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61-497: Orillia City Council is the governing body of the city of Orillia , Ontario . Council is made up of one mayor and nine councillors (two per ward): Orillia It was incorporated as a village in 1867, but the history of what is today the City of Orillia dates back at least several thousand years. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence of fishing by the Huron and Iroquois peoples in

122-507: A tannery , two blacksmiths , four shoemakers , a tailor , and two furniture makers. A grist mill could be found about a mile away. In 1869, the population was 1200. Construction of the Monck Road began in 1866 and was completed in 1873. A 100-mile stretch allowed for travel to Bancroft , Ontario where other roads could be found for travel to Ottawa. Transportation links with Toronto and Georgian Bay stimulated Orillia's development as

183-504: A boat decorating contest and turkey buffet. Boat and cottage shows are held in June and August. Orillia also hosts an annual Canada Day event at Couchiching Beach Park. The day begins with a traditional pancake breakfast served by the Mayor and Council, and ends with a large fireworks display at dusk. Orillia is the original and current site of the popular Mariposa Folk Festival . Begun in 1961, it

244-466: A commercial centre and summer resort. The village of Orillia was incorporated in 1867 (sharing the same birth year as Canada ). By 1875, the population was 2,000 and Orillia became a town with a mayor, reeve, deputy reeve, and nine councillors. Orillia was designated a city in 1969. In Stephen Leacock 's 1912 book Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town , Orillia was used as the basis for the fictional town known as "Mariposa", although Leacock stated that

305-512: A designated education space and hosts activities including art-making and interpretive programming for children, artists, artisans, historians, etc. Many tourists and boaters are attracted to the city each year because of its waterfront park Couchiching Beach Park/Centennial Park/Port of Orillia and its position as a gateway to Lake Country, cottage country in Muskoka , Algonquin Provincial Park ,

366-466: A full foot covering, a single piece of untanned hide was laced with a thong, providing full protection for the foot and so made a complete covering. The production of clogs (wooden shoes) was widespread in medieval Europe . They were made from a single piece of wood roughly cut into shoe form. A variant of this form was a wooden sole to which a leather upper was attached. The sole and heel were made from one piece of maple or ash two-inches thick, and

427-414: A little longer and broader than the desired size of shoe. The outer side of the sole and heel was fashioned with a long chisel -edged implement, called the clogger's knife or stock; while a second implement, called the groover, made a groove around the side of the sole. With the use of a 'hollower', the inner sole's contours were adapted to the shape of the foot. The leather uppers were then fitted closely to

488-401: A pair of outer soles of firmer texture, a pair of welts or bands about one inch broad, of flexible leather, and lifts and top-pieces for the heels. The insole was then attached to a last made of wood, which was used to form the shoe. Some lasts were straight, while curved lasts came in pairs: one for left shoes, the other for right shoes. The 'lasting' procedure then secured the leather upper to

549-457: A population of 33,411 living in 14,422 of its 15,428 total private dwellings, a change of 7.2% from its 2016 population of 31,166 . With a land area of 28.53 km (11.02 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,171.1/km (3,033.1/sq mi) in 2021. The median household income in 2015 for Orillia was $ 55,802, which is below the Ontario provincial average of $ 74,287. Orillia

610-410: A range of footwear items, including shoes , boots , sandals , clogs and moccasins . Such items are generally made of leather , wood , rubber , plastic , jute or other plant material, and often consist of multiple parts for better durability of the sole , stitched to a leather upper part. Trades that engage in shoemaking have included the cordwainer's and cobbler's trades. The term cobbler

671-591: A resurgence in the shoemaking profession, particularly in the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. This has been driven in large part by broader societal preferences in favour of leather restoration rather than replacement and extends to not only shoes but also handbags and other leather fashion accessories. Meanwhile, organizations within the industry have begun leveraging e-commerce and modern logistical networks to offer consumers greater convenience through

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732-412: A shop, dividing the work into individual tasks. A customer could come into a shop, be individually measured, and return to pick up their new shoes in as little as a day. Everyone needed shoes, and the median price for a pair was about one day’s wages for an average journeyman. The shoemaking trade flourished in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries but began to be affected by industrialization in

793-556: A small campus downtown, with the main campus on a new site on University Ave. The Orillia campus opened in the downtown in 2006 and the campus on University Ave. opened in September 2010. The Lakehead University campus located on University Avenue is the first in North America that has been built to meet all LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification standards. There

