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43-699: The PDL traces its roots in the National Salvation Front (FSN), the governing body which, under the leadership of Ion Iliescu , seized power during the Romanian Revolution of 1989 which ended the previous 42 year-long Communist regime in Romania. Conflicts broke out between FSN leaders Ion Iliescu and Petre Roman in early 1992, and this led to the separation of the Iliescu wing under the name of Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN), which later became

86-544: A left-wing socialist , Petre Roman was largely the middle ground between the world-views of his colleagues, as he wanted to replace the Marxist view of socialism as a transitory stage with a more democratic understanding of socialism . Petre Roman participated directly in the Romanian Revolution, forming a barricade in the centre of Bucharest from the days of 21 and 22 December. On 22 December 1989, Petre Roman spoke from

129-404: A daughter, Oana. In February 2007, husband and wife confirmed that they were divorcing; the divorce was made final on Good Friday , 6 April 2007. In June 2009, he married a pregnant Silvia Chifiriuc (who is 26 years his junior) in a Romanian Orthodox wedding. Petre Roman was heavily involved in the Romanian Revolution of December 1989 as a member of the National Salvation Front (FSN), both as

172-584: A professor at the University of Bucharest , who had no connection to the leaders of the NSF. This was contradicted by Nicolae Militaru , who claimed that he, together with Ion Iliescu, led a clandestine National Salvation Front which asked Melian to write this appeal. On 27 December, the FSN decreed the abolition of the one-party system and called for free elections. Shortly afterwards, two major political parties claiming to be

215-490: A revolutionary and as a leading political figure. Given that the revolution was led by politicians united not by a cohesive ideology, but by resentment towards the Ceaușescu regime , in-fighting soon began, especially between its leaders, namely, centre-left liberal Dumitru Mazilu , who wished to instill capitalism , and neo-communist Ion Iliescu , who wanted to keep communism/hard line socialism, but remove Ceaușescu. As

258-454: Is a Romanian engineer and politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from 1989 to 1991, when his government was overthrown by the intervention of the miners led by Miron Cozma in the September 1991 Mineriad . Although regarded as the first Romanian prime minister since 1945 who was not a communist or communist sympathiser, he was a socialist. He later self-identified as a liberal . He

301-654: Is influenced by liberal conservatism and social conservatism . In this respect the party is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and the Centrist Democrat International (IDC–CDI). The PDL supports a consolidation of the free market and is supportive of Romania's flat-rate income tax of 16%. The party also supports reforming the Romanian Constitution in order to bring about a decentralisation in administration and give greater power to

344-745: Is worth noting what Băsescu, stemming as a presidential candidate from the Democratic Party (PD), as part of the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), remarked rhetorically in a live TV debate with Adrian Năstase , stemming from the Social Democratic Party (PSD), before the 2004 run-off presidential election : "You know what Romania's greatest curse is right now? It's that Romanians have to choose between two former Communist Party (PCR) members." Petre Roman Petre Roman ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈpetre ˈroman] ; born 22 July 1946)

387-574: The Assembly of Deputies and the Senate . Petre Roman remained Prime Minister, and its government started cautious economic reforms. After growing tensions between Iliescu and Roman, on 7 April 1992, Iliescu and many other members left the FSN and created the Democratic National Salvation Front ( Romanian : Frontul Democrat al Salvării Naționale , FDSN), which eventually developed to be

430-641: The Right Romania Alliance (ARD). The alliance was dissolved on 9 December 2013. After Băsescu's break with the new president of PD-L, Vasile Blaga , his supporters created the People's Movement Party (PMP) in June 2013. Years later, 2020, Băsescu tried to rename PMP to Democratic-Liberal Party, but he couldn't get PNL's approval for this. Basescu joked, saying that "the followers of the Brătianu family should remain in

