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48-770: In 1889 the Old Order Mennonites of Ontario separated from the main body of Mennonites by creating their own conference. In 1917 the David Martin Mennonites emerged under the leadership of Minister David B. Martin (1838-1920) from the Old Order Mennonite Conference in Ontario , mainly concerning issues of discipline. The Orthodox Mennonites have a complicated history because they did not just separate from one other Old Order Mennonite group but split and merged from different Old Order groups. In 1953 there

96-600: A horse and buggy group of Canadian Old Order Mennonites that is moderate concerning the use of modern technologies and that emerged in 1917. They numbered about 3,500 people in 2010 and live in Wellington County, Ontario and the Waterloo Region . In 2020 they now also live in The Municipality of Grey Highlands, Simcoe County, and Township of Southgate. They do not cooperate with other Old Order groups. In 1917

144-684: A "scarf, bonnet, or cap" and "wear long-sleeved, long dresses". Most Quakers these days wear simple, practical, unpretentious modern clothes. Early Methodists wore plain dress, with Methodist clergy condemning "high headdresses, ruffles, laces, gold, and 'costly apparel' in general". John Wesley , the founder of the Methodist movement, recommended that Methodists read his thoughts On Dress , in which he detailed acceptable types and colors of fabrics, in addition to "shapes and sizes of hats, coats, sleeves, and hairstyles"; in that sermon, John Wesley expressed his desire for Methodists: "Let me see, before I die,

192-517: A Methodist congregation, full as plain dressed as a Quaker congregation." He also taught, with respect to headcovering, that women, "especially in a religious assembly", should "keep on her veil". Those who tried to attend Methodist services in costly apparel were denied admittance. Wesley's teaching was based on his interpretation of 1 Timothy 2:9–10 and 1 Peter 3:3–4 , which he stated led him to conclude that "expensive clothes puff up their wearers, promote vanity, incite anger, inflame lust, retard

240-651: A conservative dress code include Buddhist and Christian monks , Orthodox Jews , and more conservative Muslims such as Salafis , but these forms of dress normally are not called "plain dress". Plain dress is attributed to reasons of theology and sociology . In general, plain dress involves the covering of much of the body (often including the head, forearms and calves), with minimal ornamentation, rejecting jewelry and sometimes print fabrics, trims, and fasteners. Non-essential elements of garments such as neckties, collars, and lapels may be minimized or omitted. Practical garments such as aprons and shawls may be layered over

288-590: A constant spirit in the truth and plainness. This classical Quaker belief practice continues to be maintained by Conservative Friends , as well as the Holiness Friends . For Conservative Friends, plain dress for men usually includes "a broad-brimmed felt or straw hat, trousers with suspenders instead of a belt, and muted colors in the fabrics: blacks, whites, greys, browns", sometimes with "broad-fall trouser cuts". Quaker men traditionally are clean-shaven . Conservative Quaker women practice headcovering by wearing

336-702: A few exceptions, then united with the Huron Orthodox group, so that the split of 1974 was largely overcome, and the majority of Orthodox Mennonites were a single group again. The original Wellesley Orthodox Mennonites have been under the leadership of their minister David E. M. Martin since 2009. After 1989 the Huron Orthodox Mennonites were joined by some very conservative families from the Ontario Old Order Mennonite Conference , because their parent group decided to allow telephones in

384-586: A glorious priviledge to meet their presiding elder, and the rest of the preachers. They could, nearly every soul of them, sing our hymns and spiritual songs. They religiously kept the Sabbath day: many of them abstained from dram-drinking, not because the temperance reformation was ever heard of in that day, but because it was interdicted in the General Rules of our Discipline. The Methodists of that day stood up and faced their preacher when they sung; they kneedled down in

432-443: A headcovering, as well as long skirts or dresses; men wear contemporary clothes of a modest nature. As a part of their testimony of simplicity , Quakers (Religious Society of Friends) traditionally wore plain dress; "Ruffles and lace and other forms of ornamentation, as well as unnecessary cuffs and collars and lapels and buttons, were forbidden." George Fox implored fellow Quakers to wear plain dress: Friends, keep out of

