26-468: The Departmental Reorganization Act (40 Stat. 556 , May 20, 1918), also known as the Overman Act , was an American law that increased presidential power during World War I . Sponsored by Sen. Lee S. Overman , a Democrat from North Carolina , it gave President Woodrow Wilson sweeping powers to reorganize government agencies "during the continuance of the present war and for six months after
52-761: A conflict between the text of the Statutes at Large and the text of a provision of the United States Code that has not been enacted as positive law, the text of the Statutes at Large takes precedence. Publication of the United States Statutes at Large began in 1845 by the private firm of Little, Brown and Company under authority of a joint resolution of Congress . During Little, Brown and Company's time as publisher, Richard Peters (Volumes 1–8), George Minot (Volumes 9–11), and George P. Sanger (Volumes 11–17) served as editors. In 1874, Congress transferred
78-638: A daughter of railroad industrialist Chiswell Langhorne . Irene was born in Danville, Virginia , and was one of five sisters, all noted for their beauty, including Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor , the first woman to serve as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom . Irene and Charles were the parents of two children: For part of his career, Gibson lived in New Rochelle, New York ,
104-423: A full Academician in 1932. He retired in 1936, the same year Scribner's published his biography, Portrait of an Era as Drawn by C. D. Gibson: A Biography by Fairfax Downey. At the time of his death in 1944, he was considered "the most celebrated pen-and-ink artist of his time as well as a painter applauded by the critics of his later work." On November 7, 1895, Gibson was married to Irene Langhorne (1873–1956),
130-592: A group of artists to help design posters for the government. Famous illustrators such as James Montgomery Flagg , Joseph Pennell , Louis D. Fancher , and N.C. Wyeth were brought together to produce some of World War I's most lasting images. Flagg drew and painted the “Uncle Sam” image saying “I Want You for the U.S. Army.” Seven million pamphlets entitled “How the War Came To America” were distributed as well. United States Statutes at Large The United States Statutes at Large , commonly referred to as
156-509: A popular art colony among actors, writers and artists of the period. The community was best known for its unprecedented number of prominent American illustrators. Gibson also owned an island off Islesboro, Maine which came to be known as 700 Acre Island; he and his wife spent an increasing amount of time there through the years. Gibson died of a heart ailment in 1944, aged 77, at 127 East 73rd Street , his home in New York City. After
182-641: A time of rising prices. Under George Creel , it was the nation's first propaganda agency. It made sure that all communication, either through art, newspapers, cartoons, or sculpture, did not exhibit anti-government tendencies or statements. Numerous silent propaganda movies were made, with such titles as “The Kaiser,” “The Beast of Berlin,” “To Hell With the Kaiser,” “The Claws of the Hun,” and “The Prussian Cur.” The massive propaganda campaign included 75,000 “Four-Minute Men” who gave four-minute speeches to drum up enthusiasm for
208-556: Is an oft-repeated urban legend that Gibson's wife and her elegant Langhorne sisters inspired his famous Gibson Girls, who became iconic images in early 20th-century society. The truth is that the first Gibson Girl appeared in 1890, more than two years before Gibson ever met the Langhorne family, and in later years it became fashionable for many of Gibson's friends and family to model for his illustrations. Their dynamic and resourceful father Chiswell Langhorne had his wealth severely reduced by
234-527: The Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat. , are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress . Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law , which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a congressional session,
260-651: The Statutes at Large includes the text of the Declaration of Independence , Articles of Confederation , the Constitution , amendments to the Constitution , treaties with Native American nations and foreign nations, and presidential proclamations . Sometimes very large or long Acts of Congress are published as their own "appendix" volume of the Statutes at Large . For example, the Internal Revenue Code of 1954
286-700: The Statutes at Large . Since 1985 the Statutes at Large have been prepared and published by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Until 1948, all treaties and international agreements approved by the United States Senate were also published in the set, but these now appear in a publication titled United States Treaties and Other International Agreements , abbreviated U.S.T. In addition,
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#1732845117324312-542: The United States Code . Once enacted into law, an Act will be published in the Statutes at Large and will add to, modify, or delete some part of the United States Code. Provisions of a public law that contain only enacting clauses, effective dates, and similar matters are not generally codified . Private laws also are not generally codified. Some portions of the United States Code have been enacted as positive law and other portions have not been so enacted. In case of
338-628: The Civil War, but by the late 19th century, he had rebuilt his fortune on tobacco auctioneering and the railroad industry. After the death of John Ames Mitchell in 1918, Gibson became editor of Life and later took over as owner of the magazine. As the popularity of the Gibson Girl faded after World War I, Gibson took to working in oils for his own pleasure. In 1918, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became
