48-521: Oxford Military College was an all-male private boarding school and military academy in Cowley , Oxford , England , from 1876 to 1896. The military college opened on 7 September 1876. Prince George, Duke of Cambridge was the patron of the Oxford Military College. The military college was declared bankrupt in 1896. The college's 88 acres (36 ha) site later housed Morris Motors (1912–25) and
96-442: A Head Master, Second Master & Senior Classical Master, 13 Assistant Masters, 2 examiners (classics), a physician & visiting surgeon, organist, an inspector & instructor of gymnastics, and a riding master. Some of the courses at the college were instructed by current or former officers. Brigade Sergeant-Major Royal Horse Artillery William H. Garlick, for example, was Riding Master at Oxford Military College c. 1883. In 1894,
144-519: A huge industrial centre. In the Great Depression many people left areas of high unemployment such as South Wales and moved to the Cowley area to work in Cowley's factories. Large areas of housing were built and rented out to the migrants. Florence Park was one area built in the 1920s for a private landlord to rent to new workers. The houses looked nice but they were poorly built and maintained, until
192-609: A three- to four-year duration. The fee ranged from 90 to 100 guineas a year. During an address in 1886 to the students of the Oxford Military College, Lord Wolseley expressed regret that there were no students from the Colonies since youth from the Colonies would weld together the empire. Six colonial scholarships were offered subsequently annually, two scholarships in each of the principal colonies. The scholarships of £50 and £25 were awarded for three years depending on residency and satisfactory conduct. To qualify for entry via scholarship,
240-488: Is a residential and industrial area in Oxford , in the county of Oxfordshire , England. Cowley's neighbours are Rose Hill and Blackbird Leys to the south, Headington to the north and the villages of Horspath and Garsington across fields to the east. Internationally, Cowley is best known for its automotive industry - historically it was the home of the car manufacturer Morris (later absorbed into British Leyland , then
288-535: Is also the chapel of Christ Church, Oxford . The Oxford diocese at the present day contains the greatest number of parishes of any diocese on England (621) and also the most church buildings (815), of which 475 are grade 1 or 2* listed buildings . Croft is the first to reside at the new Bishop's Lodge, Kidlington ; "for decades" previously, bishops had resided at Linton Road in North Oxford. Each bishop signs + Christian name Oxon: ; e.g. + Steven Oxon: . List of
336-491: Is often called the Cowley Road area, after the road across the fields from Oxford to Cowley villages. The term Cowley today usually refers to the remainder of Cowley (the parish of Cowley St James where the original Cowley villages stood), which became part of the city of Oxford in 1928. However, because the settlements of Cowley were situated within the larger Cowley parishes, there are still some modern contexts (such as
384-541: The Maestro and Montego in the 1980s. The Morris Motors factory expanded with factory complexes on both sides of the Oxford Road. Although Morris started his original work on the outskirts of the city the Cowley site quickly became the production site for high volume production. It was the original base of Morris cars when the marque was founded in 1912, and production continued at the factory until 1982, with models including
432-524: The Marquis of Hertford , the Marquis of Lorne , General Sir Dighton Probyn , General William McMurdo , Colonel Duncan, Sir Charles Tupper and Sir Saul Samuel , Sir Walter Buller , Sir James Francis Garrick , and Sir Arthur Blyth . Candidates for military commissions were to enter not later than the age of 13 in the UK, or 14 in the colonies. The 13-week training duration consisted of three terms and vacations over
480-522: The Mini factory, stood Johnson's Café, which fed thousands of Morris Motors workers in the past. It was founded decades ago by Reginald Johnson and until its final day its interior was decorated with bold murals of early speedway stars. Reginald's sons Aubrey and Len took over after the Second World War . Len's son Joe Johnson was an international motocross star in the 1960s until he settled down to run
528-643: The Morris Minor , Morris Oxford , Riley Motor and Wolseley Motors cars. The Morris marque was not abandoned until 1984 when production of the Longbridge-built Morris Ital and development of the Morris Marina finished. The factory then became the production facility for the Maestro , Montego and the Princess Range. Production continued with the facility totally given over to production of
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#1732852318441576-553: The Nuffield Press (1925-1992). The main college building (manor house) was demolished in 1957. The buildings were used by the Nuffield Press until the mid 1990s after which they were converted into residential flats. The College provided a four-year college preparatory curriculum: First year (age 13–14); Second year (age 14–15); Third year (age 15–16); Fourth year (age 16–17); Final year (age 17–18). The school drew its cadets from