480-647: A snare to men. — Paedagogus In plain communities, women wear Christian headcoverings in keeping with the teaching of Saint Paul in 1 Corinthians 11:5–6 , as well as that of the early Church Fathers. The practice is generally found among the following Anabaptist branches: Amish (Old Order Amish, New Order Amish , Kauffman Amish Mennonites , Beachy Amish Mennonites ), Para-Amish ( Believers in Christ , Vernon Community , Caneyville Christian Community ), Mennonites ( Old Order Mennonites , Conservative Mennonites , traditional "Russian" Mennonites ), Hutterites ,

528-575: Is also a settlement in Snyder County, Pennsylvania . In 2006 a group of 12 families, that split from the main body in the Walkerton area in southern Ontario , moved to Westbourne, Manitoba , where they settled on 1,000 hectares of farmland. Until 2011 the group grew to about 20 families. They are the only Horse and Buggy Mennonites in Manitoba . There is also a growing settlement of Orthodox Mennonites in

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576-539: Is an expression of their beliefs regarding modesty and veiling , as well as nonconformity to the world —which they see as consistent with the Bible and teachings of the early Church Fathers . Plain, simple and serviceable gender-identifying dress is governed by an unwritten code of conduct, called " ordnung " among Anabaptists, which is strictly adhered to by Amish, Old Order Mennonites, and conservative Brethren. Many Apostolic Lutherans also wear plain dress. Members of

624-457: Is intended to show acceptance of traditional gender roles, modesty, and readiness to work and serve, and to preserve communal identity and separation from the ever-changing fashions of the world. For men, this often takes the form of trousers secured by suspenders, while for women, plain dress usually takes the form of a cape dress along with a headcovering (normatively a kapp or an opaque hanging veil ). Christian denominations that observe

672-455: Is sometimes hard to find as the clothing market is dictated by fashion-conscious people who consider plain dress dull. Dressing heroines in Victorian literature in plain dress is often assumed to be a way of making characters appear classless and sexless. Others argue that authors like Charlotte Brontë , George Eliot , and Anthony Trollope use plain dress to highlight the marriageability of

720-565: The Bruderhof , Schwarzenau Brethren ( Old Brethren , Old German Baptist Brethren, New Conference , Dunkard Brethren ), and River Brethren ( Old Order River Brethren and Calvary Holiness Church ). Plain dress is also practiced by Conservative Friends and Holiness Friends (Quakers), in which it is part of their testimony of simplicity , as well as Old Regular Baptists , Plymouth Brethren , Cooperites and fundamentalist Mormon subgroups. Among traditional Anabaptist groups, plain dress

768-570: The FLDS wear plain dress, referring both to Biblical and unique Latter Day Saint Scriptures , such as the Book of Alma and the Doctrine and Covenants , which states, "Thou shalt not be proud in thy heart; let all thy garments be plain, and their beauty of the work of thine own hands" (42:40). Plain dress may establish a sense of belonging within the community while also marking the group's members as different in

816-695: The Moravian Church traditionally wore plain dress. Historically, Methodists were known for wearing plain dress, a tradition carried on by those in the conservative holiness movement , such as communicants of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection and Evangelical Wesleyan Church , as well as some Holiness Pentecostal denominations in the Wesleyan-Arminian tradition. The Church of God (Restoration) also observes plain dress. Adventists wear plain dress as taught by

864-625: The David Martin Mennonites and in 1956 Elam S. Martin, their minister, was excommunicated from the David Martin Mennonites. This Elam Martin group with others formed the Orthodox Mennonites in 1958. Since then the David Martins adopted a policy not to talk to outsiders about their faith. "We have lost too many people", bishop David W. Martin stated. The David Martins have grown rapidly through natural increase since 1958. In 1987,

912-406: The David Martin Mennonites emerged under the leadership of Minister David B. Martin (1838-1920) from the Old Order Mennonite Conference in Ontario , mainly concerning issues of discipline. In the next decades the young church was not without troubles and struggled to maintain its members. They used the ban on several occasions and growth was slow. In 1954, a group of about 25 people separated from

960-646: The Desbarats and Bruce Mines area of Northern Ontario. This group migrated to the north from the Walkerton community and other Ontario communities around 2012. This growing community runs several sawmills, a cedar planing mill, market gardens and an engineered truss factory. In 1996 there were 454 people in the church, of whom 222 were under the age of 16 In 2008/9 there were about 450 baptized members in five congregations in Canada and about 200 baptized members in 3 congregations in