473-532: The Romanian Revolution of 1989, when he was among the crowd occupying the National Television building, and broadcasting messages expressing revolutionary triumph. He became provisional prime minister after the overthrow of the Communist regime, and was confirmed in office in June 1990, three months after the country's first free election in 53 years. In 1974 Roman married Mioara Georgescu, with whom he has

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516-561: The Social Democratic Party (PSD). In 1993, the FSN was renamed Democratic Party (PD) and distanced itself from its social-democratic roots to gradually become a centre-right party, whose ideology was transmitted to the PDL. In advance of the 2004 general election , the PD joined forces with the National Liberal Party (PNL) to create the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), whose main purpose

559-584: The Social Democratic Party and was elected in the General Council of Bucharest in 2020, but he resigned shortly afterwards. In 2022, Petre Roman emigrated to Switzerland, in order to become the president of the Swiss UMEF (university of applied sciences institute) . Petre Roman was born in Bucharest . His father, Valter Roman , born Ernst or Ernő Neuländer of Transylvanian Hungarian-Jewish descent,

602-428: The acting / ad interim Prime Minister of the provisional FSN government. At the 20 May 1990 elections –the first free elections held in the country in 53 years and colloquially known as the "Blindman's Sunday" ( Romanian : Duminica orbului )–he was elected as a deputy from Bucharest on the FSN list. Shortly afterwards, then president Iliescu designated him once more as prime minister on 20 June 1990. He

645-755: The social-democratic rose as its symbol, as a memory of PD's left-wing past. At the 2008 legislative election , the PDL won the most seats in chambers and formed a new government coalition with the PSD. The two parties fell out in 2009 and the government was replaced by another one including the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) and the National Union for the Progress of Romania (UNPR). Later, in 2012, due to massive street protests , Prime Minister Emil Boc resigned and president Traian Băsescu appointed

688-570: The Communist party in members such as Ion Iliescu. In the following years, the naming identity between the power body created in December 1989 and the group signing the November 1989 leaflets led some to question whether the National Salvation Front (FSN) existed as an underground organization. According to Silviu Brucan , this was not the case, as the letters were written by Alexandru Melian,

731-471: The FSN against what he noted as "fascist forces, trying to destabilise the country". This has resulted in what were named the first and second Mineriads . FSN agreed to allow other parties to participate in the provisional government. The new governing body, the Provisional Council of National Unity ( Romanian : Consiliul Provizoriu de Uniune Națională , CPUN), still dominated by FSN, would run

774-412: The FSN into a political party. Some members of FSN, like Dumitru Mazilu, Mircea Dinescu , Ion Caramitru , Andrei Pleșu , Dan Hăulică, Gabriel Liiceanu , or Doina Cornea resigned before FSN became a political party. On 6 February 1990, the FSN, transformed itself into a political party, in order to be able to run in the upcoming elections. Except for a few newspapers, FSN had extensive control over

817-573: The National Integrity Agency with incompatibility, but restored to office in 2016 after the Court of Appeals overturned the ruling. He is also a member of the Club of Madrid , a group of more than 80 democratic former statesmen, which works to strengthen democratic governance and leadership. In the early 2020 he joined Ilan Laufer 's Social Liberal Platform, but he left it shortly afterwards. He joined

860-500: The National Salvation Front (FSN), more specifically the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL), the latter which ultimately merged into the National Liberal Party (PNL) in 2014, governed or participated in government coalitions from 1990 until today. The former President Traian Băsescu entered politics as an FSN member and served as Minister of Transportation in several FSN governments. It

903-625: The PNL, and Petre Roman 's followers should come to the PMP, alluding to the FSN -related past of the PD-L. In the 2014 European elections , the PDL received 12.2% of the national vote and returned 5 MEPs. In late May 2014, the party agreed in principle to a future merger with the National Liberal Party (PNL), and for the two parties to submit a joint candidate for the upcoming 2014 presidential election . On 17 July 2014 it

