Misplaced Pages

#961038

80-522: When the legislature is not sitting, the network broadcasts committee hearings which take place in the Amethyst Room. Each Sunday, a compilation series called Sunday Encore rebroadcasts the highlights from the previous week. Closed captioning is also provided. The Ontario Parliament Network's coverage of Question Period is also aired from 3:00-4:00am the following morning on TVOntario stations. When meetings are adjourned and there are no sittings,

160-569: A BGAN satellite modem to make a videocall to the BBC from the summit of Mount Everest , at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) above sea level. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant increase in the use of videoconferencing. Berstein Research found that Zoom added more subscribers during the first two months of 2020 alone than in the entire year 2019. GoToMeeting had a 20 percent increase in usage, according to LogMeIn . UK based StarLeaf reported

240-444: A 600 percent increase in national call volumes. Videoconferencing became so widespread during the pandemic that the term Zoom fatigue came to prominence, referring to the taxing nature of spending long periods of time on videocalls. This fatigue refers to the psychological and physiological effects participants involved in videoconferencing. One experimental study from 2021 revealed a link between camera use in videoconferencing and

320-448: A briefcase. This technique was very expensive, though, and was not adopted for applications such as telemedicine , distance education , and business meetings. Decades of research and development culminated in the 1970 commercial launch of AT&T's Picturephone service, available in select cities. However, the system was a commercial failure, chiefly due to consumer apathy, high subscription costs, and lack of network effect —with only

400-528: A century, futurists have envisioned a future where telephone conversations will take place as actual face-to-face encounters with video as well as audio. Sometimes it is simply not possible or practical to have face-to-face meetings with two or more people. Sometimes a telephone conversation or conference call is adequate. Other times, e-mail exchanges are adequate. However, videoconferencing adds another option and can be considered when: Bill Gates said in 2001 that he used videoconferencing "three or four times

480-724: A committee (or "commission") consisting of one or more persons to assist with the work of the assembly. For larger organizations, much work is done in committees. They can be a way to formally draw together people of relevant expertise from different parts of an organization who otherwise would not have a good way to share information and coordinate actions. They may have the advantage of widening viewpoints and sharing out responsibilities. They can also be appointed with experts to recommend actions in matters that require specialized knowledge or technical judgment. Committees can serve several different functions: Generally, committees are required to report to their parent body. They do not usually have

560-446: A committee as a way to explore them more fully than would be possible if the whole assembly or organization were considering them. Committees may have different functions and their types of work differ depending on the type of organization and its needs. A member of a legislature may be delegated a committee assignment , which gives them the right to serve on a certain committee. A deliberative assembly or other organization may form

640-589: A different version. A conference committee in the United States Congress is a temporary panel of negotiators from the House of Representatives and the Senate . Unless one chamber decides to accept the other's original bill, the compromise version must pass both chambers after leaving the conference committee. This committee is usually composed of the senior members of the standing committees that originally considered

720-424: A few hundred Picturephones in the world, users had extremely few contacts they could actually call, and interoperability with other videophone systems would not exist for decades. In the 1980s, digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many of these technologies, such as

800-429: A large project's development team could be organized to solve some particular issue with offsetting considerations and trade-offs. Once the committee makes its final report to its parent body, the special committee ceases to exist. A committee that is a subset of a larger committee is called a subcommittee . Committees that have a large workload may form subcommittees to further divide the work. Subcommittees report to

880-572: A narrow range of sound delays. Videophones have historically employed a variety of transmission and reception bandwidths, which can be understood as data transmission speeds. The lower the transmission/reception bandwidth, the lower the data transfer rate, resulting in a progressively limited and poorer image quality (i.e. lower resolution and/or frame rate). Data transfer rates and live video image quality are related but are also subject to other factors such as data compression techniques . Some early videophones employed very low data transmission rates with

