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74-801: Operation Fox Hunt was launched in June 2014. In the course of six months during 2015, it repatriated 680 people to China. In 2015, it scored its first big success in Europe with the arrest and extradition of a woman surnamed Zhang from Italy. It was the first time a European country had extradited someone to China on accusations of financial crimes. In March 2017, Ningxia investigators and Paris embassy personnel “successfully persuaded” fugitive Zheng Ning to come home, after he had lived in France for three years before his mysterious disappearance. Despite an extradition treaty between France and China, French officials were not informed of

148-567: A federal grand jury indicted nine individuals for acting and conspiring to act in the United States as illegal agents of the PRC and engaging and conspiring to engage in interstate and international stalking. Two of those nine were also charged with obstruction of justice and conspiracy to obstruct justice. Six of the nine had previously been indicted in the October 2020 case and in a May 2021 indictment;

222-525: A "deal" of sorts had taken place. White House press secretary Jen Psaki denied claims of a "prisoner swap", stating the Meng Wanzhou case was a "legal matter" overseen by independent prosecutors at the Department of Justice . "Since 2014, Chinese General Secretary Xi Jinping has spearheaded a program known as "Fox Hunt." Now, China describes Fox Hunt as some kind of international anti-corruption campaign—it

296-416: A Security and Intelligence Bureau to review and analyze overtly acquired information. The bureau plays a coordinating and policy role. While not an intelligence agency, it is responsible for the security of Global Affairs Canada personnel around the world. However, these agencies are not to be confused with the more encompassing work of larger, more dedicated "intelligence agencies" such as CSIS, MI5, MI6 , or

370-410: A dataset that "predominantly relates to non-Canadians who are outside Canada." There is a distinction between "security intelligence" and "foreign intelligence". Security intelligence pertains to national security threats (e.g., terrorism , espionage ). Foreign intelligence involves information collection relating to the political or economic activities of foreign states. Previous law stated that CSIS

444-528: A direct threat to our national security and sovereignty." Meanwhile, in May 2023, according to a CSIS intelligence assessment which provided an overview of Chinese government foreign interference in Canada, it was claimed that China sees Canada as a “high-priority target” and employs “incentives and punishment” as part of a vast influence network directed at legislators, business executives and diaspora communities. In 2024,

518-689: A former Chinese official living in New Jersey (these included American private investigator Michael McMahon and two Chinese citizens living in the U.S.: Zheng Congying and Zhu Yong). In November 2024, Texas governor Greg Abbott ordered the Texas Department of Public Safety to arrest those attempting to conduct influence operations to return dissidents to China. Canadian Security Intelligence Service The Canadian Security Intelligence Service ( CSIS , / ˈ s iː s ɪ s / ; French : Service canadien du renseignement de sécurité , SCRS )

592-564: A government office essentially acting as a police station or a local or provincial police ; the smallest police stations are called police posts ( Chinese : 派出所 ; pinyin : pàichūsuǒ ). The PSB/PSD system is similar in concept to the Japanese kōban system, and is present in each province and municipality. Typically, a PSB/PSD handles policing, public security , and social order . Other duties include residence registration (" hukou ") and internal and external migration matters, such as

666-485: A large extent and often share resources and internal security bureaus are structured as units or departments within public security bureaus (PSBs) to allow for closer and more effective integrated operations and cooperation as needed. Most major Chinese cities will have a PSB assigned to deal with local security needs. Each province, municipality and autonomous region (excluding the special administrative regions of Macau and Hong Kong , which have their own police forces,

740-445: A member of their family being wanted on corruption, embezzlement or other charges. In August 2017, American citizen Daniel Hsu and Jodie Chen were prevented from exiting China, forcing their 16-year-old daughter to return to the United States alone. Hsu stated that he was being "effectively held hostage" to convince his father Xu Weiming to return to China from the United States to face embezzlement charges. In April 2019, Chen's exit ban

