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30-1117: Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk (Church of Our Lady) is a common church dedication in Belgium and the Netherlands and may refer to: Cathedral of Our Lady (Antwerp) , Belgium Church of Our Lady (Bruges) , Belgium Church of Our Lady (Kortrijk) , Belgium Church of Our Lady of Laeken , Belgium Kerk van Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-over-de-Dijle , Mechelen, Belgium Basiliek van Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-van-Hanswijk , Mechelen, Belgium Church of Our Lady, Melsele , Belgium Basilica of Our Lady of Scherpenheuvel , Belgium Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk , Sint-Niklaas, Belgium Lievenvrouwenkerk , Sint-Truiden, Belgium Onze-Lieve-Vrouwe Basiliek , Tongeren, Belgium Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk , Vilvoorde, Belgium Onze Lieve Vrouwetoren , Amersfoort, Netherlands Church of Our Lady (Amsterdam) , Netherlands Grote kerk (Breda) , Netherlands Vrouwekerk , Leiden, Netherlands Basilica of Our Lady (Maastricht) , Netherlands Topics referred to by

60-478: A baptismal font . Some larger parishes or parishes that have been combined under one parish priest, may have two or more such churches, or the parish may be responsible for chapels (or chapels of ease) located at some distance from the mother church for the convenience of distant parishioners. In England and many British Overseas Territories as well as former British territories, the Church of England parish church

90-459: A geographically extensive rural parish) or mission church . Often the parish church will be the only one to have a full-time minister , who will also serve any smaller churches within the parish. (For example, St. Peter's Church in St. George's Parish, Bermuda, is located on St. George's Island ; hence, a chapel-of-ease, named simply Chapel-of-Ease , was erected on neighbouring St. David's Island so that

120-619: A number of artistic treasures were once again destroyed, removed or sold. The restoration of Roman Catholic authority came in 1585 with the fall of Antwerp . In 1794 the French revolutionaries who conquered the region plundered Our Lady's Cathedral and inflicted serious damage. Around 1798, the French administration intended to demolish the building but after each blow, the cathedral was able to recover. In 1816, various important works of art were returned from Paris, including three Rubens masterpieces. Over

150-505: A result, the cathedral's importance in the history of music soon soared. Johannes Ockeghem , one of the most important composers of the 15th century, served here as a vicar-singer in 1443, and so did Jacob Obrecht between 1492 and 1497. Sixteenth-century choirmasters included Antoine Barbe, Geert van Turnhout, Séverin Cornet, and Andreas Pevernage . Organists who worked at the cathedral include Henry Bredemers (1493–1501), who went on to become

180-485: A teacher to Philip the Handsome 's children and the renowned English composer John Bull (1615–1628), who fled to Flanders from his home country escaping justice. From 1725 to 1731 Willem de Fesch served as Kapelmeester, followed from 1731 to 1737 by Joseph-Hector Fiocco , and from 1737 by André-Joseph Blavier . Lesser known but locally important figures, such as Jacobus Barbireau and Andreas Pevernage , also worked at

210-523: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cathedral of Our Lady (Antwerp) The Cathedral of Our Lady ( Dutch : Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekathedraal ) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Antwerp , Belgium . Today's seat of the Diocese of Antwerp started in 1352 and, although the first stage of construction was ended in 1521, has never been 'completed'. It

240-509: Is included in the Belfries of Belgium and France entry in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The first Christian missionaries arrived in the 7th century. The first parish church dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul was constructed in the current Sint Michielsstraat . After the Viking raids in 836, the church was damaged and restored, and subsequently dedicated to Saint Michael . In

270-537: Is the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches. Parishes cover almost the whole area of England. In addition to ecclesiastic parishes , with which this article is concerned, there is also a system of civil parishes , which represent the smallest tier of administrative units. However since the 19th century these have not shared the same boundaries, or often the same names. (In other territories arrangements may differ, e.g. in Bermuda civil and church parishes still share

300-449: Is the center of most Catholics' spiritual life since it is there that they receive the sacraments . On Sundays and perhaps also daily, Mass is celebrated by a priest resident in the parish. Confession is made available and perhaps Vespers in the larger or more progressive parishes. There are also laity-led activities and social events in accordance with local culture and circumstances. Roman Catholics are not obliged to worship only at

330-572: Is thought to have spent time in Antwerp in the 7th century. The cathedral possesses a number of major works of art : Two of these artworks were confiscated by Napoleon and moved to France, The Raising of the Cross (which was actually the main altar piece of the St Walburga church) and The Descent from the Cross , but were returned to the cathedral in the 19th century. The Paintings were stolen again by

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360-521: The Beeldenstorm at the start of the Eighty Years' War ), Protestants destroyed a large part of the cathedral interior. The eye-witness Richard Clough , a Welsh Protestant merchant then in Antwerp, wrote that the cathedral: "looked like a hell, with above 10,000 torches burning, and such a noise as if heaven and earth had got together, with falling of images and beating down of costly works, such sort that

390-604: The Blessed Sacrament of the altar ... they trod under their feet and (horrible it is to say!) shed their stinking piss upon it ... these false bretheren burned and rent not only all kind of Church books, but, moreover, destroyed whole libraries of books of all sciences and tongues, yea the Holy Scriptures and the ancient fathers , and tore in pieces the maps and charts of the descriptions of countries. Later, when Antwerp came under Protestant administration in 1581,