SECTION 10

#1732852125962

960-500: A newer, more advanced subset of videoconferencing systems, meant to allow higher degrees of video and audio fidelity. Such high-end systems are typically deployed in corporate settings. Mobile collaboration systems are another recent development, combining the use of video, audio, and on-screen drawing capabilities using newest generation hand-held electronic devices broadcasting over secure networks, enabling multi-party conferencing in real time, independent of location. Proximity chat

1040-597: A number of small communities in Northern Ontario without cable service, TVOntario also formerly operated LPTV transmitters which broadcast the network as a conventional over-the-air signal. These transmitters operated with the call sign CJOL-TV . As well as the service's regular programming, the transmitters also leased broadcasting time to the Wawatay Native Communications Society , a producer of First Nations television programming. In 1989,

1120-490: A particular task or to oversee a specific area in need of control or oversight. Many are research or coordination committees in type or purpose and are temporary. Some are a sub-group of a larger society with a particular area of interest which are organized to meet and discuss matters pertaining to their interests. For example; a group of astronomers might be organized to discuss how to get the larger society to address near Earth objects . A subgroup of engineers and scientists of

1200-536: A prediction of fatigue occurrence an individual. Furthermore, a 2022 article in the journal " Computers in Human Behaviour " highlighted a study linking negative attitudes with the use of "self-view" when videoconferencing. On 21 September 2021, Facebook launched two new versions of its Portal video-calling devices, the Portal Go and Portal Plus. The new video calling devices include the first portable variety of

1280-409: A resulting poor video quality. Broadband bandwidth is often called high-speed , because it usually has a high rate of data transmission. In general, any connection of 256 kbit/s (0.256 Mbit/s) or greater is more concisely considered broadband Internet. The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) recommendation I.113 has defined broadband as

1360-480: A smaller group, but simply permit the assembly's full meeting body to consider it with the greater freedom of debate that is allowed to committees. These forms are to go into a committee of the whole , to go into a quasi-committee of the whole, and to consider informally. Passing any of these motions removes the limitations on the number of times a member can speak. The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure has informal consideration, but does not have "committee of

1440-598: A specific provision in the charter or bylaws of the entity (i.e. a board cannot appoint an executive committee without authorization to do so). Members of the executive committee may be elected by the overall franchised membership or by the board, depending on the rules of the organization, and usually consist of the CEO and the Vice Presidents in charge of respective directorates within the organization. However formed, an executive committee only has such powers and authority that

1520-634: A transmission capacity at 1.5 to 2   Mbit/s. The Federal Communications Commission (United States) definition of broadband is 25 Mbit/s. Currently, adequate video for some purposes becomes possible at data rates lower than the ITU-T broadband definition, with rates of 768 kbit/s and 384 kbit/s used for some videoconferencing applications, and rates as low as 100 kbit/s used for videophones using H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression protocols. The newer MPEG-4 video and audio compression format can deliver high-quality video at 2   Mbit/s, which

1600-402: A year", because digital scheduling was difficult and "if the overhead is super high, then you might as well just have a face-to-face meeting". Some observers argue that three outstanding issues have prevented videoconferencing from becoming a widely adopted form of communication, despite the ubiquity of videoconferencing-capable systems. These are some of the reasons many organizations only use

1680-682: Is another alternative mode, focused on the flexibility of small group conversations. A more recent technology encompassing these functions is TV cams. TV cams enable people to make video calls using video calling services, like Skype on their TV, without using a PC connection. TV cams are specially designed video cameras that feed images in real time to another TV camera or other compatible computing devices like smartphones, tablets and computers. Webcams are popular, relatively low-cost devices that can provide live video and audio streams via personal computers , and can be used with many software clients for both video calls and videoconferencing. Each of

SECTION 20

#1732852125962

1760-593: Is at the low end of cable modem and ADSL broadband performance. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has three umbrellas of standards for videoconferencing: The Unified Communications Interoperability Forum (UCIF), a non-profit alliance between communications vendors, launched in May 2010. The organization's vision is to maximize the interoperability of UC based on existing standards. Founding members of UCIF include HP , Microsoft , Polycom , Logitech / Lifesize , and Juniper Networks . Videoconferencing in