1008-620: The Methodists had dressed in the same "superfluity of naughtiness" then as they do now, there were very few even out of the Church that would have had any confidence in their religion. But O, how have things changed for the worse in this educational age of the world! While few wear plain dress in mainline Methodism today, Methodist Churches of the conservative holiness movement , such as the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection and Evangelical Wesleyan Church , continue to dress plainly, also avoiding

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1056-644: The Orthodox Mennonite Church. In 1974 the Orthodox Mennonites divided, primarily over the question of whether the wearing of beards should be enforced or not, along with other issues of disciplinary interpretation. The beard wearing group, which included Bishop Elam S. Martin, moved to Howick, Ontario , en masse beginning in 1979. They were eventually nicknamed "Gorries", but are legally referred to as Orthodox Mennonite Church, Huron County, Ontario . The original group, nicknamed "Hoovers", remained in

1104-708: The Romans, "Be not conformed to this world ," as one Biblical basis for their distinctive dress. Other scripture passages counsel women to wear head coverings while praying ( 1 Corinthians 11:5 ), not to cut their hair ( 1 Corinthians 11:14–15 ), and for men not to shave or cut their beards ( Leviticus 19:27 ). The rejection of extravagant clothing is further established in 1 Timothy 2:9–10 : [T]hat women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety; not with broided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array; but (which becometh women professing godliness) with good works. Some Mormon Fundamentalist groups such as

1152-546: The Titus Hoover group sought unity with the Reidenbach Mennonites of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania , under the leadership of Anson Hoover, but this merger was also not successful. During that time Plautdietsch -speaking Mennonites from Mexico , who were in Ontario to find a better economic situation there, joined the group. In 1956 Minister Elam S. Martin was excommunicated from the David Martin Mennonites and joined

1200-898: The USA. In 2012 there were about 200 families in Canada, 15 families in Snyder County, Pennsylvania , and 35 families in Trigg and Todd Counties in Kentucky . "David B. Martin: Pioneer of Mennonite Orthodoxy" at Anabaptistwiki.org "Elam S. Martin: Father of the Orthodox Mennonite Church" at Anabaptistwiki.org "Huron Orthodox Mennonites" at Anabaptistwiki.org "Wellesley Orthodox Mennonites" at Anabaptistwiki.org "Traditional Old Order Mennonite Groups" at Anabaptistwiki.org David Martin Mennonites The David Martin Mennonites , officially called Independent Old Order Mennonite Church or Independent Old Order Mennonites , are

1248-524: The Waterloo Region and are legally known as Orthodox Mennonite Church, Wellesley Township, Ontario . In 1976 the Wellesley Orthodox group excommunicated their acting bishop, Anson Hoover, and Amos Sherk was advanced as acting bishop. In 1987 the majority of this group, some 70 members, went back to the David Martin Mennonites. Amos Sherk in 1986 was also excommunicated. The remaining families, with

1296-857: The Wellesley Orthodox, the original group of Orthodox Mennonites in the Waterloo Region in Ontario , Canada joined the Huron Orthodox Mennonites. Orthodox Mennonites advocate high moral standard and have many restrictions on technology. They live with no electricity, no telephones, and no propane gas in their homes. They do not own automobiles or computerized technologies, and farmers use work horses instead of tractors. They dress very plain , with or without beards and no neckties, and speak Pennsylvania German . Donnermeyer and Anderson call them "an intentionalist minded, ultra-plain Old Order Mennonite body". They have made several changes of their Ordnung all of them tending to greater simplicity and nonconformity to

1344-526: The basic ensemble. Plain dress garments are often handmade and may be produced by groups of women in the community for efficiency and to ensure uniformity of style. Plain dress practices can extend to the grooming of hair and beards and may vary somewhat to allow children and older people more latitude. In plain communities, women traditionally wear Christian headcoverings in keeping with the teaching of Saint Paul in 1 Corinthians 11:5–6 . Within these general practices, distinctions abound. Among some groups,

