77-572: Official Opposition [REDACTED] Canada portal The Government of Ontario ( French : Gouvernement de l'Ontario ) is the body responsible for the administration of the Canadian province of Ontario . The term Government of Ontario refers specifically to the executive—political ministers of the Crown (the Cabinet/Executive Council), appointed on the advice of the premier, and
154-489: A member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) and lead the largest party or a coalition in the assembly. Once sworn in, the premier holds office until their resignation or is removed by the lieutenant governor after either a motion of no confidence or defeat in a general election . The premier does not have to be serving in Provincial Parliament to be selected as premier. In practice, this is highly unlikely to occur in
231-565: A member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. As first minister , the premier selects ministers to form the Executive Council (provincial cabinet), and serves as its chair. Constitutionally, the Crown exercises executive power on the advice of the Executive Council, which is collectively responsible to the legislature. Doug Ford is
308-512: A shadow cabinet , with the leader of the Official Opposition at its head, of members of Parliament (MPs) and senators who often have the same portfolio areas of interest as actual ministers . The spokesperson for each portfolio is known as an opposition critic. In the event the government loses the confidence of the House or the Official Opposition party wins a general election, the party
385-643: A 1999 paper suggests anything representing policy reversal, large new policy, inter-departmental effects, politically sensitive or involving substantial financial expenditure will be brought to cabinet. The premier exercises power of political decision making through use of the Cabinet Office and the Office of the Premier. The Cabinet Office provides policy analysis and oversight over the Ontario Public Service, and
462-446: A change in regulation, responding to a crisis, and allocation of scarce resources such as money, time or political capital. The premier also plays an important part in determination of regulation. Regulations are passed via order-in-council , which are how the government exercises many powers delegated to them under laws passed by the legislature. Orders-in-council are public once signed by the lieutenant governor, but are only signed by
539-504: A communications strategy of news-style direct-to-voter communications via social media. The premier sets the tone for communications through all of government, with a leader typically attempting to cultivate a "brand", to varying levels of success. The premier also makes decisions on the legislative agenda in coordination with their cabinet, deciding how to use limited time in the legislative assembly to pass desired legislation, which can have long-lasting effects even after their government
616-530: A constitutional system which does not give them a full veto over constitutional change. As first minister, the premier also acts as Ontario's representative to the First Ministers' conferences and Council of the Federation , meeting with other Canadian first ministers to discuss issues where inter-provincial co-operation may be required or beneficial. The premier through cabinet or through consultation with
693-445: A continuous role since 1914, when there was a one-week vacancy in the office between James Whitney and William Howard Hearst . In modern times, the premier serves until their successor is sworn in. There are no term limits on the role of premier, the premier may continue serving as long as they retain the confidence of the legislature. Deputy premiers may be selected by the premier and often concurrently hold other senior roles within
770-450: A large role in passing any constitutional amendment . Canada's constitution has an amending formula where most changes require seven provinces representing 50 per cent of Canada's population, and most other amendments require approval by all provinces. As a result of its high population, Ontario has an effective veto on any constitutional change unless Quebec supports it, which is highly unlikely due to Quebec's historical refusal to legitimize
847-448: A majority-government situation, while it can occur in a minority-government situation if the government had been struck down by its previous partners. The government exists independently of the legislature. While the legislature may be dissolved for an election, the executive council continues serving under the caretaker convention , where government ceases to make major policy decisions except in response to disaster. The premier has been
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#1732844865419924-405: A member of cabinet, the premier is subject to the constitutional norm of individual ministerial responsibility , and is therefore expected to either be a Member of Provincial Parliament, or to quickly seek election to a seat in the legislature so that they may answer questions from the legislature in debate and question period . The premier is appointed by the lieutenant governor , who represents
1001-416: A minister has serious issues with the direction of a government or premier, they must either accept the decision without public criticism of the premier or resign. This custom gives cabinet ministers little ability to exercise power or make decisions contrary to the will of the premier if the premier has made their position known within cabinet. While smaller decisions may often be made by individual ministers,
1078-411: A minority. This decision can be controversial in a minority government, and if a short time has passed since a recent election, and the lieutenant governor believes another leader can command confidence in parliament, they may refuse the advice of the premier, dismiss the premier, and invite the other leader to become the next premier. A gracious premier who has lost an election can also provide advice to