1840-572: Is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labeled packets , which are then transmitted through a digital network of some kind (usually ISDN or IP ). The other components required for a videoconferencing system include: There are basically three kinds of videoconferencing and videophone systems: Videoconferencing systems use several methods to determine which video feed or feeds to display. Continuous Presence simply displays all participants at

1920-462: Is clear what is being discussed). The level of formality depends on the size and type of committee, in which sometimes larger committees considering crucial issues may require more formal processes. Minutes are a record of the decisions at meetings. They can be taken by a person designated as the secretary. For most organizations, committees are not required to keep formal minutes. However, some bodies require that committees take minutes, especially if

2000-433: Is granted its scope and powers over a particular area of business by the governing documents. Standing committees meet on a regular or irregular basis depending on their function, and retain any power or oversight originally given them until subsequent official actions of the governing body (through changes to law or by-laws) disbands the committee. Most governmental legislative committees are standing committees. This phrase

2080-409: Is made with instructions and the motion is agreed to, the chairman of the committee in question will immediately report the bill or resolution back to the whole House with the new language. In this sense, a motion to recommit with instructions is effectively an amendment. In Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised ( RONR ), the motion to commit has three variations which do not turn a question over to

2160-466: Is that they be made up of qualified and knowledgeable people representing the best interests of the membership. In the case of business entities, their directors will often be brought in from outside, and receive a benefit for their expertise. In the context of nominations for awards, a nominating committee can also be formed for the purpose of nominating persons or things held up for judgment by others as to their comparative quality or value, especially for

2240-448: Is the common designation of the highest organ of communist parties between two congresses . The committee was elected by the party congress and led party activities, elected the politburo and the general secretary of the communist party . Videoconferencing Videotelephony (also known as videoconferencing or video calling ) is the use of audio and video for simultaneous two-way communication . Today, videotelephony

2320-571: Is used in the legislatures of the following countries: Under the laws of the United States of America, a standing committee is a Congressional committee permanently authorized by the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate rules. The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 greatly reduced the number of committees, and set up the legislative committee structure still in use today, as modified by authorized changes via

2400-442: Is widespread. There are many terms to refer to videotelephony. Videophones are standalone devices for video calling (compare Telephone ). In the present day, devices like smartphones and computers are capable of video calling, reducing the demand for separate videophones. Videoconferencing implies group communication. Videoconferencing is used in telepresence , whose goal is to create the illusion that remote participants are in

2480-517: The European Parliament at a second reading. Although the practice has fallen out of favour in other Australian Parliaments, the Parliament of South Australia still regularly appoints a "Conference of Managers" from each House to negotiate compromises on disputed bills in private. In organizations, the term "conference committee" may have a different meaning. This meaning may be associated with

Ontario Parliament Network - Misplaced Pages Continue

2560-510: The Media space , are not as widely used today as videoconferencing but were still an important area of research. The first dedicated systems started to appear as ISDN networks were expanding throughout the world. One of the first commercial videoconferencing systems sold to companies came from PictureTel Corp. , which had an initial public offering in November, 1984. In 1984, Concept Communication in

2640-749: The Toronto Symphony Orchestra , Toronto Chamber Orchestra , and CBC Vancouver Orchestra and the brass band is the Hannaford Street Silver Band. Around Christmas time, the selection changes to Christmas-themed albums by the same people and shows pictures inside the building all decorated with Christmas garments and tree. New albums include jazz music performed by the University of Toronto 12tet and classical music performed by Gryphon Trio and guitarist Jeffrey McFadden . The songs and names of albums are displayed when they start playing. In

