Misplaced Pages

#116883

23-500: According to the tradition of the Orestae, which is recorded by Theagenes and Strabo , their name was derived from Orestes , or a like-named son of his; though, the historical value of this myth is not acknowledged, and is considered improbable. The tribal name of the Orestae appears to derive from the Greek plain appellative ὀρέστης ' mountain dweller ' or ' mountaineer ' , as does

46-625: A sentence. The application of Linear B texts appear to have been mostly confined to administrative contexts, mainly at Mycenaean palatial sites. In the handwriting of all the thousands of clay tablets, a relatively small number of scribes have been detected: 45 in Pylos (west coast of the Peloponnese , in Southern Greece ) and 66 in Knossos ( Crete ). The use of Linear B signs on trade objects like amphora

69-744: A standard proposed primarily by Emmett L. Bennett, Jr. became known as the Wingspread Convention, which was adopted by a new organization, the Comité International Permanent des Études Mycéniennes (CIPEM: Permanent International Committee of Mycenaean Studies), affiliated in 1970 by the fifth colloquium with UNESCO . Colloquia continue: the 13th occurred in 2010 in Paris. Many of the signs are identical or similar to those in Linear A ; however, Linear A encodes an as yet unknown language, and it

92-479: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Linear B Linear B is a syllabic script that was used for writing in Mycenaean Greek , the earliest attested form of the Greek language . The script predates the Greek alphabet by several centuries, the earliest known examples dating to around 1400 BC. It is adapted from the earlier Linear A , an undeciphered script perhaps used for writing

115-468: Is uncertain whether similar signs had the same phonetic values . The grid developed during decipherment by Michael Ventris and John Chadwick of phonetic values for syllabic signs is shown below. (Note that "q" represents the labialized velar stops [ɡʷ, kʷ, kʷʰ] , not the uvular stop of the IPA.) Initial consonants are in the leftmost column; vowels are in the top row beneath the title. The transcription of

138-725: The Argead dynasty . Both 6th century geographer Hecataeus and later Strabo identified the Orestea as Molossian population of the Epirote group. A 6th century BC silver finger ring bearing the common Orestian name "Antiochus", was found in the Dodona sanctuary. During the Peloponnesian War , a thousand Orestians led by King Antiochus, accompanied the Parauaeans of Epirus. Around 370-365 BC Orestis

161-506: The Kingdom of Macedon . Orestis was among the regions of Upper Macedonia where the inhabitants were tribal peoples, who gave their name to the territory which was under their control, or alternatively who took their name from that territory. The tribal people that inhabited Orestis were the Orestae. Orestis, like the rest of Upper Macedonia, was characterized by cold winters with rainfalls that were very heavy, and hot summers. In this region life

184-656: The Minoan language , as is the later Cypriot syllabary , which also recorded Greek. Linear B, found mainly in the palace archives at Knossos , Kydonia , Pylos , Thebes and Mycenae , disappeared with the fall of Mycenaean civilization during the Late Bronze Age collapse . The succeeding period, known as the Greek Dark Ages , provides no evidence of the use of writing. Linear B was deciphered in 1952 by English architect and self-taught linguist Michael Ventris based on

207-466: The Greek personal name Orestes ; compare to the similar Greek compounds ὀρεσι-δίαιτος and ὀρέσ-βιος (also a personal name), which also mean ' mountain dweller ' . Some scholars have alternatively suggested that it derives from the Greek noun ὄρος ' mountain ' , suffixed with the typical West Greek -estae or Illyrian -st- . It is generally agreed that the region of Orestis encompassed

230-414: The area around Lake Kastoria and the upper Haliacmon basin. The region was bounded geographically by the mountains Voio , Vitsi and Grammos and it extended to Prespa Lakes basin, in particular around Small Prespa Lake , where the ancient settlement of Lyke was located. Orestis bordered to the southwest Molossians and other Epirotic peoples, to the northwest Dassaretia , to the west Parauaia , to

253-554: The border with Dassaretia was defined by the Cangonj Pass while the Bilisht -Poloskë valley to the east of the pass was part of Orestia. Papazoglou adds that the mountains of Morava (between Korcë plain and Poloskë basin) and Grammos probably formed the border with Dassaretia and Parauaia. Karamitrou-Mentesidi is in favour of an excessive western expansion on lake Maliq and the region of today's Korcë . In general modern scholarship agrees on

