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Oslo District Court

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Oslo District Court ( Norwegian : Oslo tingrett ) is a district court located in Oslo , Norway . This court is based at the Oslo Courthouse in the city of Oslo . The court serves the entire city of Oslo and the court is subordinate to the Borgarting Court of Appeal . As the largest district court in Norway, it handles about 20% of all cases in the country. The court handled 3,000 criminal and 2,200 civil cases, as well as 7,200 summary proceedings in 2007.

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24-528: It is led by a chief justice ( sorenskriver ), and has 100 appointed professional and deputy judges. These are divided into eight sections. In addition, the court has 105 administrative employees, of which 30 are in central administration, 59 in judicial-related jobs and 16 in security. These are led by a managing director. The court is a court of first instance . Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy . The administration and registration tasks of

48-619: A sheriff court by a sheriff sitting alone. In the Court of Session , a judge in either the outer or inner house usually sits alone; but may sit with a jury in certain trials such as personal injury claims. Summary criminal trials are conducted by a sheriff in a sheriff court or a justice of the peace in the justice of the peace court sitting alone as regulated by the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 . Those trials requiring juries are called solemn procedure and are also regulated under

72-487: A judge or a panel of judges. All trials in India since 1973 are heard by a judge or a division bench of judges. The main reason for the abolishment of jury trial in India was due to a popular case K.M Nanavati vs State of Maharashtra in which jury gave a verdict of not guilty even when all the evidence were present against the accused, resulting in a jury nullification . In most countries with "Roman law" or civil law , there

96-539: A jury and are heard by a judge sitting alone. Summary criminal trials may be heard by a single district judge ( magistrates' court ) or by a panel of at least two, but more usually three, magistrates. Section 47 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 allows a bench trial for indictable offences, but is rarely used, having been exercised only two times since its inception. Most civil trials in Scotland are conducted in

120-584: A national change in court names. On 26 April 2021, the sheriff's court (the last remaining of its kind in Norway) was merged with the Oslo district court, so that there was now only one court of first instance for the city/county of Oslo. The court is located in Oslo Courthouse , located in the city center. The building opened in 1994, and also houses the urban district court judge. The Borgarting Court of Appeal shared

144-412: A trial by jury . The term applies most appropriately to any administrative hearing in relation to a summary offense to distinguish the type of trial. Many legal systems ( Roman , Islamic ) use bench trials for most or all cases or for certain types of cases. While a jury renders a verdict , a judge in a bench trial does the same by making a finding . The majority of civil trials proceed without

168-427: A witness support program in cooperation with Oslo Red Cross . Starting in 1999, the court initiated a court conciliation program to encourage negotiations in civil cases. This allows the parties to find a middle ground they are both satisfied with, without creating winners and losers. At the same time, time and costs are reduced. In 2007, 18% of civil cases participated in the program, and of these 74% settled through

192-516: Is no "jury" in the English sense, and trials are necessarily bench trials. However, in more complicated cases, lay judges can be called. They are not randomly selected, as juries are. They are professional, although not legally trained as jurists, and vote as judges. One notable exception, from French law, is cour d'assises , where jurors are allotted and vote alongside professional judges. Jury trials took place till 1973 when they were finally abolished by

216-582: Is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in cases involving a diplomatic official or a state. Because different U.S. states apply different names to their courts, it is often not evident whether a court has general or limited jurisdiction or indeed is a trial court at all. For instance, the Maine District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction, but the Nevada District Courts are courts of general jurisdiction. Likewise,

240-441: Is similar to a jury trial. For example, the rules of evidence and methods of objection are the same in a bench trial as in a jury trial. Bench trials, however, are frequently more informal than jury trials. It is often less necessary to protect the record with objections, and sometimes evidence is accepted de bene or provisionally, subject to the possibility of being struck in the future. In Israel all cases are heard before

264-735: The Delaware Court of Common Pleas is a court of limited jurisdiction, but the Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas are courts of general jurisdiction. Similarly, the California Superior Courts are trial courts of general jurisdiction, but the Superior Court of Pennsylvania is an appellate court, and the New Jersey Superior Court is both. Bench trial A bench trial is a trial by judge , as opposed to