2720-655: The first public videoconference between North America and Africa took place, linking a technofair in San Francisco with a techno-rave and cyberdeli in Cape Town . At the 1998 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Nagano , Japan, Seiji Ozawa conducted the Ode to Joy from Beethoven's Ninth Symphony simultaneously across five continents in near-real-time. Kyocera conducted a two-year development campaign from 1997 to 1999 that resulted in

2800-437: The 1980s and 1990s. Proprietary equipment, software, and network requirements gave way to standards-based technologies that were available for anyone to purchase at a reasonable cost. While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service uses of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM, which at

2880-480: The 2000s via free Internet services such as Skype and iChat , web plugins supporting H.26x video standards, and online telecommunication programs that promoted low cost, albeit lower quality, videoconferencing to virtually every location with an Internet connection. Videotelephony became even more widespread through the deployment of video-enabled mobile phones such as 2010s iPhone 4 , plus videoconferencing and computer webcams which use Internet telephony . In

2960-519: The Internet, which was previously difficult due to the impractically high bandwidth requirements of uncompressed video . The DCT algorithm was the basis for the first practical video coding standard that was useful for online videoconferencing, H.261 , standardised by the ITU-T in 1988, and subsequent H.26x video coding standards . In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995

3040-453: The United States created a circuit board for standard personal computers that doubled the video frame rate of typical digital videotelephone systems from 15 to 30 frames per second, and reduced the cost from $ 100,000 to $ 12,000. The company also secured a patent for a codec for full-motion videoconferencing, first demonstrated at AT&T Bell Labs in 1986. Very expensive videoconferencing systems continued to rapidly evolve throughout

3120-411: The ability to view and discuss issues with colleagues thousands of miles away. Traditional videoconferencing system manufacturers have begun providing mobile applications as well, such as those that allow for live and still image streaming. The highest ever video call (other than those from aircraft and spacecraft) took place on May 19, 2013, when British adventurer Daniel Hughes used a smartphone with

3200-423: The assembly is considering a partial report of the committee. Otherwise, it requires a majority vote with previous notice ; a two-thirds vote ; or a majority of the entire membership . Under The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure , the assembly that has referred a motion or a matter to a committee may, by a majority vote, withdraw it at any time from the committee, refer it to another committee, or decide

3280-407: The call sign of CJOL-TV. Channel still on the air as a full-time repeater of another station. Committee A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly or other form of organization. A committee may not itself be considered to be a form of assembly or a decision making body. Usually, an assembly or organization sends matters to

Ontario Parliament Network - Misplaced Pages Continue

3360-442: The case if they are in different parts of the country or the world. The chairman is responsible for running meetings. Duties include keeping the discussion on the appropriate subject, recognizing members to speak, and confirming what the committee has decided (through voting or by unanimous consent ). Using Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised (RONR), committees may follow informal procedures (such as not requiring motions if it

3440-481: The channel plays music in full-length albums and shows pictures in and around the building with scheduled sittings and events. This music includes jazz musicians like Oscar Peterson , Moe Koffman , Ed Bickert , Lorne Lofsky and Jim Galloway , and there are also classical, Latin, flamenco and British-style brass band albums. The classical performers include guitarists Liona Boyd and Norbert Kraft , cellist Ofra Harnoy , and trumpeter Johnny Cowell . Orchestras are

3520-403: The committee might include building a business case for the project, planning, providing assistance and guidance, monitoring the progress, controlling the project scope and resolving conflicts. As with other committees, the specific duties and role of the steering committee vary among organizations. A special committee (also working, select, or ad hoc committee) is established to accomplish

3600-407: The committee reports its recommendations back to the assembly, the referred motion may be removed from the committee's consideration by the motion to discharge a committee. In the United States House of Representatives , a motion to recommit can be made with or without instructions. If the motion is made without instructions, the bill or resolution is simply sent back to the committee. If the motion