1392-549: The founder of that faith Ellen White , who asked that they "adopt a simple, unadorned dress of modest length". The Church Manual of the Seventh-day Adventist Church teaches "To dress plainly, and abstain from display of jewelry and ornaments of every kind is in keeping with our faith." Adherents of the Seventh-day Adventist Church have historically not worn wedding rings. Other groups adhering to

1440-561: The group. In 1942 there were 72 adult members and 92 children. In 1952 there were 89 adult members and 183 children. In the 1990s they had more than 400 adult members. Around the year 2000 the David Martin Mennonites counted about 350 households, which would mean about 2100 people. In 2010 there were about 3,500 people in the group. Plain dress Plain dress is a practice among some religious groups, primarily some Christian churches in which people dress in clothes of traditional modest design, sturdy fabric, and conservative cut. It

1488-566: The group. When Elam S. Martin became their bishop the group became known as "Elam Martins". In 1957 Peter O. Nolt and those with him in Pennsylvania joined the group. A third group, consisting of 50 people, who had left the David Martin Church under the leadership of deacon Samuel Horst, also entered this union in early 1958. On April 6, 1958, the merged groups held their first united communion meeting, and by 1962 they chose to call themselves

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1536-708: The hair, and wearing of gold, or putting on of apparel." Certain Holiness Pentecostal denominations enjoin dress standards for their members; the Calvary Holiness Association , a Holiness Pentecostal denomination, teaches: We urge people to dress with simplicity and modesty, as becometh holiness. Even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God, of greater price (I Peter 3:3-4; I Tim. 2:9). We consider wearing shorts, bathing suits, ladies' pants, makeup and men without shirts immodest. Plain dressing Christians cite Paul's advice to

1584-523: The headcovering worn by women is lacy or translucent; in others, it must be opaque. The traditional plain dress worn by the Anabaptists and other religious groups has long sleeves with a set waist, long skirt, and no adornment. It denotes "utility, modesty, long wear and inconspicuousness", does not display any trademark, and is not dictated by fashion trends. Shawl, aprons, bonnets and cap are part of plain dress. Clothing worn by Bruderhof women includes

1632-645: The home. This influx continued and until 2001, 37 families had made the transition to the Orthodox Mennonites. Between 1999 and 2005 the Huron Orthodox Mennonites were joined by four local groups of Old Order Mennonites, one of them coming from the Phares S. Stauffer group, a subgroup of the Stauffer Mennonites and one from the Henry Hoover group, a subgroup of the Reidenbach Mennonites . In 2009 about half of

1680-429: The knee-buckled small clothes, the broad, round-toed shoe, were consistent characteristics of a Moravian brother; whilst the plain drab or black silk bonnet, the three-corned white kerchief, the plain silk gown (Sunday dress), the comfortable hood-finished cloack, the "stuff" shoe, for comfort and convenience, were the sisters' concession to St. Peter's advice, "whose adorning, let it not be that outward adorning of plaiting

1728-736: The maintenance of their Christian profession wherever they may be." The 1859 novel Adam Bede portrayed the Methodist itinerant preacher , Dinah Morris , wearing plain dress, with the words "I saw she was a Methodist, or Quaker, or something of that sort, by her dress". Peter Cartwright , a Methodist revivalist , lamented the decline of wearing plain dress among Methodists, stating: The Methodists in that early day dressed plain; attended their meetings faithfully, especially preaching, prayer and class meetings; they wore no jewelry, no ruffles; they would frequently walk three or four miles to class-meetings and home again, on Sundays; they would go thirty or forty miles to their quarterly meetings, and think it

1776-978: The majority of the Anson Hoover group, a subgroup of Orthodox Mennonites consisting of some 70 members, went back to the David Martin Mennonites. In 1979 the David Martins, as a group, unanimously accepted the telephone. David Martin Mennonites do not talk about their personal lives or church life, but they are open for business. They do not own automobiles but do utilize certain aspects of modern technology, such as cellphones and computers, primarily for business. Fields are tilled with horses and tractors. while stationary belt-drive diesel engines for threshing and other farm works are allowed. In their homes they have electric light, freezers, refrigerators and propane stoves are accepted. David Martin Mennonites send their children to public schools which their children attend until they are 14 years old. In 1925 there were 55 adult members in