364-534: The Treasury Department sponsored the selling of Treasury Bonds, called the “Liberty Loan Drives.” Such drives were pushed for by the War Finance Corporation (WFC) under Eugene Meyer. Popular actors and actresses like Charlie Chaplin , ”the little tramp,” Douglas Fairbanks , Mary Pickford , ”America’s Sweetheart,” and Sarah Bernhardt publicly campaigned for people to buy them. The campaign raised
390-517: The United States increased 20%. The downside, however, was soaring retail prices. Many large industrial firms resisted Baruch's tight-armed tactics, especially U.S. Steel then headed by Elbert Gary . U.S. Steel made enormous wartime profits. Between 1915 and 1919, those profits equaled the wages received by the 2 million U.S. soldiers in France combined. Baruch threatened to take over U.S. Steel unless
416-639: The authority to publish the Statutes at Large to the Government Printing Office under the direction of the Secretary of State. Pub. L. 80–278 , 61 Stat. 633, was enacted July 30, 1947 and directed the Secretary of State to compile, edit, index, and publish the Statutes at Large . Pub. L. 81–821 , 64 Stat. 980, was enacted September 23, 1950 and directed the Administrator of General Services to compile, edit, index, and publish
442-403: The company agreed to lower its prices. Gary sneeringly said that the government wasn't capable of running the company. Baruch replied that he would get a 2nd Lieutenant to do the job. “ But that won’t trouble you very much ,” he added. “ If those mill towns find out why we’ve taken over, they’ll present you with your mills -- brick by brick .” – Gary agreed to lower the prices. At WIB suggestion,
468-502: The economy, setting production priorities for factories, and establishing centralized control over raw materials and prices. Mass production techniques were implemented in heavy industry to increase efficiency. The WIB required products to be standardized. It also conducted psychological testing to help people find suitable jobs. The WIB also dealt with labor-management disputes resulting from increased demand by freezing wages and forbidding strikes. With WIB direction, industrial output in
494-738: The general interest magazine. Gibson was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts on September 14, 1867. He was a son of Josephine Elizabeth (née Lovett) and Charles DeWolf Gibson. He had five siblings and was a descendant of U.S. Senators James DeWolf and William Bradford . A talented youth with an early interest in art, Gibson was enrolled by his parents in New York City's Art Students League , where he studied for two years. Peddling his pen-and-ink sketches, Gibson sold his first work in 1886 to Life magazine, founded by John Ames Mitchell and Andrew Miller . It featured general interest articles, humor, illustrations, and cartoons. His works appeared weekly in
520-433: The popular national magazine for more than 30 years. He quickly built a wider reputation, with his drawings being featured in all the major New York publications, including Harper's Weekly , Scribners and Collier's . His illustrated books include the 1898 editions of Anthony Hope 's The Prisoner of Zenda and its sequel Rupert of Hentzau as well as Richard Harding Davis ' Gallegher and Other Stories . It
546-569: The sake of the war effort and national unity. The slogan was “Labor will win the War.” Contrary to the phrase's patriotic spirit, however, the War Department established the “work or fight” rule in 1918 which threatened any unemployed male with being immediately drafted. In response, union membership soared from 2.5 million in 1916 to more than 4 million people by 1919, with more than 6,000 strikes breaking out in wartime in protest against stagnant wages at
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#1732845117324572-532: The statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as "session law" publications. The United States Statutes at Large is the name of the session law publication for U.S. Federal statutes. The public laws and private laws are numbered and organized in chronological order. U.S. Federal statutes are published in a three-part process, consisting of slip laws, session laws ( Statutes at Large ), and codification ( United States Code ). Large portions of public laws are enacted as amendments to
598-707: The termination of the war by the proclamation of the treaty of peace, or at such earlier time as the President may designate." (40 Stat. 556) With its authority, Wilson created the War Industries Board , the National War Labor Board , and the Committee on Public Information . Established by the Council of National Defense under Wall Street broker and Democratic Party activist Bernard M. Baruch , it regulated much of
624-590: The then astronomical sum of $ 21 Billion. Secretary of the Treasury McAdoo even said of the bond drive: “ Every person who refuses to subscribe…is a friend of Germany and is not entitled to be an American citizen ” and “ A man who can’t lend his government $ 1.25 per week at a rate of 4% interest is not entitled to be an American citizen .” Another popular slogan was “Lick a stamp, and Lick the Kaiser.” Under former President William Howard Taft and Frank P. Walsh , it arbitrated disputes between labor and employers for
650-488: The war effort. The speeches were on such topics as “Why We Are Fighting,” “Maintaining Morals and Morale,” and “The Meaning of America.” By war's end, 7.5 million speeches had been made to 314 million listeners—Creel created the Division of Pictorial Publicity to spearhead official war propaganda art. He asked Charles Dana Gibson , the creator of the “Gibson Girl” image and who was America's most popular illustrator, to assemble
676-602: Was published as volume 68A of the Statutes at Large (68A Stat. 3 ). Charles Dana Gibson Charles Dana Gibson (September 14, 1867 – December 23, 1944) was an American illustrator who created the Gibson Girl , an iconic representation of the beautiful and independent American woman at the turn of the 20th century. He published his illustrations in Life magazine and other major national publications for more than 30 years, becoming editor in 1918 and later owner of
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