854-529: Is a National Historic Site of Canada . The government made treaties with the Hurons in 1798, 1815, and 1818 to gain land to the north and west of Lake Simcoe and then made grants to military veterans. In 1840, the government bought extra land from the First Nations and laid out the settlement of Orillia. The population in 1846 was about 200. The settlement had a church, a post office , four stores, three taverns ,

915-462: Is also an Adult Learning Centre, where adults may upgrade to receive high school diplomas . The Orillia Soldiers' Memorial Hospital is a 230-bed hospital in the city. Opened in 1908 as the 20-bed Orillia General Hospital, it took its current name in 1922 to honour those who died fighting in World War I . Orillia Soldiers’ Memorial Hospital celebrated its 100th anniversary on May 28, 2008. The hospital

976-748: Is also an alternative secondary school, known as OASIS. Publicly funded Catholic English-language education is available via the Simcoe Muskoka Catholic District School Board through four elementary schools and one secondary school, Patrick Fogarty Catholic Secondary School. Private schools include the Orillia Christian School. There are two post-secondary institutions that are based in Orillia. The Orillia campus of Georgian College offers applied arts and technology programmes to 1,600 students. Lakehead University operates

1037-413: Is flexible and elastic but very sturdy and strong which makes it the top choice for shoe making. Shoemaking became more commercialized in the mid-18th century, as it expanded as a cottage industry , typically organized around a central manufactory and subcontracted laborers organized into a putting-out system . Large warehouses began to stock footwear in warehouses , made by many small manufacturers from

1098-494: Is governed by the Orillia City Council , which consists of eight city councillors and a mayor. There are four wards in the city. From 1875 to 1969 the council was led by a reeve or mayor. Since 1969 the head of the council is the mayor. Grape Island is a lake island located off Victoria Point in the north end of Lake Simcoe . Today the island is occupied by about 40 private homes or cottages and residences are part of

1159-448: Is located at 170 Colborne Street West, Orillia, ON L3V 2Z3. Shoemaking Shoemaking is the process of making footwear . Originally, shoes were made one at a time by hand, often by groups of shoemakers, or cordwainers (sometimes misidentified as cobblers, who repair shoes rather than make them ). In the 18th century, dozens or even hundreds of masters, journeymen, and apprentices (both men and women) would work together in

1220-524: Is located on the shores of two connected lakes: Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching . Both lakes are part of the Trent-Severn Waterway . Travel north on Lake Couchiching, then through three locks and the only marine railway ( Big Chute Marine Railway ) still in use in North America leads to Georgian Bay on Lake Huron . Travel south-east across Lake Simcoe, through many locks (including two of

1281-401: Is marine archaeological evidence of ancient fishing weirs used by Huron and Iroquois people to trap fish over 4,000 years ago. Also, there are several archaeological sites in the surrounding area that provide evidence of trading, fishing, and hunting camps that were visited for hundreds of years by Indigenous people . Although the site of what is now Orillia was originally a settlement of

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1342-498: Is offered in Orillia. There is one Catholic French-language elementary school, École élémentaire catholique Samuel-de-Champlain , operated by the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud . Students from this elementary school attend École secondaire catholique Nouvelle-Alliance , which is operated by the same board and is located in Barrie. English public education in Orillia

1403-556: Is provided via the Simcoe County District School Board , which has nine elementary and three secondary schools in the city. The secondary schools are Twin Lakes Secondary School , Orillia Secondary School, formerly OD/Park Secondary School and originally called Orillia District Collegiate and Vocational Institute and Park Street Collegiate Institute . The schools joined together in the summer of 2013. There

1464-461: Is the longest-running folk festival in Canada. The Stephen Leacock Associates have honoured former Orillia resident and humourist Stephen Leacock 's memory since 1947 with the annual Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour , awarded to the best Canadian humorous book published the previous year. The Leacock Medal Gala and Award ceremony is held each June at nearby Geneva Park, with tickets for sale to

1525-619: The Grape Island Property Owners Association (c. 1952). Access is restricted to residents of the island with access by boat from Forest Avenue South dock to private docks on the island. The heavy traffic at the mainland docks have resulted in tensions between island residents and residents of Victoria Point. The city of Orillia is working on finding a solution for access to the island without inconveniencing residents in Victoria Point. There are no vehicular roads on