624-499: The Rover 600 and Rover 800 . These models were replaced by the Rover 75 in late 1998, but BMW broke up the Rover Group in 2000 and Rover 75 production moved to Longbridge . The original Morris Motor sites were flattened and a technology park has since been created on the site. The former Nuffield Press site including the former Oxford Military College buildings was redeveloped in
672-609: The Rover Group they decide to retain the Pressed Steel Fisher site and transfer the Mini from Longbridge to Cowley, enabling the Longbridge site to continue to produce all the Rover products. BMW retained ownership of the Cowley plant, formerly Pressed Steel, to build the all-new Mini that was launched in the spring of 2001. It has been the best selling car to be built at the plant since
720-408: The Rover Group ), which has now evolved into Mini . The Cowley area has been inhabited since Roman times . The line of a Roman road runs north-south along the eastern edge of Cowley. It linked a Roman town at Dorchester-on-Thames with a Roman military camp at Alchester near Bicester . A road called Roman Way follows part of its route. It is behind the Mini car factory, starting opposite
768-534: The Stagecoach in Oxfordshire bus garage. Cowley coalesced from the former villages of Middle Cowley, Temple Cowley and Church Cowley (around St James church), though the ancient parish of Cowley covered much of the area now known as East Oxford . The western portion of the original parish of Cowley was split off and became part of the city of Oxford in 1889, and was given the name of Cowley St John, though today it
816-487: The Wycombe Railway , opened a station called Morris Cowley to serve some of the thousands of workers commuting to the factory. In 1933, a goods yard was built beside the line to bring supplies into the factory and take completed vehicles away. This yard still exists and serves the current vehicle-manufacturing plant, though the railway beyond has long been lifted. From the 1920s through to the 1960s, Cowley expanded into
864-432: The 1980s the group was known as Austin Rover , in the 1990s it was Rover Group and since 2001 the factory has been owned by BMW . But the name "Morris's" is ingrained in local culture and speech habits, particularly amongst older inhabitants. By the early 1970s, over 20,000 people worked in Cowley at the vast Morris Motors and Pressed Steel Fisher plants. Unipart is also a major employer in Cowley, with premises next to
912-602: The Church in England, established by Act of Parliament in 1542 six new dioceses, mostly out of the spoils of the suppressed monasteries. These six were Bristol, Chester, Gloucester, Oxford, Peterborough and Westminster. This intervention by Henry VIII saw a new see located at Osney in Oxfordshire in 1542 before finally being moved to its present location in the City of Oxford in 1546. While
960-641: The Cowley Fathers mentioned below) when the term "Cowley" is used to refer to other areas in East Oxford outside of Cowley proper. Cowley was a manor from Medieval times, and a 16th-century manor house stood on Oxford Road near the corner with Hollow Way. In 1139, Matilda of Boulogne founded Temple Cowley here for the Knights Templar . The house became part of the Oxford Military College which
1008-556: The See on 6 July 2016. The Bishop of Oxford has authority throughout the diocese, but also has primary responsibility for the city and suburbs of Oxford, which form the Archdeaconry of Oxford. From 1636 the Bishop was housed in the purpose-built Cuddesdon Palace . The origins of Christianity in this part of England go back at least to the 7th century, when Saint Birinus brought his mission to
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#17328523184411056-604: The United Kingdom and the Colonies. Candidates, whether sons of officers or not, were prepared for commissions in the military service, for any profession or business. The senior pupils were enabled to enter the University as unattached students, and to proceed to degrees. It combined classical studies with a military curriculum. The College provided instruction in military riding, infantry drill, lance , sword , carbine drill, swimming and gymnastics. The staff initially consisted of
1104-689: The West Saxons in 634. The West Saxon King Cynegils was baptised in the River Thames near the present site of Dorchester Abbey , where the original See was established. The see was transferred in 1092 to Winchester , before being absorbed into the Diocese of Lincoln , the vast extent of which covered much of central and eastern England from the River Thames to the Humber . King Henry VIII , acting now as head of
1152-410: The air filtration systems. The site now belongs to Oxford Brookes University who built student accommodation on the site, and now use the former bunker as a storage facility making it the only student halls in the country with its own nuclear shelter. In 1921 the civil parish had a population of 2790. On 1 April 1929 the parish was abolished and merged with St Giles and St John . The Cowley area