814-740: A regulatory function) that have been granted a heraldic badge . The badge was created in July 1984 (pre-dating the creation of the Canadian Heraldic Authority ). The badge received royal approval in June 1985. On December 21, 2016, a CSIS flag was raised for the first time by the director at the national headquarters. The flag displays the CSIS badge on a white field. In the book, The Mosaic Effect , co-authors, former Canadian Military Security Intelligence Analyst, Scott McGregor and Journalist Ina Mitchell revealed that employees' internal nickname for CSIS

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888-469: A study alleging China had set up a foreign influence network in Canada. The RCMP accused CSIS of "watering down" the report. In several instances, CSIS has been accused of misrepresenting facts to the courts. In 2013, CSIS was censured by Federal Court Judge Richard Mosley for deliberately misleading the Federal Court to make it possible for them to allow other agencies to spy on Canadians abroad, which

962-462: A visit, only to find themselves suddenly trapped, and prevented from leaving. — Christopher A. Wray (January 31, 2022) Announced in 2015, Operation Skynet is a parallel and simultaneous program designed to augment Operation Fox Hunt by restricting the financial flows of cadres which have fled overseas and by engaging in recovery of corrupt proceeds. South China Morning Post reported that program will "go further" than previous manhunts through

1036-656: Is "the Sisters." CSIS is a federal national security agency which conducts national security investigations and security intelligence collection. CSIS collects and analyzes intelligence, then advises the Government of Canada on issues and activities that may threaten the security of Canada and its citizens. These threats include terrorism, espionage and foreign interference in Canadian affairs, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and information security threats. The agency

1110-620: Is a foreign intelligence service and security agency of the federal government of Canada . It is responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world and conducting covert action within Canada and abroad. CSIS reports to the Minister of Public Safety , and is subject to review by the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency . The CSIS has no law enforcement function and mainly focuses on intelligence gathering overseas. The agency

1184-544: Is also responsible for the security screening program. There is no restriction in the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act on where CSIS may collect "security intelligence" or information relating to threats to the security of Canada. The Service can collect three sorts of datasets: a publicly available dataset, a dataset which belongs to an approved class which is defined by the Minister, and

1258-626: Is composed of members from the House of Commons and Senate . While members are made up of Members of Parliament , the committee is not a standing committee nor a special committee of Parliament. Rather, it is an agency of the executive branch, itself overseen by the Prime Minister's Office . According to L'Hebdo Journal, it is reported that some senior officials of the service used a bunker in Ottawa to file and discuss warrant applications with judges of

1332-429: Is intended to prevent corruption and unchecked influence by provincial general secretaries. Provincial public security bureaus in turn administer county or district level public security sub-bureaus and branch bureaus, which perform a role similar to larger police stations. The lowest level outposts are police posts, which perform duties similar to of small local police stations. The network of public security bureaus and

1406-576: Is led by a director, the current being interim appointee Vanessa Lloyd, who assumed the role on July 20, 2024. Prior to 1984, security intelligence in Canada was the purview of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). However, during the 1970s, there were allegations that the RCMP Security Service – the predecessor to CSIS – had been involved in numerous illegal activities. As a result of these allegations, Justice David McDonald

1480-533: Is located in downtown Burnaby with a district office at the Vancouver International Airport . CSIS is functionally divided into three Deputy Directorates and five Assistant Directorates: CSIS also houses a Chief Audit and Evaluation Executive and a Senior Officer for Disclosure of Wrongdoing. CSIS officers stationed in foreign flashpoints, such as Afghanistan, carry unspecified guns, however they are not authorized to bear arms inside Canada. It

1554-584: Is neither a police agency nor is it a part of the military. As a civilian intelligence agency, the primary role of CSIS is not law enforcement. Investigation of criminal activity is left to the RCMP and local (provincial, regional or municipal) police agencies. CSIS, like counterparts such as the UK Security Service (MI5) and the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), is a civilian agency. CSIS