3680-413: The committees are public ones subject to open meeting laws . Committees may meet on a regular basis, such as weekly or more often, or meetings may be called irregularly as the need arises. The frequency of the meetings depends on the work of the committee and the needs of the parent body. When the committee completes its work, it provides the results in a report to its parent body. The report may include

3760-470: The conferences, or conventions , that the organization puts together. These committees that are responsible for organizing such events may be called "conference committees". A standing committee is a subunit of a political or deliberative body established in a permanent fashion to aid the parent assembly in accomplishing its duties, for example by meeting on a specific, permanent policy domain (e.g. defence, health, or trade and industry). A standing committee

3840-413: The feed with the last speaker remains on the screen. Acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) is a processing algorithm that uses the knowledge of audio output to monitor audio input and filter from it noises that echo back after some time delay. If unattended, these echoes can be re-amplified several times, leading to problems including: Echo cancellation is a processor-intensive task that usually works over

3920-573: The first systems developed by AT&T Corporation , first researched in the 1950s, failed mostly due to the poor picture quality and the lack of efficient video compression techniques. During the first crewed space flights , NASA used two radio-frequency ( UHF or VHF ) video links, one in each direction. TV channels routinely use this type of videotelephony when reporting from distant locations. The news media were to become regular users of mobile links to satellites using specially equipped trucks, and much later via special satellite videophones in

4000-419: The governing documents of the organization give it. In some cases, it may be empowered to act on behalf of the board or organization, while in others, it may only be able to make recommendations. Governments at the national level may have a conference committee . A conference committee in a bicameral legislature is responsible for creating a compromise version of a particular bill when each house has passed

4080-473: The hardware and number of updates. Videotelephony can be categorized by its functionality and intended purpose, and also by its method of transmission. Videophones were the earliest form of videotelephony, dating back to initial tests in 1927 by AT&T. During the late 1930s, the post offices of several European governments established public videophone services for person-to-person communications using dual cable circuit telephone transmission technology. In

SECTION 50

#1732852125962

4160-473: The invention of the television . Such an antecedent usually consisted of two closed-circuit television systems connected via coax cable or radio . An example of that was the German Reich Postzentralamt (post office) videotelephone network serving Berlin and several German cities via coaxial cables between 1936 and 1940. The development of videotelephony as a subscription service started in

4240-421: The late 1990s allowed digital videophones to provide high-quality low-cost color service between users almost any place in the world. Applications of videotelephony include sign language transmission for deaf and speech-impaired people, distance education , telemedicine , and overcoming mobility issues . News media organizations have used videotelephony for broadcasting. The concept of videotelephony

4320-591: The late 20th century was limited to the H.323 protocol (notably Cisco's SCCP implementation was an exception), but newer videophones often use SIP , which is often easier to set up in home networking environments. It is a text-based protocol, incorporating many elements of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). H.323 is still used, but more commonly for business videoconferencing, while SIP

4400-493: The latter half of the 1920s in the United Kingdom and the United States, spurred notably by John Logie Baird and AT&T's Bell Labs . This occurred in part, at least with AT&T, to serve as an adjunct supplementing the use of the telephone. A number of organizations believed that videotelephony would be superior to plain voice communications. Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as

4480-579: The legislation in each chamber. Other countries that use conference committees include France, Germany, Japan, and Switzerland. In Canada, conference committees have been unused since 1947. In the European Union (EU) legislative process , a similar committee is called a ' Conciliation Committee ', which carries out the Trilogue negotiations in case the Council does not agree with a text amended and adopted by

4560-647: The market in 2006. As of the 2010s, high-definition resolution for videoconferencing became a popular feature, with most major suppliers in the videoconferencing market offering it. Technological developments by videoconferencing developers in the 2010s have extended the capabilities of videoconferencing systems beyond the boardroom for use with hand-held mobile devices that combine the use of video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities broadcasting in real time over secure networks, independent of location. Mobile collaboration systems now allow people in previously unreachable locations, such as workers on an offshore oil rig,