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946-546: The Romanian mass-media, particularly the state owned television company and the newly founded Adevărul newspaper. Anti-FSN demonstrations were mounted by the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD) and the National Liberal Party (PNL) in late January and late February 1990, that degenerated into violence against state authorities. In turn, Iliescu called on the working class to support

989-572: The Six " was circulated in the Western media and read on Radio Free Europe . In 1989, before the 14th Congress of the Romanian Communist Party, two letters signed "National Salvation Front" began circulating. They were read on Radio Free Europe on 27 August and 8 November. The first letter had a number of questions about Ceaușescu's mismanagement of the economy and human rights violations , while

1032-527: The balcony of the headquarters of the Central Committee against the Ceaușescu regime, the first public demonstration of its kind. On 22 December, he became a member of the Provisional Council of the National Salvation Front (CPFSN) established for the coordination of the revolutionary process and the establishment of democracy once the revolution had concluded. On 26 December 1989, Roman was appointed as

1075-511: The country from early February 1990 until the elections. Another, much larger, demonstration (the Golaniad ) against FSN's participation in the elections was organised in April 1990 and lasted 52 days, until 13–15 June, when it was violently dispersed by the third Mineriad . The FSN had strong support among the peasants and the urban industrial workers, while the PNL and PNŢCD had strong support among

1118-612: The country's eight development regions . Shortly before the 2008 legislative election the PDL had 69 deputies, of which Notes : Right Romania Alliance members: PDL, FC (1 senator and 3 deputies), and PNȚ-CD (1 senator and 1 deputy). Notes : Klaus Iohannis was a member of the PNL, but he was the candidate of the Christian Liberal Alliance (ACL); alliance members: PNL and PDL. National Salvation Front (Romania) The National Salvation Front ( Romanian : Frontul Salvării Naționale , FSN )

1161-479: The current Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD). Petre Roman remained leader of the FSN. On 28 May 1993, the party was renamed Democratic Party – National Salvation Front ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat – Frontul Salvării Naționale , PD-FSN), before shortening its name to Democratic Party (PD) in 1998. The National Salvation Front (FSN) has had a major impact on post-1989 Romanian politics . The two parties that emerged from

1204-609: The independent Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu, former SIE commander, to form a new cabinet which was invested by a vote in Parliament in February 2012. After a two-month parliamentary protest, the opposition managed to pass a motion of no confidence on the 5 May 2012, sending the PDL in opposition. When the government fell, Traian Băsescu consulted the parliamentary parties and decided to nominate PSD leader Victor Ponta as Prime Minister. On 10 June 2012, local elections were held in Romania. The PDL

1247-415: The intellectuals in urban areas. As popular anger was directly primarily at the Ceaușescu family , the FSN benefited from the institutional links of the disbanded Communist Party and needed no specific program in order to win the elections, being a catch-all party . FSN and its candidate Ion Iliescu comfortably won the legislative and presidential elections on 20 May 1990, obtaining a majority in both

1290-476: The leadership of President Iliescu; and FSN, under the leadership of Petre Roman (in 1993, it was the renamed as the Democratic Party (PD). The National Salvation Front (FSN) founded by Iliescu and Roman was the common root of two of the largest active political parties in post-communist Romania: the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the Democratic Party (PD, later the Democratic Liberal Party , PDL, after

1333-537: The merger with a splinter group from PNL, the Liberal Democratic Party , PLD). In 2014, the second party (the former PD; then PDL) merged into the National Liberal Party (PNL). In March 1989 six prominent members of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) wrote an open letter to President Nicolae Ceaușescu that criticised his abuses of power and his economic policies. The so-called " Letter of

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1376-578: The president and Petre Roman as the interim Prime Minister. The initial membership of FSN came from diverse backgrounds: intellectuals, students, army officers, but the leaders were mostly former Communist officials (see List of members of the National Salvation Front Council ). People flocked to the National Salvation Front (FSN) for a multitude of reasons ranging from religious oppression in members such as László Tőkés and alleged mismanagement and marginalization of undesirables within

