A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills arranged in a line and connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny . Mountain ranges are formed by a variety of geological processes, but most of the significant ones on Earth are the result of plate tectonics . Mountain ranges are also found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets .
15-671: The Ōu Mountains ( 奥羽山脈 , Ōu-sanmyaku ) are a mountain range in the Tōhoku region of Honshū , Japan . The range is the longest range in Japan and stretches 500 km (311 mi) south from the Natsudomari Peninsula of Aomori Prefecture to the Nasu volcanoes at the northern boundary of the Kantō region . Though long, the range is only about 35 kilometres (22 mi) wide. The highest point in
30-689: A mountain range in the middle of the Taymyr Peninsula , Siberia , Russia . Even though they were first explored in 1736, the Byrranga Mountains are one of the least known areas of the Arctic . The climate is continental and harsh, with frequent blizzards in the winter. This mountain range falls into the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation and is part of
45-557: A few small glaciers in its eastern zones. These mountains are not very high, being on average about 500 m (1,600 ft). The highest peak is 1,121 m (3,678 ft). Rivers Khutudabiga and Chetyrekh have their sources in the Byrranga Range. The lower Taymyr River flows northwards cutting across these mountains. The lowlands located to the north and the south of these mountains are covered with tundra , small lakes and wetlands (bogs and marshes ). The Byrranga Range
60-525: Is at work while the mountains are being uplifted until the mountains are reduced to low hills and plains. The early Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado provides an example. As the uplift was occurring some 10,000 feet (3,000 m) of mostly Mesozoic sedimentary strata were removed by erosion over the core of the mountain range and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to
75-823: The Alpide belt . The Pacific Ring of Fire includes the Andes of South America, extends through the North American Cordillera , the Aleutian Range , on through Kamchatka Peninsula , Japan , Taiwan , the Philippines , Papua New Guinea , to New Zealand . The Andes is 7,000 kilometres (4,350 mi) long and is often considered the world's longest mountain system. The Alpide belt stretches 15,000 km across southern Eurasia , from Java in Maritime Southeast Asia to
90-538: The Annamite Range . If the definition of a mountain range is stretched to include underwater mountains, then the Ocean Ridge forms the longest continuous mountain system on Earth, with a length of 65,000 kilometres (40,400 mi). The position of mountain ranges influences climate, such as rain or snow. When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools, producing orographic precipitation (rain or snow). As
105-637: The Great Arctic State Nature Reserve , the largest nature reserve in Russia . However, the area is very remote, there is almost no population, and access is very difficult for the lack of roads and settlements. They are located north and west of Lake Taymyr and running for about 1,100 km, forming a looping curve that runs roughly in a southwest to northeast direction. The name is from Nganasan бъранга [ bəranga ] 'large rocky mountain.' The range has deep canyons and ravines , as well as
120-772: The Iberian Peninsula in Western Europe , including the ranges of the Himalayas , Karakoram , Hindu Kush , Alborz , Caucasus , and the Alps . The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest , which is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) high. Mountain ranges outside these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera , Appalachians , Great Dividing Range , East Siberians , Altais , Scandinavians , Qinling , Western Ghats , Vindhyas , Byrrangas , and
135-620: The Mithrim Montes and Doom Mons on Titan, and Tenzing Montes and Hillary Montes on Pluto. Some terrestrial planets other than Earth also exhibit rocky mountain ranges, such as Maxwell Montes on Venus taller than any on Earth and Tartarus Montes on Mars . Jupiter's moon Io has mountain ranges formed from tectonic processes including the Boösaule , Dorian, Hi'iaka and Euboea Montes . Byrranga Mountains The Byrranga Mountains ( Russian : го́ры Бырра́нга ; Gory Byrranga ) are
150-623: The air descends on the leeward side, it warms again (following the adiabatic lapse rate ) and is drier, having been stripped of much of its moisture. Often, a rain shadow will affect the leeward side of a range. As a consequence, large mountain ranges, such as the Andes, compartmentalize continents into distinct climate regions . Mountain ranges are constantly subjected to erosional forces which work to tear them down. The basins adjacent to an eroding mountain range are then filled with sediments that are buried and turned into sedimentary rock . Erosion
165-485: The east. This mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift. The removal of such a mass from the core of the range most likely caused further uplift as the region adjusted isostatically in response to the removed weight. Rivers are traditionally believed to be the principal cause of mountain range erosion, by cutting into bedrock and transporting sediment. Computer simulation has shown that as mountain belts change from tectonically active to inactive,
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#1732858911116180-407: The range is Mount Iwate , 2,038 metres (6,686 ft). The range includes several widely known mountains: Hakkōda Mountains , Mount Iwate, Mount Zaō , Mount Azuma , Mount Yakeishi , and Mount Adatara . These mountains previously formed the boundary between historical provinces of Mutsu (陸奥国) and Dewa (出羽国). The kanji for the name of the mountain range was created from one kanji of
195-617: The rate of erosion drops because there are fewer abrasive particles in the water and fewer landslides. Mountains on other planets and natural satellites of the Solar System, including the Moon , are often isolated and formed mainly by processes such as impacts, though there are examples of mountain ranges (or "Montes") somewhat similar to those on Earth. Saturn 's moon Titan and Pluto , in particular, exhibit large mountain ranges in chains composed mainly of ices rather than rock. Examples include
210-521: The same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geologic structure or petrology . They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes , for example thrust sheets , uplifted blocks , fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in a variety of rock types . Most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earth's land surface are associated with either the Pacific Ring of Fire or
225-692: The two provinces, 奥 and 羽, respectively. The Ōu Mountains began to form in the Pliocene . They sit over the middle of the inner arc of the Northeastern Japan Arc . This is the result of the Pacific Plate subducting under the Okhotsk Plate . A chain of Quaternary volcanoes along the range forms the volcanic front. Mountain range Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys . Individual mountains within
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