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1628-695: Is no evidence of this, and is only a speculation. CSIS was named one of " Canada's Top 100 Employers " by Mediacorp Canada Inc. for the years of 2009–2011, and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine. CSIS headquarters is located in Ottawa, Ontario and is responsible for the overall operations. Regionally, Canada is broken down into six subordinate regions; the Atlantic, Quebec, Ottawa, Toronto, Prairie, and British Columbia Regions. These regions are responsible for investigating any threat to Canada and its allies as defined by

1702-635: Is not allowed by Canadian law. Mosley found that "CSIS breached its duty of candour to the Court by not disclosing information that was relevant," according to a statement by the Federal Court. CSIS has also been involved in cases where evidence has been mishandled or omitted from the Courts. In 2009, it was alleged that the service did not disclose information that their confidential informants, which CSIS had been relying on to gather information about their targets, were either deceptive, or failed lie-detector tests. This

1776-657: Is not. Instead, Fox Hunt is a sweeping bid by General Secretary Xi to target Chinese nationals whom he sees as threats and who live outside China, across the world. We’re talking about political rivals, dissidents, and critics seeking to expose China’s extensive human rights violations. Hundreds of the Fox Hunt victims that they target live right here in the United States, and many are American citizens or green card holders. The Chinese government wants to force them to return to China, and China’s tactics to accomplish that are shocking. For example, when it couldn’t locate one Fox Hunt target,

1850-608: Is responsible solely for the province of Quebec . Its main office is in Montreal , with one district office in Quebec City . These two regions are responsible for operations in Ontario (except for NW Ontario). There are four district offices located in Niagara Falls, Windsor, Downtown Toronto and at Toronto Pearson International Airport . Geographically, this represents the largest of

1924-632: Is subject to review by the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA) as well as other legislative checks and balances. The agency carries out its functions in accordance with the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act , which governs and defines its powers and activities. Canadian police, military agencies ( Canadian Forces Intelligence Branch ), and numerous other government departments may maintain their own "intelligence" components (i.e. to analyze criminal intelligence or military strategic intelligence). Global Affairs Canada maintains

1998-540: Is using threats and intimidation against members of Canada's Chinese community that are akin to the tactics used in Operation Fox Hunt. CSIS said that “these tactics can also be used as cover for silencing dissent, pressuring political opponents and instilling a general fear of state power no matter where a person is located.” According to Freedom House , the Chinese intelligence and state security apparatus consisting of

2072-651: Is widely speculated that the CSIS uses the Smith & Wesson 5906 , the Colt Canada C8 and the Colt Canada C7A2 . CSIS Intelligence Officers (IOs) are required to complete the Intelligence Officer Entry Training (IOET) program at CSIS HQ in Ottawa, Ontario, followed by a three-year professional development program with a mandatory posting in Ottawa. Upon completion of the program, IOs may progress to

2146-407: The Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act . They liaise with the various federal, provincial, municipal and private sector entities found within their areas of responsibility. They also conduct various outreach programs with different community and cultural groups, universities, and private sector organizations in an effort to provide a better understanding, and to clear up any misunderstandings of

2220-506: The Federal Court . In the first year after its creation, CSIS was embroiled in the Air India bombing incident. There is evidence that CSIS knew of the plot three weeks before it happened, had multiple informants under surveillance, and that one of the suspects in the bombing, Surjan Singh Gill , was a CSIS informant. It was also revealed that of the 210 wiretaps recorded before and after

2294-699: The Hong Kong Police Force and the Public Security Police Force of Macau ) has a provincial-level public security department or municipal PSB to deal with provincial security issues. In 2016, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Public Security Department signed a partnership agreement with Huawei . In 2019, the same PSD and its subordinate municipal PSBs were sanctioned by the U.S. Department of State for their role in human rights abuses against