1200-415: The cafe alongside Aubrey and his son, Andrew, after Len's death. After Aubrey's death in the 1980s the cafe was run by Andrew and Joey to the end. This cafe suffered an armed robbery on 16 January 2008 and closed in 2009. The building is now occupied by Oxford Spin & Fitness centre. Schools serving Cowley include Greyfriars Catholic School and Oxford Spires Academy . Cowley is a principal setting in
1248-522: The car factory. In later years Morris Motors and Pressed Steel became one company. Subsequently the Morris's site was closed down, demolished, and redeveloped as the Oxford Business Park. The car factory is known today as Plant Oxford and is now owned by BMW and has been extensively redeveloped. It remains the largest industrial employer in Oxfordshire employing more than 4,300 people. The plant
1296-476: The city gained prosperity from the accession of thousands of students, it was never, apart from the university, again prominent in history until the seventeenth century, when it became the headquarters of the Royalist party, and again the meeting-place of Parliament. The city of Oxford showed its Hanoverian sympathies long before the university, and feeling between them ran high in consequence. The area and population of
1344-636: The city remained almost stationary until about 1830, but since then it has grown rapidly. The modern diocese covers the counties of Oxfordshire , Berkshire, and Buckinghamshire , with parishes also in Bedfordshire , Gloucestershire, Hampshire , Hertfordshire, and Warwickshire . The see is in the City of Oxford where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Christ which was elevated to cathedral status in 1546, and which (uniquely among English dioceses)
1392-410: The corner with Hollow Way . The campus consisted of school buildings, playing fields, and a central parade square. The college was extended with the addition of an east wing designed by Sir Thomas Graham Jackson . Albert Parker, 3rd Earl of Morley laid the foundation stone on 21 July 1877. The Oxford Military College Council consisted of: Lord Wolseley , Lord Wantage , Lord Napier (of Magdala),
1440-784: The headmaster of the College set a paper, which was decided by the examiners for general proficiency or excellence in one or more subjects. The scholarships were awarded to boys of good character of 14–16 years of age, whose parents or guardians lived in the Colonies. Owners who held over 20 shares of the college could nominate a student at a lower rate than others. Annual prizes were awarded for French, dictation, mathematics, religious instruction (given by Bishop of Oxford John Fielder Mackarness ); history (given by Sir Edmund Lechmere, 3rd Baronet M.P.), German (given by Colonel Moncrieff). Alumni includes military, civic and business leaders. Cowley, Oxfordshire Cowley ( / ˈ k aʊ l ɪ / )
1488-482: The late 1990s into housing. The business park has attracted a large David Lloyd Leisure centre and offices of numerous companies including the European headquarters of Harley-Davidson Motorcycles and the headquarters of international aid charity Oxfam GB . Cowley is an ethnically diverse community, with significant black and South Asian communities. Cowley has a strong sporting tradition. In 1938 Oxford Stadium
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1536-635: The novel The Alteration by Kingsley Amis , set in an alternative reality where the Protestant Reformation never occurred. Cowley was the site of the Holy Victory in the War of English Succession (where 'Henry the Abominable' attempted to seize the throne from his nephew Stephen II, resulting in a papal crusade). As a result, it was renamed Coverley and made the ecclesiastical capital of England, surpassing
1584-466: The same decade the railway between Princes Risborough and Oxford closed, but the track between Kennington Junction and Cowley remains open for freight in and out of the car factory. Between 1980 and 1992 the headquarters of the United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation (UKWMO) was located in a converted barracks building at Cowley Barracks on James Wolfe Road, Cowley. The UKWMO
1632-475: The secular capital of London in terms of importance. On his 1992 tour of England (heard on the posthumously released Shock and Awe album), the comedian and satirist Bill Hicks stated that he had found the "Alabama of Britain" whilst attending a radio interview in Cowley. Cowley is referenced in the lyrics of the song "Zorbing" by the British alternative indie folk band Stornoway : "Been Zorbing through
1680-593: The staff listed in Whitaker's Almanack consisted of a head master G.B. Grundy, 8 Assistant Masters, and a Secretary to Directors. William John Locke , the novelist, was a master at the Oxford Military College at Temple Cowley in 1889 and 1890. The buildings, which had been used previously by the Cowley Middle Class School, were purchased for the College in July 1876. A 16th-century manor house stood on Oxford Road near
1728-592: The streets of Cowley". Young detective Endeavour Morse is based at Cowley Road police station in the Inspector Morse prequel Endeavour . Bishop of Oxford The Bishop of Oxford is the diocesan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Oxford in the Province of Canterbury ; his seat is at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford . The current bishop is Steven Croft , following the confirmation of his election to