1586-599: The Napoleonic Wars by the engineer, Marc Brunel . He developed machinery for the mass-production of boots for the soldiers of the British Army . In 1812 he devised a scheme for making nailed-boot-making machinery that automatically fastened soles to uppers by means of metallic pins or nails. With the support of the Duke of York , the shoes were manufactured, and, due to their strength, cheapness, and durability, were introduced for

1647-512: The Trent–Severn Waterway , and other natural attractions. The city's waterfront has an extensive lakeshore boardwalk, a large park with two beaches, several playgrounds, an outdoor theatre, a touring ferry, and a children's train. The city of Orillia also is home to a large number of retirement homes (currently nine, with four more under construction). As such, it is often characterized as a "retirement community", although less than 18% of

1708-491: The 1980s and 1990s. Orillia is known as the "Sunshine City", taking the moniker from its role as the fictional "Mariposa" in the book Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town by Stephen Leacock . Many local businesses also use "Mariposa" in their names. The city council has actively restricted the construction of large buildings downtown and seeks to maintain a certain "small town" look with regard to signs and decorations. However, in 2017, plans were further discussed to redevelop

1769-578: The Coldwater Road centuries later; it was used by the Hurons , Ojibways , French , and British as a fur-trading route. Champlain spent the winter with the Hurons in their chief village of Cahiague (near the current Warminster). Ecole Samuel de Champlain , a local francophone elementary school, is named in his honour. A monument to Samuel de Champlain can also be found in Couchiching Beach Park and

1830-638: The Guardian Angels Catholic Church, the Samuel de Champlain statue in Couchiching Beach Park as well as Chiefs Island in the middle of Lake Couchiching . Orillia was the first municipality in North America to introduce daylight saving time and had the first municipal hydroelectric transmission plant in North America. The first recorded use of the name to describe the region, which until then had no officially sanctioned designation,

1891-508: The Huron-Wendat people, it was later inhabited by the Ojibwe people, who settled the land under the leadership of Chief William Yellowhead . The Ojibwe people remained on the land until the arrival of European settlers. Also of historical note, the famed French explorer Samuel de Champlain visited the area that would later become Orillia in the summer of 1615, travelling over what would become

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1952-541: The McKay stitching machine and was quickly adopted by manufacturers throughout New England . As bottlenecks opened up in the production line due to these innovations, more and more of the manufacturing stages, such as pegging and finishing, became automated. By the 1890s, the process of mechanisation was largely complete. A process for manufacturing stitchless, that is, glued, shoes— AGO —was developed in 1910. Traditional shoemakers still exist today, especially in poorer parts of

2013-520: The area over 4,000 years ago, and of sites used by Aboriginal peoples for hundreds of years for trading, hunting, and fishing. Known as the "Sunshine City", the city's large waterfront attracts many tourists to the area every year, as do a number of annual festivals and other cultural attractions. While the area's largest employer is Casino Rama , overall economic activity in Orillia is a mixture of many different industries including manufacturing, government services, customer service and tourism. Orillia

2074-439: The area. Until the 19th century, shoemaking was a traditional handicraft, but by the century's end, the process had been almost completely mechanized, with production occurring in large factories. Despite the obvious economic gains of mass production , the factory system produced shoes without the individual differentiation that the traditional shoemaker was able to provide. The first steps towards mechanisation were taken during

2135-546: The city's population is actually over 65 (see below). Orillia is home to an annual Perch Fishing Festival. Perch are netted, tagged, and released into the local lake, to be caught for prize money. This event also includes a large social gathering consisting of a "perch fry". Other popular annual festivals include the Leacock Festival, Blues Festival, Jazz Festival, Scottish Festival, and Beatles Festival. The Port of Orillia holds an annual "Christmas in June", which includes

2196-478: The development of Orillia's newest rope-making business, Redpoint Ropes .) Large public-sector employers include the headquarters for the Ontario Provincial Police , which is located in Orillia. The Huronia Regional Centre , formerly an asylum that later became an institution to house disabled people, was one of the area's largest employers for many decades until the de-institutionalization movement of

2257-403: The early 20th century, announced it was closing its doors in September 2007. In late July 2009, Parker Hannifin announced that they were shutting down their operations in Orillia at the end of the year. G.W.B. Rope & Twine , which was one of the foremost North American producers of braided rope from 1973 to 1985, was also the inventor of the automotive grocery or cargo restraint net. The net

2318-590: The fictional town could really be any town. The book was based on Leacock's experiences in the town and since the book's release, the city has attempted to mimic the fictional location in as many ways as possible. The Leacock Museum and National Historic Site, located in Orillia, is one of the National Historic Sites of Canada . William E. Bell's 1989 novel Five Days of the Ghost was also set in Orillia, with many readers recognizing popular local spots, including