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2368-733: The New York City Police Department (NYPD), was arrested at gun point in September 2020 on federal charges of allegedly spying for China by infiltrating the Tibetan community. The former Marine spent six months in a federal detention center before he was freed on bail. Abruptly, federal prosecutors dropped the case against him in January 2021 without further explanation. In 2023, the NYPD ordered him to answer questions from internal investigators about

2442-644: The Obama administration protested the use of undercover intelligence agents as part of Operation Fox Hunt. In 2020 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director Christopher A. Wray gave a speech at the Hudson Institute in New York where he talked at length about Fox Hunt and said the purpose of Fox Hunt is political repression, not anti-corruption. According to Wray, targets are given the option of returning to China or committing suicide. Wray also asserted that targets of

2516-599: The People's Liberation Army (PLA), the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) and the Ministry of State Security (MSS) are thought to play key roles in the coordination of Fox Hunt. The MPS is China's national police and domestic counter-intelligence agency responsible for law enforcement while the MSS is responsible for foreign and counter-intelligence. The MPS is alleged to handle the re-patriation of corruption suspects to Chinese territory while

2590-509: The Air India bombing. Testifying before the same committee two days later, the director of CSIS, Jim Judd said that O'Brian "may have been confused" and "venturing into a hypothetical", and would send the committee a clarifying letter. Two weeks later CSIS announced that Judd would be retiring in June, five months before the end of his five-year term. Prominent Canadian national security lawyer Barbara Jackman has also been critical, categorizing

2664-631: The CIA. As Canada's contributor of human intelligence to the Five Eyes , CSIS works closely with the intelligence agencies of the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Under the post-World War II Quadripartite (UKUSA) Agreement , intelligence information is shared between the intelligence agencies of these five countries. It is widely speculated that CSIS employees similar to Security Intelligence Officers are posted at Canadian Embassies abroad in order to collect foreign intelligence. However, there

2738-511: The Chinese government resort to blackmail, threats of violence, stalking, and kidnappings. They’ve actually engaged criminal organizations in the U.S., offering them bounties in hopes of successfully taking targets back to China. China applies incredible pressure on the targets of those efforts, many of whom still have family back in China. Some, unaware the Party was after them, have traveled back to China for

2812-495: The Chinese government sent an emissary to visit the target’s family here in the United States. The message they said to pass on? The target had two options: return to China promptly, or commit suicide. And what happens when Fox Hunt targets refuse to return to China? In the past, their family members both here in the United States and in China have been threatened and coerced, and those back in China have even been arrested for leverage." — Christopher A. Wray (July 2020) In 2015,

2886-539: The Chinese government. The Department of Justice accused the two of engaging in transnational repression of US based dissidents to "silence, harass, discredit and spy on U.S -based residents for exercising their freedom of speech" In a superseding indictment unsealed on July 7, a grand jury charged Craig Miller, a current DHS agent, and former DHS agent Derrick Taylor, for destroying evidence and allegedly accessing confidential government databases to secure information in aid of repression of local dissidents. In October 2022,

2960-578: The Front's leading organizers, including helping to organize actions, recruit members, bring speakers to Canada (such as Tom Metzger ), and offer training to Front activists. When the story became public knowledge, the press aired concerns that he had not only been one of the founders of the Heritage Front group, but that he had also channelled CSIS funding to the group. In 1997, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police collaborated with CSIS on Project Sidewinder ,

3034-459: The July 2021 indictment is superseding (taking the role of the previous indictment). The individuals are alleged to have surveilled , harassed, stalked, and coerced American residents to return to China, sometimes threatening family members if they failed to comply. The Justice Department accuses Tu Lan, a prosecutor of the Hanyang People's Procuratorate and one of the indicted, of directing

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3108-469: The Justice Department unsealed charges concerning seven Chinese nationals, indicting them in an investigation related to Fox Hunt. Two were arrested in New York. The Chinese nationals were charged for surveillance and harassment in a campaign to coerce a US resident to return to China. In June 2023 three men were convicted of offenses which included stalking and conspiracy related to an operation against

