The term magnate , from the late Latin magnas , a great man, itself from Latin magnus , "great", means a man from the higher nobility, a man who belongs to the high office-holders or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops , archbishops and cardinals . In reference to the medieval , the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords , such as counts , earls , dukes , and territorial- princes from the baronage . In Poland the szlachta (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10-12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy.
21-606: The Pacific Amphitheatre is an amphitheatre in Costa Mesa , Orange County , California . The amphitheatre is located on the grounds of the OC Fair & Event Center . It opened in July 1983 with Barry Manilow as the first performer. The venue currently operates from early July through early September, predominantly during the annual Summer Concert Series at the OC Fair. Since reopening in 2003,
42-424: A central arena surrounded by perimeter seating tiers. The seating tiers were pierced by entrance-ways controlling access to the arena floor, and isolating it from the audience. Temporary wooden structures functioning as amphitheaters would have been erected for the funeral games held in honour of deceased Roman magnates by their heirs, featuring fights to the death by gladiators , usually armed prisoners of war, at
63-431: A decade, it was reopened in 2003, in conjunction with the annual OC Fair. As part of an agreement with local residents, the venue operates with a reduce capacity and with strict sound monitoring. In 2013, the venue underwent major construction reshaping the existing berm, reducing capacity from approximately 18,500 to 8,200 and creating a new lobby entrance from the inside of the fairgrounds. Notable performances include
84-719: A particular rock formation naturally amplifies or echoes sound, making it ideal for musical and theatrical performances. An amphitheatre can be naturally occurring formations which would be ideal for this purpose, even if no theatre has been constructed there. Notable natural amphitheatres include the Drakensberg Amphitheatre in South Africa , Slane Castle in Ireland , the Supernatural Amphitheatre in Australia , and
105-676: A survivalistic mistrust of nobles from his father. Henry VIII ennobled very few men, and the ones he did were all " new men ": novi homines , greatly indebted to him and with very limited power. The term was specifically applied to the members of the Upper House of the Diet of Hungary in the Apostolic Kingdom of Hungary , the Főrendiház , that can be translated as the House of Magnates , an equivalent to
126-591: The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Velikaš is the Serbo-Croatian word for 'magnate', derived from veliko ('great, large, grand'). It was used to refer to the highest nobility of Serbia in the Middle Ages and Croatia in the Middle Ages. In Spain, since the late Middle Ages, the highest class of nobility hold the appellation of Grandee of Spain and was known earlier as ricohombres . In Sweden,
147-724: The Red Rocks and the Gorge Amphitheatres in the western United States . There is evidence that the Anasazi people used natural amphitheatres for the public performance of music in Pre-Columbian times including a large constructed performance space in Chaco Canyon , New Mexico . Magnate In England , the magnate class went through a change in the later Middle Ages. It had previously consisted of all tenants-in-chief of
168-404: The (by now demolished) Gibson Amphitheatre and Chicago International Amphitheatre . In other languages (like German ) an amphitheatre can only be a circular performance space. A performance space where the audience is not all around the stage can not be called an amphitheatre—by definition of the word. A natural amphitheatre is a performance space located in a spot where a steep mountain or
189-592: The 5th century and of staged animal hunts in the 6th, most amphitheatres fell into disrepair. Their materials were mined or recycled. Some were razed, and others were converted into fortifications. A few continued as convenient open meeting places; in some of these, churches were sited. In modern english usage of the word, an amphitheatre is not only a circular, but can also be a semicircular or curved performance space, particularly one located outdoors. Contemporary amphitheatres often include standing structures, called bandshells , sometimes curved or bowl-shaped, both behind
210-554: The British Peers. In feudal Japan, the most powerful landholding magnates were known as daimyo . In the 11th and 12th centuries, the daimyo became military lords of samurai clans with territorial and proprietary control over private estates. Magnates were a social class of wealthy and influential nobility in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania , and later