2379-646: The first "campers" (a pop-up tent in a car). Economic activity in Orillia is a mix of manufacturing, government services, customer service, and tourism. The largest employer in the area is Casino Rama , located in the nearby reserve land of the Chippewas of Rama First Nation . Manufacturing operations in the city include CCI Thermal Technologies (industrial heaters and heating components), Dorr-Oliver Eimco (industrial equipment), Kubota Metal Corporation ( petrochemical industry components), Parker Hannifin (moulded rubber products), Pliant Corporation (components for

2440-402: The groove around the sole. Clogs were of great advantage to workers in muddy and damp conditions, keeping the feet dry and comfortable. By the 1600s, leather shoes came in two main types. 'Turn shoes' consisted of one thin flexible sole, which was sewed to the upper while outside in and turned over when completed. This type was used for making slippers and similar shoes. The second type united

2501-505: The highest hydraulic lift locks in the world, Peterborough Lift Lock and Kirkfield Lift Lock ) eventually leads to Lake Ontario . From either of these Great Lakes one can connect to the St. Lawrence and thence to the Atlantic Ocean . The human history of the area extends back several thousand years: in the "Narrows", a small waterway that connects Lake Couchiching and Lake Simcoe , there

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2562-481: The hub of art and culture for the city, playing an instrumental role in municipal cultural events. The museum occupies all four floors of the historic Sir Sam Steele Building, a landmark destination for both residents and visitors. A collection of over 10,000 artefacts of regional historical significance features in a rotating exhibits schedule. On a separate floor is contemporary art space with exhibits featuring regional and international artists. The museum also features

2623-480: The inner sole. Other types of ancient and traditionally made shoes included furs wrapped around feet, and sandals wrapped over them (used by Romans fighting in northern Europe), and moccasins —simple shoes without the durability of joined shoes. The patron saint of shoemakers is Saint Crispin . The most common materials used to make shoes are leather, textiles (cotton, polyester, wool, and nylon), synthetics, rubber, and foam (open and closed cell foam). Leather

2684-569: The inventor of the technique), goyser welted, Norwegian, stitch down, turnout, German sewn, moccasin, bolognese stitched, and blake-stitched. The most basic foot protection, used since ancient times in the Mediterranean area , was the sandal, which consisted of a protective sole, held to the foot with leather thongs or cords of various materials. Similar footwear worn in the Far East was made from plaited grass or palm fronds . In climates that required

2745-661: The island. Only Ivy Lane, a road allowance, serves as path to homes on the island. Water taxi is the main means of transportation to the island (unless residents have their own private vessels) from the GIPOA-owned mainland dock to the island dock (on a vacant lot). Initial interest in Orillia came from fur traders who used the gathering place at the Narrows to do business with the many tribes that came there each spring and fall. Subsequently, Orillia's economics has ranged from farming (even downtown) to machinery, to automobiles and even one of

2806-467: The later nineteenth century. Traditional handicraft shoemaking has now been largely superseded in volume of shoes produced by industrial mass production of footwear, but not necessarily in quality , attention to detail, or craftsmanship . Today, most shoes are made on a volume basis, rather than a craft basis. A pair of bespoke shoes , made in 2020 according to traditional practices, can be sold for thousands of US dollars. Shoemakers may produce

2867-524: The mid-1850s. The sewing machine was introduced in 1846, and provided an alternative method for the mechanization of shoemaking. By the late 1850s, the industry was beginning to shift towards the modern factory, mainly in the US and areas of England. A shoe stitching machine was invented by the American Lyman Blake in 1856 and perfected by 1864. Entering into partnership with McKay, his device became known as

2928-461: The most common explanation holds that the name originates in the Spanish , "orilla," which can mean the shore of either a lake or river. The Spanish pronunciation sounds much like, "oreeya," and since the word itself is spelled almost identically to Orillia, without the second, "i," it has come to be commonly accepted as the source word for the city's name. Further backing the theory of a Spanish origin are

2989-414: The names of surrounding communities and landmarks, which include Oro for gold , Mariposa for butterfly , and Mono for monkey . Historical documents contain a second spelling of the name which was never officially recognised, Aurelia, which when pronounced sounds similar to the name and is considered a clerical error . In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Orillia had