3182-800: The MSS is thought to be responsible for targeting and handling political dissidents abroad with the PLA playing a role in cyberwarfare and spyware campaigns targeted at dissidents abroad. In January 2024, the prosecutor general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate Ying Yong called on the country to develop "foreign related rule of law" and legal experts with expertise on foreign jurisdictions and legal systems in order to more effectively combat transnational anti-corruption, counterterrorism and cybercrime cases; indicating an increased focus on utilising foreign judicial systems to pursue domestic corruption suspects which have fled abroad to evade prosecution. We’re seeing

3256-629: The Ministry of Public Security should not be confused with the separate but parallel network of state security bureaus/state security departments, administered at the national level by the Ministry of State Security (MSS), which is responsible for external and internal intelligence, and performing a " secret police " or security police role responsible for preemptive response to ' mass incidents ' (Chinese terminology for protests or social disturbances) and internal security. The two systems are administratively separate, although at local levels they co-operate to

3330-638: The Parliament in 2019, the oversight and reporting regime for CSIS was overhauled. The previous agency that handled all oversight of CSIS, the Security Intelligence Review Committee (SIRC) was replaced by a new agency, the National Security & Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA), which now includes oversight of all national security and intelligence activities undertaken by any agency of the Government of Canada. The reforms also included

3404-540: The Parliament of Canada passed the Countering Foreign Interference Act , which amended the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act to give CSIS powers to investigate potential foreign interference in the Canadian political system. The leadership position is mostly a political appointment. Coulombe and Yaworski were promoted from the ranks within CSIS. Vigneault had held a management posting with CSIS. Neufeld had joined CSIS in 1984 after being in

3478-631: The RCMP to the US government. Arar was held by the Syrians for one year and was tortured. The sole criticism of CSIS leveled by the commission was that the agency should do more to critically examine information provided by regimes which practice torture . On March 31, 2009, CSIS lawyer and advisor Geoffrey O'Brian told the Committee on Public Safety and National Security that CSIS would use information obtained by torture if it could prevent another attack such as 9/11 or

3552-497: The RCMP. Finn was previously assistant secretary to the federal cabinet for security and intelligence matters in the 1970s. Neufeld (RCMP) and Vigneault (CBSA, CSE) have law enforcement backgrounds. *Deputy director Jeffrey Yaworski briefly served as interim director for a few weeks following Coulombe's departure, but the agency considers Vigneault to be its ninth director. CSIS is one of several federal agencies (primarily those involved with law enforcement, security, or having

3626-574: The bombing, 156 were erased by CSIS. The scandal contributed to the resignation of CSIS' first director, Ted Finn . Crown prosecutor James Jardine expressed frustration with CSIS to the Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182 , headed by Justice John C. Major. Two Canadian courts have publicly criticized CSIS for destroying wiretap evidence. One court commented on

3700-643: The coordination of multiple government agencies to cut off the exfiltration of state and corrupt assets abroad. According to reports by state media the program was still active as of 2023 with long time fugitive Guo Qigang "voluntarily" returning to China in July 2023 to face charges. The article in China Daily stated that Guo was the party secretary of state owned SDIC Power Corp and had engaged in "duty-related violations and crimes". The same articled that former policewoman Guo Jiefang, "voluntarily returned to China and turned herself in". The article stated that Guo

3774-525: The country. Chinese authorities alleged that their father and former official at the state-owned Bank of Communications , Liu Changming, was wanted for embezzlement charges. The pair's mother and naturalized American citizen Sandra Han was also detained allegedly in a black jail by Chinese public security authorities. In September 2021, reporting by the South China Morning Post confirmed that exit bans against Victor and Cynthia had been lifted and

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3848-502: The creation of a new Intelligence Commissioner who reports to Parliament and has quasi-judicial oversight of all national security matters. National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians (NSICOP) is the primary oversight committee in regards to Canadian Intelligence. The committee performs strategic and systematic reviews of the legislative, regulatory, policy, expenditure and administrative frameworks under which national security activities are conducted. The committee

