Misplaced Pages

#932067

15-509: Otto Stoll was a professor of ethnology and geography at the University of Zurich who specialized in research of Mayan languages . From 1878 to 1883 he conducted scientific studies in Guatemala . He was the author of several treatises on Guatemala, including important works in the fields on ethnography and ethno-linguistics . Stoll also published on neotropical Acari with a major work being

30-714: A military, authorities previously absent under the Articles of Confederation. The nascent nation's first naval vessels were commissioned in 1794 to counter Algerian piracy. Subsequently, in 1801, the Pasha of Tripoli declared war on the United States, citing unpaid tribute. The first military land action overseas of the United States was executed by the US Marines and the US Navy in 1805 at

45-468: Is credited to Adam Franz Kollár (1718–1783) who used and defined it in his Historiae ivrisqve pvblici Regni Vngariae amoenitates published in Vienna in 1783. as: "the science of nations and peoples, or, that study of learned men in which they inquire into the origins, languages, customs, and institutions of various nations, and finally into the fatherland and ancient seats, in order to be able better to judge

60-523: The United States , and social anthropology in Great Britain . The distinction between the three terms is increasingly blurry. Ethnology has been considered an academic field since the late 18th century, especially in Europe and is sometimes conceived of as any comparative study of human groups. The 15th-century exploration of America by European explorers had an important role in formulating new notions of

75-556: The 16th century onward, it was divided into the political entities of the Regency of Algiers , Regency of Tripoli , Regency of Tunis , and the Alawi Sultanate . Major rulers and petty monarchs during the times of the Barbary states' plundering parties included the dey of Algiers , pasha of Tripoli , bey of Tunis , and the sultan of Morocco . In 1625, the pirate fleet of Algiers, by far

90-564: The Occident (the Western world ), such as the notion of the " Other ". This term was used in conjunction with "savages", which was either seen as a brutal barbarian, or alternatively, as the " noble savage ". Thus, civilization was opposed in a dualist manner to barbary , a classic opposition constitutive of the even more commonly shared ethnocentrism . The progress of ethnology, for example with Claude Lévi-Strauss 's structural anthropology , led to

105-402: The characteristics of different scenarios peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural , social , or sociocultural anthropology ). Compared to ethnography , the study of single groups through direct contact with the culture, ethnology takes the research that ethnographers have compiled and then compares and contrasts different cultures. The term ethnologia ( ethnology )

120-483: The criticism of conceptions of a linear progress , or the pseudo-opposition between "societies with histories" and "societies without histories", judged too dependent on a limited view of history as constituted by accumulative growth. Lévi-Strauss often referred to Montaigne 's essay on cannibalism as an early example of ethnology. Lévi-Strauss aimed, through a structural method, at discovering universal invariants in human society, chief among which he believed to be

135-462: The formulation of cultural invariants , such as the incest taboo and culture change, and the formulation of generalizations about " human nature ", a concept which has been criticized since the 19th century by various philosophers ( Hegel , Marx , structuralism , etc.). In some parts of the world, ethnology has developed along independent paths of investigation and pedagogical doctrine, with cultural anthropology becoming dominant especially in

150-605: The incest taboo. However, the claims of such cultural universalism have been criticized by various 19th- and 20th-century social thinkers, including Marx, Nietzsche , Foucault , Derrida , Althusser , and Deleuze . The French school of ethnology was particularly significant for the development of the discipline, since the early 1950s. Important figures in this movement have included Lévi-Strauss, Paul Rivet , Marcel Griaule , Germaine Dieterlen , and Jean Rouch . See: List of scholars of ethnology Barbary The Barbary Coast (also Barbary , Berbery , or Berber Coast )

165-516: The largest, numbered 100 ships of various sizes, carrying 8,000 to 10,000 men. The corsair industry alone accounted for 25 percent of the workforce of the city, not counting other activities of the port. The fleet only averaged 25 ships in the 1680s, but these were larger vessels than had been used since the 1620s, so the fleet still employed some 7,000 men. In addition, 2,500 men manned the pirate fleet of Tripoli, 3,000 in Tunis, and several thousand more in

SECTION 10

#1732851085933

180-492: The nations and peoples in their own times." Kollár's interest in linguistic and cultural diversity was aroused by the situation in his native multi-ethnic and multilingual Kingdom of Hungary and his roots among its Slovaks , and by the shifts that began to emerge after the gradual retreat of the Ottoman Empire in the more distant Balkans . Among the goals of ethnology have been the reconstruction of human history , and

195-410: The various minor pirate bases such as Bona, Susa, Bizerta, and Salé . The corsairs were not solely natives of the cities where they were based; while many were Arabs and Berbers, there were also Turks, Greeks, Albanians, Syrians, and renegade Italians, especially Corsicans, among their number. The establishment of the U.S. Constitution in 1789 empowered the federal government to levy taxes and maintain

210-561: The volume in the Biologia Centrali-Americana between Dec. 1886 and Jan. 1893. This article on a Swiss linguist is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about an ethnologist is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ethnology Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek : ἔθνος , ethnos meaning ' nation ') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes

225-648: Was the name given to the coastal regions of central and western North Africa or more specifically the Maghreb and the Ottoman borderlands consisting of the regencies in Algiers , Tunis , and Tripoli , as well as the Sultanate of Morocco from the 16th to 19th centuries. The term originates from an exonym for the Berbers . Barbary was not always a unified political entity. From

#932067