1419-452: The second letter appealed to the Congress not to re-elect Ceaușescu. The creation of the FSN was officially announced to the public by Ion Iliescu in radio and TV addresses on 22 December 1989, after the overthrow of Ceaușescu in the Romanian Revolution . The FSN proclaimed itself the supreme power within Romania. Within four days, the FSN formed an interim government with Ion Iliescu being

1462-465: The successors of the two most important pre-Communist Romanian parties, more specifically the National Peasants' Party (PNŢ) and the National Liberal Party (PNL), were founded and registered. At first, the FSN announced that it would not be nominating candidates in the forthcoming elections. However, Silviu Brucan then launched the concept of the big party and supported the transformation of

1505-444: The then president of PDL, Emil Boc, resigned and called for an early National Convention (congress) of the party, which was held on the 30 June 2012. The Convention elected Vasile Blaga to become the new party president of the PDL and Gheorghe Flutur as secretary-general. In the run to the parliamentary elections the PDL announced an alliance with the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD) and Civic Force (FC) to form

1548-431: The upcoming presidential election. In the first round of the 2014 presidential election held on 2 November 2014, ACL candidate Klaus Iohannis received 30.4% of the vote, coming in second place behind Victor Ponta , the PSD candidate and incumbent Prime Minister. In the runoff election held on 16 November 2014, Iohannis received 54.5% of the vote, becoming the surprise victory of the Romanian presidency. The PDL's ideology

1591-651: Was a veteran of the Spanish Civil War , a Comintern activist, and a prominent member of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). His mother Hortensia Vallejo was a Spaniard exiled who would become director of the Spanish section of Radio Romania International. The couple married in Moscow , and he has several siblings. Roman attended the Petru Groza High School in his native city. He first rose to prominence during

1634-413: Was able to win only two county council presidents (namely in the counties of Arad and Alba ) and 10 major city mayors (Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, Arad, Suceava, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Alba Iulia, Tulcea, Târgu Mureș, Piatra Neamț, and Târgoviște), which represented a crushing defeat, even if the party accqired 27% of Romania's mayors and almost 23% of the county and local councillors. Because of these results,

1677-547: Was also the president of the Senate from 1996 to 1999 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1999 to 2000. He was the leader of the Democratic Force (FD) party, which he founded after leaving the Democratic Party (PD) in 2003. He had previously served as an MP in the Lower Chamber , elected in 2012 , elected as a member of the National Liberal Party . He had been removed from his seat in 2015 after being charged by

1720-530: Was announced that the new party formed from a future merger of the PDL and PNL would keep the National Liberal Party name, while being situated in the PDL's existing headquarters in Bucharest and would be registered by the end of 2014. On 26 July 2014, a joint party congress of the PDL and PNL approved the merger. On 28 July 2014 the PDL and PNL formed the Christian Liberal Alliance (ACL) to jointly contest

1763-524: Was elected with 85% of the vote. Iliescu nominated again Petre Roman as the Prime Minister of the first cabinet formed after the first free and fair elections. After the fourth ” mineriadă ”, Roman was forced to resign. The controversy between the two national leaders was finalized in 1992, at the national Congress of FSN, when the party split in two: the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN), under

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1806-406: Was the most important political organization formed during the Romanian Revolution in December 1989, which became the governing body of Romania in the first weeks after the collapse of the communist regime . It subsequently became a political party, the largest post-communist party, and won the 1990 election with 66% of the national vote, under the leadership of then-President Ion Iliescu , who

1849-457: Was to oppose the governing Social Democratic Party (PSD). From mid 2005, the PD's relations with the PNL also became strained. On 15 December 2007, the PD merged into the new Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) along with the Liberal Democratic Party (PLD), a splinter group from the PNL which was led by Theodor Stolojan . The PLD approved the merger in a party congress with 933 votes in favour, six abstentions, and one against. The PDL still kept

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