3050-451: The offering of services by mail. A shoe store or shoe shop is a type of retailer that specializes in selling shoes . From slippers to athletic shoes to boots , the store could also sell shoe accessories, including insoles , shoelaces , shoe horns , shoe polish , etc. In addition, shoe stores may provide clothing and fashion accessories , such as handbags , sunglasses , backpacks , socks , and hosiery . A shoe repair shop

3111-408: The packaging industry), Smiths Aerospace Components (aerospace industry machining), and TI Group Automotive Systems (automotive components). Call centre Tele Tech Canada also employs approximately 850 people. The Central Operations Headquarters for Ontario Provincial Police is located in Orillia on Memorial Drive along with the regional headquarters. Heywood-Wakefield seating, which operated from

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3172-527: The public. The Royal Canadian Legion sponsors a yearly Scottish Festival at Couchiching Beach Park and Centennial Park in July each year. Marching bands from around the country participate. Since 1963, the Webers hamburger restaurant has been approximately 1 km north of Orillia, next to Ontario Highway 11 . Lake St. George Golf Club is ten minutes north of Orillia. Both French and English public education

3233-423: The sole with tacks . The soles were then hammered into shape; the heel lifts were then attached with wooden pegs and the worn out-sole was nailed down to the lifts. The finishing operation included paring, rasping, scraping, smoothing, blacking, and burnishing the edges of soles and heels, scraping, sand-papering, and burnishing the soles, withdrawing the lasts, and cleaning out any pegs which may have pierced through

3294-583: The time of the Crimean War stimulated a renewed interest in methods of mechanization and mass-production, which proved longer-lasting. A shoemaker in Leicester , Tomas Crick, patented the design for a riveting machine in 1853. His machine used an iron plate to push iron rivets into the sole. The process greatly increased the speed and efficiency of production. He also introduced the use of steam-powered rolling-machines for hardening leather and cutting-machines, in

3355-436: The upper with an insole, which was subsequently attached to an out-sole with a raised heel. This was the main variety, and was used for most footwear, including standard shoes and riding boots . The traditional shoemaker would measure the feet and cut out upper leathers according to the required size. These parts were fitted and stitched together. The sole was next assembled, consisting of a pair of inner soles of soft leather,

3416-500: The use of the army. In the same year, the use of screws and staples was patented by Richard Woodman. Brunel's system was described by Sir Richard Phillips as a visitor to his factory in Battersea as follows: However, when the war ended in 1815, manual labour became much cheaper, and the demand for military equipment subsided. As a consequence, Brunel's system was no longer profitable and it soon ceased business. Similar exigencies at

3477-502: The waterfront district and other areas underdeveloped or otherwise vacant. A 3D model was developed at the local Royal Canadian Legion to reflect the possible future and is to be on display in city hall. Orillia's "Arts District" is located on Peter St. S., between Mississauga St. E. and Colborne St. E., and is home to a variety of art galleries , fine dining and shops. At its centre is the Orillia Museum of Art & History, considered

3538-424: The world, and create custom shoes. Current crafters, in developing regions or supply constrained areas may use surplus car or truck tire tread sections as an inexpensive and plentiful material resource with which to make strong soles for shoes or sandals. Generally, the modern machinery used includes die cutting tools to cut the shapes and grommet machines to punch holes for lacing. Early 21st century has seen

3599-647: Was in 1820 when the name was given in York , Upper Canada by then Lieutenant-Governor Sir Peregrine Maitland . Maitland was a veteran of the British campaign against the French in Spain , called the Peninsular War , during the Napoleonic Wars where he served under the command of the Duke of Wellington . While there are no records clearly indicating the reason for the name Orillia,

3660-497: Was introduced with the launch of the Ford Taurus at Christmas 1985, and shortly thereafter the company was sold and became Polytech Netting Industries , which employed several hundred people until moving to Mexico in 1996–97. G.W.B. Rope and Twine's founders, Gordon W. Brown and family, launched G&B Ropes in 1990. (Their son Sean Brown worked with G&B Ropes until it transferred ownership around 1998. Sean Brown then assisted in

3721-491: Was originally used pejoratively to indicate that someone did not know their craft; in the 18th century, it became a term for those who repaired shoes but did not know enough to make them. For most of history, shoemaking has been a handicraft, limited to time-consuming manufacturing by hand. Traditional shoemakers used more than 15 different techniques for making shoes, including pegged construction, English welted (machine-made versions are referred to as " Goodyear welted " after

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