420-635: The Imperial German Army in 1914 and taken to the Berlin Palace where they were kept until after the Armistice of November 11, 1918 when they were returned. Inside the Cathedral some important graves still can be found, amongst them family members of the noble houses of Rubens, Fourment, Goubau, Tucher, Plantin, Moretus, de Borrekens, etc. Some stones were resited there after Saint-Michael's abbey church

450-620: The 10th century, a group of 12 secular canons were connected to this church. They would dedicate all of their time to the Liturgy of the Hours , and mainly opposed the beliefs of the established Roman Catholic Church. Upon hearing of their dissident behavior, the bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai (to which Antwerp belonged at the time) then sent Norbert of Xanten to discipline them. In 1124, Norbert of Xanten convinces 4 of

480-403: The area of Het Steen . Becoming more popular, the chapel is demolished and replaced by a much bigger romanesque church. The three-aisled nave corresponded in width to the cathedral's current central aisle, the inner and partly the middle aisles. The cloverleaf-shaped eastern section with a full aisle had a width of no less than 42 m. In 1294, the church gets a novum opus extension, indicating

510-460: The cathedral. The church's one finished spire is 123 meters (404 ft) tall, the tallest church tower in the Benelux . Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor commented that the spire should be kept under glass, and Napoleon compared the spire to Mechlin lace . The largest bell in the tower requires 16 bell ringers. The west portal features statues which include the missionary Saint Willibrord . He

540-463: The church may use community centres or the facilities of a local church of another denomination. While villages and small towns may have a single parish church, larger towns may have a parish church and other smaller churches in various districts. These other churches do not have the legal or religious status of a parish church, and may be described by a variety of terms, such as chapel of ease (this term more often refers to an additional church in

570-517: The course of the 19th century, the church was completely restored and refurnished. The Cathedral was looted and vandalized in 1914 by German soldiers after the Siege of Antwerp (1914) . Many of its treasures were taken to Berlin and not returned until after the Armistice of 11 November 1918 Between 1965 and 1993, a complete restoration took place. At the beginning of the 15th century, the cathedral's choir started developing an active musical life, and as

600-410: The first signs of gothic architecture . In 1352, construction was begun on a new Our Lady's church which would become the largest Gothic church in Belgium. In the beginning, it was to be provided with two towers of equal height. In 1521, after nearly 170 years, the new church of Our Lady was ready. The south tower reached only as far as the third-string course. During the night of 5–6 October 1533,

630-481: The island's residents need not cross St. George's Harbour .) In cities without an Anglican cathedral , the parish church may have administrative functions similar to that of a cathedral. However, the diocese will still have a cathedral. The Church of Scotland , the established Presbyterian church also uses a system of parish churches, covering the whole of Scotland . In Massachusetts , towns elected publicly funded parish churches from 1780 until 1834, under

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660-521: The new church was largely gutted by fire; however, Lancelot II of Ursel managed to save the building. The completion of the second tower was therefore delayed, which led to its ultimate postponement. Moreover, the church only became the cathedral of the bishopric of Antwerp in 1559 but lost this title again from 1801 to 1961, following the Concordat of 1801 . During the Iconoclasm of 20 August 1566 (part of

690-421: The painted images, not only of Our Lady but of all others in the town. They tore the curtains, dashed in pieces the carved work of brass and stone, brake the altars, spoilt the clothes and corporesses, wrested the irons, conveyed away or brake the chalices and vestiments, pulled up the brass of the gravestones, not sparing the glass and seats which were made about the pillars of the church for men to sit in. ...

720-411: The parish church to which they belong, but they may for convenience or taste, attend services at any Roman Catholic church. However, their parish church is the one, where members of the parish must go to, for baptisms and weddings , unless they are permitted by the parish priest (US ' pastor ') for celebrating those sacraments elsewhere. One sign of that is the parish church being the only one to have

750-585: The same boundaries, see Anglican Church of Bermuda ). Most ecclesiastical parishes have an Anglican parish church , which is consecrated . If there is no parish church, the bishop licenses another building for worship, and may designate it as a parish centre of worship . This building is not consecrated, but is dedicated, and for most legal purposes it is deemed to be a parish church. In areas of increasing secularisation or shifts in religious belief, centres of worship are becoming more common, and many larger churches have been sold due to their upkeep costs. Instead

780-438: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk&oldid=846384025 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

810-529: The secular canons to start a norbertine abbey and thus the parish church becomes a monastery church, known as St. Michael's Abbey . The 8 other secular canons prefer to keep their freedom and move to a different location, a chapel dedicated to Our Lady, the Virgin Mary . This chapel becomes Antwerp's new parish church, and is located between the Saint Michael residential area, and an older settlement around

840-429: The spoil was so great that a man could not well pass through the church. So that in fine [short], I cannot write you in x sheets of paper the strange sight I saw there, organs and all destroyed." Nicolas Sander, an English Catholic exile who was a professor of theology at Louvain , described the destruction in the church: ... these fresh followers of this new preaching threw down the graven [sculpted] and defaced

870-505: Was constructed in the Gothic style by architects Jan and Pieter Appelmans . It contains a number of significant works by the Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens , as well as paintings by artists such as Otto van Veen , Jacob de Backer and Marten de Vos . The cathedral is the largest Gothic church in Belgium, with its tower rising 123 meters (404 ft) over the city. The belfry of the cathedral

900-472: Was lost. Parish church Each diocese (administrative unit, headed by a bishop) is divided into parishes. Normally, a parish consists of all Catholics living within its geographically defined area. Within a diocese, there can also be overlapping parishes for Catholics belonging to a particular rite, language, nationality, or community. Each parish has its own central church called the parish church, where religious services take place. The parish church

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