the city. The first traces of this transformation were seen after the MG Road connecting Ravipuram and Kacherippady
7308-594: Was opened in 1972. The development took a new shape after the Greater Cochin Development Authority (GCDA) built the Marine Drive to the West of MG Road , in the late 70s. Marine Drive and MG Road thus became the backbone of Kochi's economic activities, and acted as the base for the city to expand in all directions thereafter. Although the current bypass of Ernakulam is quickly becoming the new Ernakulam
7395-523: Was sent to Rome for the recognition of the Apostolic See in accordance with the decision of the Syro-Malabar Synod. The Congregation for the Eastern Churches gave its approval for using this anaphora on an experimental basis for three years on 15 December 2012. After almost 420 years, the Anaphora of Nestorius was used by Syro-Malabar Catholics. The aftermath of the so-called Synod of Diamper was that any texts related to Nestorius were systematically burnt by
7482-524: Was supposed to be acting as the bypass for Kochi city, but the fast-paced urban expansion of Kochi has meant that the bypass quickly became a city road passing through the middle of it, thereby forcing the NHAI to propose a new bypass for the city. The state-owned Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) runs inter-state, inter-district and city services, mostly from the Ernakulam KSRTC bus stand which
7569-472: Was the choice of some Malabar prelates, who chose it over the East Syriac Rite and West Syriac Rite pontificals . A large number of Syro-Malabarians had schismed and joined with Assyrians at that time and various delayed the approval of this translation, until in 1934 Pope Pius XI stated that latinization was to no longer be encouraged. He initiated a process of liturgical reform that sought to restore
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