4640-434: The matter is to be referred, and if the committee is a special committee appointed specifically for purposes of the referred motion, it should also specify the number of committee members and the method of their selection, unless that is specified in the bylaws. Any proposed amendments to the main motion that are pending at the time the motion is referred to a committee go to the committee as well. Once referred, but before

4720-445: The membership in the committees may change. A nominating committee (or nominations committee) is a group formed for the purpose of nominating candidates for office or the board in an organization. It may consist of members from inside the organization. Sometimes a governance committee takes the role of a nominating committee. Depending on the organization, this committee may be empowered to actively seek out candidates or may only have

4800-461: The methods used, the facts uncovered, the conclusions reached, and any recommendations. If the committee is not ready to report, it may provide a partial report or the assembly may discharge the committee of the matter so that the assembly can handle it. Also, if members of the committee are not performing their duties, they may be removed or replaced by the appointing power. Whether the committee continues to exist after presenting its report depends on

4880-455: The orderly mechanism of rule changes. Examples of standing committees in organizations are; an audit committee, an elections committee, a finance committee, a fundraising committee, a governance committee, and a program committee. Typically, the standing committees perform their work throughout the year and present their reports at the annual meeting of the organization. These committees continue to exist after presenting their reports, although

SECTION 60

#1732852125962

4960-430: The parent committee and not to the general assembly. When the entire assembly meets as a committee to discuss or debate, this is called a " committee of the whole ". This is a procedural device most commonly used by legislative bodies to discuss an issue under the rules of a committee meeting rather than the more formal and rigid rules which would have to be followed to actually enact legislation. " Central Committee "

5040-556: The power to act independently unless the body that created it gives it such power. When a committee is formed in a formal situation, such as committees in legislatures or for corporate bodies with by-laws, a chairman (or "chair" or "chairperson") is designated for the committee. Sometimes a vice-chairman (or similar name) is also appointed. It is common for the committee chairman to organize its meetings. Sometimes these meetings are held through videoconferencing or other means if committee members are not able to attend in person, as may be

5120-484: The power to receive nominations from members and verify that the candidates are eligible. A nominating committee works similarly to an electoral college , the main difference being that the available candidates, either nominated or "written in" outside of the committee's choices, are then voted into office by the membership. It is a part of governance methods often employed by corporate bodies, business entities, and social and sporting groups, especially clubs. The intention

5200-405: The present day have migrated almost exclusively to digital ISDN and IP transmission modes due to the need to convey the very large amounts of data generated by their cameras and microphones. These systems are often intended for use in conference mode, that is by many people in several different locations, all of whom can be viewed by every participant at each location. Telepresence systems are

5280-418: The present day, standalone videophones and UMTS video-enabled mobile phones are usually used on a person-to-person basis. Videoconferencing saw its earliest use with AT&T's Picturephone service in the early 1970s. Transmissions were analog over short distances, but converted to digital forms for longer calls, again using telephone transmission technology. Popular corporate video-conferencing systems in

5360-575: The purpose of bestowing awards in the arts, or in application to industry's products and services. The objective being to update, set, and maintain high and possibly new standards. A steering committee is a committee that provides guidance, direction and control to a project within an organization. The term is derived from the steering mechanism that changes the steering angle of a vehicle's wheels. Project steering committees are frequently used for guiding and monitoring IT projects in large organizations, as part of project governance . The functions of

5440-449: The question itself. Organizations with a large board of directors (such as international labor unions, large corporations with thousands of stockholders or national and international organizations) may have a smaller body of the board, called an executive committee , to handle its business. The executive committee may function more like a board than an actual committee. In any case, an executive committee can only be established through

5520-476: The release of the VP-210 Visual Phone, the first mobile colour videophone that also doubled as a camera phone for still photos. The camera phone was the same size as similar contemporary mobile phones , but sported a large camera lens and a 5 cm (2 inch) colour TFT display capable of displaying 65,000 colors, and was able to process two video frames per second. Videotelephony was popularized in