1776-475: The successful Allen Scythe powered by a small Villiers petrol engine. The works closed in the early 1980s, and the Templars Shopping Park formerly known as John Allen Centre retail park has since been built on the site. The Oxford Military College bought the former Cowley Middle Class School in 1876. The College hall, a former manor house , was built in the early 17th century. The Chapel of 1870
1824-586: The tenants held a rent strike and forced the landlord to make repairs. Most Florence Park houses are now owner-occupied, and the area's tree-lined roads are now a popular neighbourhood in which to live. In World War II the Morris factory produced many de Havilland Tiger Moth training aeroplanes for the war effort and there was also the No 1 Metal and Produce Recovery Depot run by the Civilian Repair Organisation to handle crashed or damaged aircraft and even
1872-467: The wreckage of enemy aircraft was processed here. Paul Nash was inspired to paint Totes Meer based on sketches he made of the recovery depot. Despite successive company mergers and name changes, "Morris's" is still often used as the name of the car factory to this day. In 1952, Morris Motors became part of the British Motor Corporation (BMC), in 1968 BMC became British Leyland , in
1920-529: Was William Morris, later Lord Nuffield , who founded Morris Motors which was the source of a great deal of local employment leading to substantial growth in the area. A public house is named after him located in the nearby Templar Square shopping centre. Another well-known pupil of the school was the actress Dame Maggie Smith . In 1866 the Society of St. John the Evangelist , a Church of England religious order ,
1968-429: Was built on its grounds in the 19th century. In 1864, the Wycombe Railway between High Wycombe and Oxford was built through Cowley, but at this time the village was so small that the railway company did not provide it with a station. Cowley St James C of E school, situated on Beauchamp Lane adjacent to the church, was established in 1834 and continued to operate as a primary school until 1975. Its most famous pupil
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2016-437: Was built on the site of part of a former Knights Templar estate. [1] Opposite the site of the former pool is the band hall of the City of Oxford Silver Band and next door to it stands Cowley Library,. Oxfordshire Record Office occupies the former St Luke 's church nearby. Morris Motors Athletic & Social Club in nearby Crescent Road has a large sports ground and club house. Until 2009 on Watlington Road, opposite
2064-517: Was built to host the sport of greyhound racing . In 1939 motorcycle speedway moved to Oxford Stadium. After a few years Oxford's speedway team were named Oxford Cheetahs, a name they still bear today. Temple Cowley Pools in Temple Road was a public swimming and gymnasium complex run by Oxford City Council which closed in December 2014 for redevelopment as housing. Its main pool was 25 metres long. It
2112-413: Was designed by the architect Edward George Bruton . An east wing designed by Sir Thomas Graham Jackson was added in 1877. The Oxford Military College closed in 1896, developed from 1912 by William Morris as the Cowley plant . During the 1960s, the centre of Cowley was demolished and replaced with Templas Square shopping center (previously it had been known as "Cowley Centre", and sometimes still is). In
2160-671: Was founded near Cowley Road in the parish of Cowley. SSJE was the first long-lasting Anglican religious order for men since the Reformation . The members were frequently known as the "Cowley Fathers". In 1868 the Eddison and Nodding Company factory was founded in Cowley. John Allen bought it in 1897 and renamed it the Oxford Steam Plough Company. He later renamed it again as John Allen and Sons, and diversified into manufacturing other agricultural and horticultural machinery including
2208-618: Was set up in 1926 by a consortium including William Morris and the Budd Company of America and was adjacent to the Morris Motors factory. Morris and the Budd Company both pulled out of the consortium and the plant became an independent supplier of bodies and tooling to Morris and other car manufacturers across the world. The company also produced the Prestcold refrigerators. When BMW sold
2256-527: Was the organisation responsible for initiating the four-minute warning in the event of a nuclear attack on the UK and was disbanded at the end of the Cold War . Co-located with HQUKWMO was the Headquarters of No 3 Oxford Group Royal Observer Corps whose underground protected nuclear bunker at the Cowley site opened in 1965. Parts of the bunker were demolished in 1995, however most of it was refurbished including
2304-455: Was transformed after 1912 when William Morris bought the former Oxford Military College and moved Morris Motors Limited into it from its former premises in Oxford . He expanded into "The Old Tin Shed" in 1914 and then into a huge complex of purpose-built production lines in Cowley, as Morris pioneered Henry Ford -style mass production in the UK. The Great Western Railway , which had taken over
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