3922-420: The direction of Thomas D'Arcy Finn . At first, the main emphasis of CSIS was combating the activities of various foreign intelligence agencies operating in Canada. For example, it has been engaged in investigating economic espionage involving Chinese operations throughout Canada. While the threat posed by foreign intelligence agencies still remains, CSIS over the years since 9/11 has focused more and more on

3996-547: The importance of wiretap evidence from CSIS in establishing guilt. The second focused on its exculpatory value. From 1988-1994, CSIS contracted a private investigator to act as an undercover agent. The agent, Grant Bristow , built relationships with far-right activists and white supremacists involved in the Nationalist Party of Canada , before breaking off with them to form the Heritage Front . Bristow would act as one of

4070-725: The investigator role and may be relocated to other offices. Intelligence Officers are put on probation for at least a year upon completion of the IOET. Foreign language training is also available for Intelligence Officers. The RAP was reorganized in 1996–1997 in order to better coordinate with the Intelligence Assessment Secretariat of the Privy Council Office . It has four sub-divisions: Counter Intelligence, Foreign Intelligence, Counter-terrorism and Distribution. As part of an omnibus national security bill passed by

4144-552: The official questioning "undermines its ability to carry out its mission". Angwang plans to sue the NYPD. In October 2020, five people were arrested by the FBI in relation to their participation in Operation Fox Hunt and charged with conspiring to act as illegal agents of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and conspiracy to commit interstate and international stalking. An additional three people, who are believed to have absconded to China, were charged with similar offenses. In July 2021,

4218-409: The operation were coerced into compliance through arrests of family members and friends back home in China who were used as leverage in order to exert psychological pressure against the targets. Wray said "These are not the actions we would expect from a responsible nation-state. Instead, it’s more like something we’d expect from an organised criminal syndicate." Baimadajie Angwang, a police officer for

4292-538: The pair had been allowed to return home. The lifting of exit bans against US citizens in China in 2021 came shortly after an agreement was reached between the United States and the Chinese government relating to the Meng Wanzhou extradition case in which Meng, CFO of Huawei and daughter of its chief executive Ren Zhengfei , was arrested for wire fraud and breach of US sanctions against Iran in December 2018. In 2021, Meng

4366-408: The rationale being to coerce fugitives who have fled overseas to return to China to face prosecution. Family members of suspects accused of corruption by Chinese authorities, particularly Chinese American citizens and other overseas Chinese nationals are frequently stopped at airports without explanation and informed by China Immigration Inspection personnel that they are barred from leaving due to

4440-476: The registration of temporary residents (including both foreign and domestic visitors). The system of public security bureaus is administered by the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), which co-ordinates the work of provincial public security departments that are also answerable to the local governments and provincial party secretaries. PSB's located in each province are jointly supervised by the central government as well as provincial governments, an arrangement that

4514-563: The repatriation, leading French intelligence to lodge a complaint. Paul Charon, an expert on China at the French defense ministry's Institute for Strategic Research, said “It also shows a bigger phenomenon: the hardening stance of the regime in Beijing, which dares to carry out these operations overseas and mock the sovereignty of other countries.” The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) publicly acknowledged to The Globe and Mail that China

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4588-416: The research by CSIS as "sloppy" and that its officers are "susceptible to tunnel vision ". Public security bureau (China) A public security bureau (PSB; Chinese : 公安局 ; pinyin : gōng'ānjú ) of a city or county, or public security department (PSD; Chinese : 公安厅 ; pinyin : Gōng'āntīng ) of a province or autonomous region, in the People's Republic of China refers to

4662-441: The role of CSIS. All these regions also border the US and they therefore maintain contact with their US federal counterparts. The Atlantic Region encompasses the four Atlantic provinces ( Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , and Prince Edward Island ) and is the smallest of the six CSIS regions. Its main office is located in Halifax , with two district offices in Fredericton and St. John's . This region