1824-538: The merged Titus Hoover and Reformed Amish Christian Church. Parts of this group around Noah Hoover later became the Noah Hoover Mennonites .The merger with the group around Titus Hoover and others was only partly successful and a majority left the group after some time, while the ones that stayed in the Titus Hoover group moved to Pennsylvania, where the Titus Hoovers were located. Those that did not merge with

1872-458: The public congregation as well as elsewhere, when the preacher said, "Let us pray." There was no standing among the members in time of prayer, especially the abominable practice of sitting down during that exercise was unknown among early Methodists. Parents did not allow their children to go to balls or plays; they did not send them to dancing schools; they generally fasted once a week, and almost universally on Friday before each quarterly meeting. If

1920-559: The pursuit of holiness, and steal from God and the poor." The 1858 Discipline of the Wesleyan Methodist Connection stated that "we would not only enjoin on all who fear God plain dress, but we would recommend to our preachers and people, according to Mr. Wesley's views expressed in his sermon on the inefficiency of Christianity, published but a few years before his death, and containing his matured judgment, distinguishing plainness— Plainness which will publicly comment them to

1968-456: The use of them we must beware of extravagance. For neither is it seemly for the clothes to be above the knee, as they say was the case with the Lacedaemonian virgins; nor is it becoming for any part of a woman to be exposed. Though you may with great propriety use the language addressed to him who said, "Your arm is beautiful; yes, but it is not for the public gaze. Your thighs are beautiful but,

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2016-442: The vain fashions of the world; let not your eyes, minds, and spirits run after every fashion (in attire) of the nations; for that will lead you from the solid life into unity with that spirit that leads to follow the fashions of the nations, after every fashion of apparel that gets up: but mind that which is sober and modest, and keep to your plain fashions, that you may judge the world's vanity and spirit, in its vain fashions, and show

2064-414: The wearing of jewelry (inclusive of wedding rings). The Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches , which continues to observe the ordinance of women's headcovering, stipulates "renouncing all vain pomp and glory" and "adorning oneself with modest attire." Historically, members of the Moravian Church wore plain dress: Their strait, unlapelled, dark brown coat, the broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat,

2112-592: The wearing of plain dress, such as the Schwarzenau Brethren Anabaptists, do so because Jesus “condemned anxious thought for raiment” in Matthew 6:25–33 and Luke 12:22–31 . They teach that the wearing of plain dress is scripturally commanded in 1 Timothy 2:9–10 , 1 Peter 3:3–5 , and 1 Corinthians 11:5–6 , in addition to being taught by the early Church Fathers : As, then, in the fashioning of our clothes, we must keep clear of all strangeness, so in

2160-473: The wider society. Some practitioners describe their dress as a protection from unwanted attention. Quaker minister Elizabeth Fry considered her plain dress to serve as "a hedge against the world", and "a sort of protector". Marketing through the internet has these sites which propagate plain dress: "Quaker Jane", "Plain and Simple Headcoverings", "Rachel's Seamstress Services" and "Mennonite Maidens". Simple dress, considered "sensible and useful" and necessary,

2208-927: The world . In worldview and practice they show some similarities with the Noah Hoover Mennonites . The group originated in Ontario, where until today their main settlements are. It has also settled further west in Huron-Kinloss township in Bruce County , Ontario . In 2013 a family has settled in Renfrew County in Admaston Bromley Township near Douglas, Ontario, in the Ottawa Valley. As of 2014 there were two settlements of Orthodox Mennonites near Hopkinsville , Kentucky , one in Cerulean and one in Fairview . There

2256-412: Was the reply, for my husband alone. And your face is comely. Yes; but only for him who has married me." But I do not wish chaste women to afford cause for such praises to those who, by praises, hunt after grounds of censure; and not only because it is prohibited to expose the ankle, but because it has been enjoined that the head should be veiled and the face covered; for it is a wicked thing for beauty to be

2304-527: Was unrest among the David Martin Mennonites in the Waterloo Region in Canada , which resulted in the excommunication of numerous people. In 1954, a group of about 25 people, who attended the Rainham Old Order Mennonite Church, started to separate from the David Martin Mennonites. They joined a subgroup of the Stauffer Mennonites around the ministers Titus and Noah Hoover and Enoch Habegger of

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