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288-580: The Netherlands . In United States law , for most criminal cases that proceed to trial, trial by jury is usually a matter of course as it is a constitutional right under the Sixth Amendment and cannot be waived without certain requirements. In the federal court system, under rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure , if a defendant is entitled to a jury trial, the trial must be by jury unless

312-517: The United States Tax Court in the federal judiciary) or by other means, such as small claims courts in many states for civil cases with a low amount in controversy . Other trials do not take place in courts at all, but in quasi-judicial bodies or in administrative agencies with adjudicatory power created by statute to make binding determinations with simplified procedural practices, such as arbitration . The United States Supreme Court

336-817: The Act. One of the recommendations of the Commission of Inquiry 2008–2009 in Turks and Caicos was that provisions be made for criminal trials without juries, following the precedent in England and Wales . Other examples cited included the United States , the Commonwealth of Nations including India and Canada , the British overseas territories of the Falkland Islands and St. Helena , and

360-457: The appellate court. The record of the trial court is certified by the clerk of the trial court and transmitted to the appellate body. Not all cases are heard in trial courts of general jurisdiction. A trial court of limited jurisdiction is authorized to hear only specified types of cases. Trial courts of limited jurisdiction may be limited in subject-matter jurisdiction (such as juvenile , probate , and family courts in many U.S. states, or

384-494: The building from 1994 to 2005 when moved to its own courthouse. Court of first instance A trial court or court of first instance is a court having original jurisdiction , in which trials take place. Appeals from the decisions of trial courts are usually heard by higher courts with the power of appellate review ( appellate courts ). Most appellate courts do not have the authority to hear testimony or take evidence, but instead rule solely on matters of law. In

408-515: The court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public , and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court are heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges . Oslo is the most frequent user of interpreters of all the courts in the country, accounting for about half the use of interpreters. The most frequent languages are Arabic , English , Somali and Polish . In 2007, 23% of all cases used interpreters. The court also has

432-532: The defendant waives a jury trial in writing. In the various state court systems, waiver of jury trial can vary by jurisdiction. Missouri has Missouri Supreme Court Rule 27.01(b), "The defendant may, with the assent of the court, waive a trial by jury and submit the trial of any criminal case to the court..."; the prosecution need not consent. With bench trials, the judge plays the role of the jury as finder of fact in addition to making conclusions of law . In some bench trials, both sides have already stipulated to all

456-422: The facts in the case (such as civil disobedience cases designed to test the constitutionality of a law). These cases are usually faster than jury trials because of the fewer formalities required. For example, there is no jury selection phase and no need for sequestration or jury instructions . A bench trial (whether criminal or civil) that is presided over by a judge has some distinctive characteristics, but it

480-474: The jury acts as trier of fact . In some cases, the judge or judges act as triers of both fact and law, by either statute, custom, or agreement of the parties; this is referred to as a bench trial . In the United States, a trial court of general jurisdiction is authorized to hear some type of civil or criminal case that is not committed exclusively to another court. The United States district courts are

504-593: The program. This court was established on 1 January 1867 as the "Christiania byrett" (Christiania City Court). It was the first city court in the nation. When it was established, the old police court, fire court, and prison court for Christiania were abolished and merged into this new court, but the Christiania Bailiff 's court remained in operation. The town bailiff was a judge that was appointed for certain towns to oversee certain matters. The district court covered all civil and criminal cases that were not covered by

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528-420: The town bailiff's court. The bailiff's court had jurisdiction over probate, bankruptcy, notary public, missing persons, some taxes, marriage, families, and other topics. In 1925, the city name was changed to Oslo, so both court names were adjusted accordingly. On 1 January 2002, the name was changed from Oslo City Court ( Norwegian : Oslo byrett ) to Oslo District Court ( Norwegian : Oslo tingrett ) as part of

552-426: The trial court, evidence and testimony are admitted under the rules of evidence established by applicable procedural law and determinations called findings of fact are made based on the evidence. The court, presided over by one or more judges , makes findings of law based upon the applicable law. In most common law jurisdictions, the trial court often sits with a jury and one judge; in such jury trials ,

576-634: The trial courts of general jurisdiction of the federal judiciary ; each state has a system establishing trial courts of general jurisdiction, such as the circuit courts in Florida, the superior courts in California, and the New York Supreme Court in New York state. Most trial courts are courts of record , where the record of the presentation of evidence is created and must be maintained or transmitted to

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