4736-411: The six regions and encompasses the area of Ontario north and west of Thunder Bay , Manitoba , Saskatchewan , Alberta and the three northern territories of Yukon , Northwest Territories and Nunavut . The regional office is located in Edmonton with three district offices located in Winnipeg , Regina and Calgary . This region is responsible for the province of British Columbia. Its main office

4810-450: The spying case but Angwang, on the advice of his lawyers, declined because the department refused to provide documents that would have allowed them to prepare. In 2024, Angwang was fired from his job. This was an unusually harsh penalty, according to an administrative NYPD judge as well as Angwang's lawyer. In his decision letter, NYPD commissioner Edward Caban wrote that as the department is a paramilitary organization, failure to comply with

4884-416: The surveillance campaign and subsequent destruction of evidence to obstruct the American investigation into their activities. One of those targeted by the alleged conspirators is accused of having accepted bribes as a Chinese official. In July 2022, a federal grand jury indicted a Chinese national Sun Hoi Ying (aka Sun Haiying) and a current Department of Homeland Security agent for acting as an agent of

4958-502: The threat to Canadian security and its citizens posed by terrorist activity, and this has led to the memorable cases of Maher Arar and Omar Khadr . The institutional focus of CSIS returned to state actors (such as Russia and China) after a February 2021 speech by the CSIS director, David Vigneault, who warned that the Chinese "strategy for geopolitical advantage on all fronts — economic, technological, political and military" uses "all elements of state power to carry out activities that are

5032-521: Was a police officer of the Guangzhou Public Security Bureau 's traffic department, fled overseas in March 2000 after she was suspected to have accepted bribes. The article stated that Guo was one of 100 most wanted fugitives on the Interpol red list released by the CCDI as part of Operation Fox Hunt in 2015. The Chinese Communist Party under Xi Jinping has pursued a policy of exit-bans against dissidents, political activists as well as family members of relatives and corruption suspects who have fled abroad,

5106-420: Was allowed to reach a deferred prosecution agreement in which she would affirm the accuracy of a statement of facts stating her actions amounted to a breach of US sanctions and fraud and agree not to commit other crimes or face prosecution, allowing her to maintain her initial plea of not guilty. The timing of lifting of exit bans and release of what were effectively hostages raised suspicions in regard to whether

5180-406: Was appointed in 1977 to investigate the activities of the RCMP Security Service. The resulting investigation, known as the McDonald Commission , published its final report in 1981, with its main recommendation being that security intelligence work should be separated from policing, and that a civilian intelligence agency be created to take over from the RCMP Security Service. On June 21, 1984, CSIS

5254-423: Was created by an Act of Parliament . At the time, it was also decided that the activities of this new agency, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, should be subject to both judicial approval for warrants and to general review by a new body, the Security Intelligence Review Committee , as well as the office of the Inspector General (which was disbanded in 2012). Its de facto existence began on July 16 under

5328-440: Was lifted after writing a petition to Chinese authorities pledging that she would convince her father-in-law to return to the United States, but Hsu remained under detention within China. In November 2021, Hsu's exit ban was lifted and he was allowed to return home to the United States. In November 2018, two Chinese American citizens, Victor and Cynthia Liu, were stopped by Chinese immigration authorities and prevented from leaving

5402-520: Was not an isolated case, and in several other instances, the agency mishandling of evidence has also called for investigation. On September 18, 2006, the Arar Commission absolved CSIS of any involvement in the extraordinary rendition by the United States of a Canadian citizen, Maher Arar . The commission found that US authorities sent Arar to Jordan and then Syria (his country of birth) based on incorrect information which had been provided by

5476-476: Was only allowed to collect this intelligence within Canada but due to an updated law in 2016 they are now allowed to collect that intelligence abroad as well. CSIS has served in many different countries, especially after 9/11. Examples of some of the countries they have served in are: Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Mali, Libya, Sudan, Pakistan, Somalia, Qatar, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. CSIS

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