5600-597: The same room. The concept of videotelephony was conceived in the late 19th century, and versions were available to the public starting in the 1930s. Early demonstrations were installed at booths in post offices and shown at various world expositions. In 1970, AT&T launched the first commercial personal videotelephone system. In addition to videophones, there existed image phones which exchanged still images between units every few seconds over conventional telephone lines . The development of advanced video codecs , more powerful CPUs , and high-bandwidth Internet service in

5680-505: The same time, usually with the exception that the viewer either does not see their own feed, or sees their own feed in miniature. Voice-Activated Switch selectively chooses a feed to display at each endpoint, with the goal of showing the person who is currently speaking. This is done by choosing the feed (other than the viewer) which has the loudest audio input (perhaps with some filtering to avoid switching for very short-lived volume spikes). Often, if no remote parties are currently speaking,

5760-400: The screen and camera in essentially the same place. In developed countries, the near-ubiquity of smartphones , tablet computers , and computers with built-in audio and webcams removes the need for expensive dedicated hardware. The core technology used in a videotelephony system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression

5840-622: The service aired the first-ever television broadcast of a First Nations pow-wow . In April 2012, TVOntario announced that it would be decommissioning all of its remaining analog transmitters and associated towers by October 2013 including towers that it owns, which would impact the Ontario Parliament Network, as it shares towers with TVOntario. As of December 2012, the Ontario Parliament Network only has 10 remaining over-the-air transmitters, according to Industry Canada's TV spectrum database. Previously, there had been 32 transmitters with

5920-476: The systems has its own advantages and disadvantages, including video quality , capital cost , degrees of sophistication, transmission capacity requirements, and cost of use . From the least to the most expensive systems: Computer security experts have shown that poorly configured or inadequately supervised videoconferencing systems can permit an easy virtual entry by computer hackers and criminals into company premises and corporate boardrooms. For over

6000-455: The systems internally, where there is less risk of loss of customers. An alternative for those lacking dedicated facilities is the rental of videoconferencing-equipped meeting rooms in cities around the world. Clients can book rooms and turn up for the meeting, with all technical aspects being prearranged and support being readily available if needed. The issue of eye contact may be solved with advancing technology, including smartphones which have

6080-597: The time were promoting a jointly developed desktop based videoconferencing product known as the PCS/1. Over the next 15 years, Project DIANE (Diversified Information and Assistance Network) grew to use a variety of videoconferencing platforms to create a multi-state cooperative public service and distance education network consisting of several hundred schools, libraries, science museums, zoos and parks, and many other community-oriented organizations. Advances in video compression allowed digital video streams to be transmitted over

6160-405: The type of committee. Generally, committees established by the bylaws or the organization's rules continue to exist, while committees formed for a particular purpose go out of existence after the final report. In parliamentary procedure , the motion to commit (or refer ) is used to refer another motion—usually a main motion—to a committee. A motion to commit should specify to which committee

6240-589: The upper echelons of government, business, and commerce, telepresence technology , an advanced form of videoconferencing, has helped reduce the need to travel. In May 2005, the first high definition videoconferencing systems, produced by Lifesize , were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas , Nevada , able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution . Polycom introduced its first high definition videoconferencing system to

6320-405: The whole" or "quasi committee of the whole". In Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised , the motion to discharge a committee is used to take a matter out of a committee's hands before the committee has made a final report on it. A committee can use this motion to discharge a subcommittee. The vote required is a majority vote , if the committee has failed to report at the prescribed time or if

6400-504: Was first conceived in the late 1870s, both in the United States and in Europe, although the basic sciences to permit its very earliest trials would take nearly a half century to be discovered. The prerequisite knowledge arose from intensive research and experimentation in several telecommunication fields, notably electrical telegraphy , telephony , radio , and television . Simple analog videophone communication could be established as early as

#961038