231-600: The Tudor period, after Henry VII defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field , Henry made a point of executing or neutralising as many magnates as possible. Henry would make parliament attaint undesirable nobles and magnates, thereby stripping them of their wealth, protection from torture, and power. Henry also used the Court of the Star Chamber to have powerful nobles executed. Henry VIII continued this approach in his reign; he inherited
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#1732851912747252-493: The area of the Roman Empire . Their typical shape, functions and name distinguish them from Roman theatres , which are more or less semicircular in shape; from the circuses (similar to hippodromes ) whose much longer circuits were designed mainly for horse or chariot racing events; and from the smaller stadia , which were primarily designed for athletics and footraces. Roman amphitheatres were circular or oval in plan, with
273-505: The central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium . In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle , with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area. Modern english parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round , and stadia . They can be indoor or outdoor. About 230 Roman amphitheatres have been found across
294-503: The crown, a group of more than a hundred families. The emergence of Parliament led to the establishment of a parliamentary peerage that received personal summons, rarely more than sixty families. A similar class in the Gaelic world were the Flatha . In the Middle Ages, a bishop sometimes held territory as a magnate, collecting the revenue of the manors and the associated knights' fees . In
315-455: The final concert by Marvin Gaye on August 14, 1983, Frank Sinatra on September 8, 1990, Whitney Houston on May 17, 1991, during her I'm Your Baby Tonight World Tour , Bob Dylan on July 28, 2003, Taylor Swift (opening for Leann Rimes ) on July 31, 2007, Selena Gomez on July 24, 2011, and Trevor Noah on July 16, 2022. On June 30, 1984, a performance at the venue by Jefferson Starship
336-640: The funeral pyre or tomb of the deceased. These games are described in Roman histories as munera , gifts, entertainments or duties to honour deceased individuals, Rome's gods and the Roman community. Some Roman writers interpret the earliest attempts to provide permanent amphitheaters and seating for the lower classes as populist political graft, rightly blocked by the Senate as morally objectionable; too-frequent, excessively "luxurious" munera would corrode traditional Roman morals. The provision of permanent seating
357-613: The stage and behind the audience, creating an area which echoes or amplifies sound, making the amphitheatre ideal for musical or theatrical performances. Small-scale amphitheatres can serve to host outdoor local community performances. Notable modern amphitheatres include the Shoreline Amphitheatre , the Hollywood Bowl and the Aula Magna at Stockholm University. The term "amphitheatre" is also used for some indoor venues, such as
378-501: The venue has been independently managed and operated by the OC Fair & Event Center . The Pacific Amphitheatre is regularly ranked in the top 10 of international venues in Pollstar 's third quarter Worldwide Ticket Sales chart. The fairgrounds are surrounded by dense residential developments and the amphitheatre was the focus of numerous noise complaints and litigation from local residents resulting in its closure in 1995. After almost
399-742: Was broadcast live nationwide by the ABC Rock Radio Network. Amphitheatre An amphitheatre ( U.S. English : amphitheater ) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον ( amphitheatron ), from ἀμφί ( amphi ), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον ( théātron ), meaning "place for viewing". Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded
420-639: Was no standard size; the largest could accommodate 40,000–60,000 spectators. The most elaborate featured multi-storeyed, arcaded façades and were decorated with marble , stucco and statuary. The best-known and largest Roman amphitheatre is the Colosseum in Rome , also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre ( Amphitheatrum Flavium ), after the Flavian dynasty who had it built. After the ending of gladiatorial games in
441-594: Was thought a particularly objectionable luxury. The earliest permanent, stone and timber Roman amphitheatre with perimeter seating was built in the Campus Martius in 29 BCE. Most were built under Imperial rule, from the Augustan period (27 BCE–14 CE) onwards. Imperial amphitheatres were built throughout the Roman Empire, especial in provincial capitals and major colonies, as an essential aspect of Romanitas . There
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