SECTION 10

#1732852732117

276-470: The goddess are found in various parts of the Orestis region. Theagenes (historian) For other persons with the same name, see Theagenes (disambiguation) Theagenes ( Greek : Θεαγένης ) was a historical writer, of uncertain date. Stephanus of Byzantium frequently quotes from a work of his, entitled Macedonica (s. v. Altus (Mygdonia) ), as also from another entitled Carica . It is, perhaps,

299-569: The northeast Eordaea and to the southeast Elimiotis . There is an overall agreement only for the eastern borders of the region, while about the rest of the Orestis' border areas there is some disagreement in scholarship. For Hammond, Orestis to the southeast ended after the point where the Pramoritsa flows into the Haliacmon (near Trapezitsa ), while for Papazoglou it extended southwest of this point up to Palaiokastro and Siatista . For Papazoglou,

322-574: The origins of the Argead dynasty of the Macedonian royal house that they were descendants of Argeas from Orestis, the later being son of the eponymous Macedon . The Argeads then wandered from Orestis to Lower Macedonia , where they founded the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon . Also according to Appian , Argos Orestikon (in modern Orestida ), rather than the Peloponnesian Argos , was the homeland of

345-422: The research of American classicist Alice Kober . It is the only Bronze Age Aegean script to have been deciphered, with Linear A, Cypro-Minoan , and Cretan hieroglyphic remaining unreadable. Linear B consists of around 87 syllabic signs and over 100 ideographic signs. These ideograms or "signifying" signs symbolize objects or commodities. They have no phonetic value and are never used as word signs in writing

368-597: The same Theagenes, who wrote a work on Aegina , quoted by John Tzetzes . He is one of the authors (= FGrHist 774) whose fragments were collected in Felix Jacoby 's Fragmente der griechischen Historiker . [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Smith, William , ed. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology . {{ cite encyclopedia }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help ) This Ancient Greek biographical article

391-503: The sons of a noble from Orestis named Alexander; Craterus and Amphoterus . The region became independent again in 196 BC, when the Romans , after defeating Philip V (r. 221–179 BC), declared the Orestae free because they had supported the Roman cause in the recent war against Macedon. An inscription from the upper Devoll valley, lists Artemis with the epithet Syvonnike , while depictions of

414-406: The syllable, which may not have been pronounced that way, is listed next to the sign along with Bennett's identifying number for the sign preceded by an asterisk (as was Ventris' and Chadwick's convention). If the transcription of the sign remains uncertain, Bennett's number serves to identify the sign. The signs on the tablets and sealings often show considerable variation from each other and from

437-406: The western border of Orestis being found slightly west from the modern Greek-Albanian border. The northern boundary of Orestis corresponded to the southern shore of Small Prespa Lake. Some important cities in the Orestis region based on ancient sources were Argos Orestikon , Celetrum (Kelethron), Diokliteionopolis, while epigraphic evidence cofirms the existence of Battyna and Lykke. Orestis

460-544: Was associated with the kingdom of Epirus possibly seeking protection from Illyrian tribes but also due to the expansion of Macedon. Like most of Upper Macedonia, Orestis only became part of Macedon after the early 4th century BC. This change possible happened during the reign of Philip II of Macedon . Natives of the region were: Pausanias of Orestis , the lover and assassin of Philip II, and three of Alexander's prominent diadochi : Perdiccas (son of Orontes), Seleucus I Nicator (son of Antiochus ), his uncle Ptolemy , and

483-535: Was hard and mainly a matter of survival. According to the season of the year, the mostly nomadic pastoralist people of the area moved their flocks of cattle, goats and sheep to the various pasture lands. The region of Orestis was rich in summer pastures. An abundance of Mycenaean findings (both imported and locally made) from the late Bronze Age have been unearthed from various tombs in the region of Orestis. These include pottery, weapons, pins, brooches, as well as Linear B inscriptions. Appian and Hesiod mention about

SECTION 20

#1732852732117

506-600: Was more widespread. Once the palaces were destroyed, the script disappeared. Linear B has roughly 200 signs, divided into syllabic signs with phonetic values and ideograms with semantic values. The representations and naming of these signs have been standardized by a series of international colloquia starting in Paris in 1956. After the third meeting in 1961 at the Wingspread Conference Center in Racine, Wisconsin ,

529-464: Was traditionally a district of Upper Macedonia , forming its heartland in the Archaic and early Classical periods. It bordered with Lynkestis to the north, Eordaia to the north-east, Elimiotis to the south-east, Tymphaea to the south, and Illyrians to the west. Orestis formed the western border of Upper Macedonia, and Illyrians beyond this district constituted a persistent menace to the stability of

#116883