1155-538: A more integrated role on whether premiers will accept the conditions attached to those dollars. Such an issue was pertinent in 2021, where Ontario is the sole province not to sign on to a vastly expanded federal financial commitment under its childcare accords. The premier, as well as other ministers, can hold multiple portfolios. The premier typically also holds the portfolio for intergovernmental affairs , though exceptions may exist, with Dalton McGuinty having three ministers who served at different times when he himself
1232-596: A number of committees: The Office of the Premier is the partisan centre of government, providing political analysis, communications strategy, issues management, media monitoring and other functions for the benefit of the Premier. The office is headed by the Chief of Staff to the Premier, and will typically also have senior advisors, stakeholder relations specialists, issues management staff, policy advisors, logistical and operations staff for travel, media specialists, legislative affairs staff, and public appointments staff. The size of
1309-599: A part of the government themselves. BPS organizations are also subject to legislation and directives. Public servants who are paid $ 100,000 or more are subject to the Public Sector Salary Disclosure Act. This list is colloquially known as the sunshine list . Official Opposition (Canada) His Majesty's Loyal Opposition ( French : loyale Opposition de Sa Majesté ), or simply the Official Opposition (French: Opposition officielle ),
1386-528: A politically successful manner. The premier also has large amounts of discretion over the creation, composition and dissolution of cabinet committees, except the Treasury Board , which has its existence and size established by statute. A premier is at the centre of political decision making in Ontario. Cabinet collective responsibility (otherwise known as cabinet solidarity) is a concept that outlines that if
1463-497: A short time during the great recession of 2008 . These instances are still an exception and not the rule. Since Frost's short time in his ministry, no other premier has taken on a ministerial role except for that of intergovernmental affairs. Prior to Frost, relatively few ministers took on cabinet roles, with the informality of the cabinet structure likely permitting more informal involvement in areas of interest. A notable exception seems to be premier George Stewart Henry , who took on
1540-789: Is Doug Ford of the Progressive Conservatives since the 2018 election ; the 26th since Confederation . The Government of Ontario employs 63,000+ public servants in its non-partisan workforce called the Ontario Public Service (OPS). The OPS helps the government design and deliver policies and programs. The head of the OPS is the Secretary of Cabinet and each ministry in the OPS has a Deputy Minister. The OPS public servants work in areas like administration, communications, data analytics, finance, information technology, law, policy, program development, service delivery, science and research. Over 80% of
1617-649: Is also the King in Right of Ontario. As a Commonwealth realm, the Canadian monarch is shared with 14 other independent countries within the Commonwealth of Nations . Within Canada, the monarch exercises power individually on behalf of the federal government , and the 10 provinces. The powers of the Crown are vested in the monarch and are exercised by the lieutenant governor. The advice of
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#17328448654191694-516: Is not defined by statute, except by reference to higher entitlement to pay under the Executive Council Act . Similarly to the federal system, the existence of a first minister is instead considered a constitutional convention . The role is a pivotal one under the Canadian system of responsible government , where government is expected to be led by someone who has the confidence of the legislature. The premier and government are accountable to
1771-551: Is not unilaterally able to pass legislation in the same way they can unilaterally pass orders-in-Council, and requires other parties to support the government's legislative agenda. The premier also has a major role to play in declaring certain votes in provincial parliament as "votes of confidence", votes that will lead to the premier asking the lieutenant governor for an election if the vote fails, forcing opposition leaders to consider whether they are ready for an election. Budgets, and other funding bills are always confidence votes as are
1848-403: Is out of power. This will happen in coordination with the government house leader , who conducts inter-party negotiations if needed and manages scheduling and the government whip , who ensures compliance and attendance by members of the government's party when votes come up. This process is especially tenuous in a minority parliament (also known as a minority government), in which the government
1925-534: Is ready to become the government. The current Official Opposition is the caucus of the Conservative Party , assuming the role following the 2015 federal election . The Opposition is led by Pierre Poilievre , who became Conservative leader following the 2022 leadership election . The formal title of "Official Opposition" is used in the Standing Orders of the House of Commons . The Official Opposition
2002-488: Is sometimes also referred to as the Loyal Opposition to express the idea that, although the group may be against the sitting government, it remains loyal to the Crown (the embodiment of the Canadian state) and thus to Canada. Former leader of the Official Opposition, Michael Ignatieff , explains: "The opposition performs an adversarial function critical to democracy itself… Governments have no right to question
2079-498: Is usually the second-largest party (or group of parties) in the House of Commons . Typically, it is the largest party of the parliamentary opposition , which is composed of members of Parliament (MPs) who are not in government. The Official Opposition is viewed as the caucus tasked with keeping the government in check. It is also generally viewed as the alternative government or "government in waiting". The Official Opposition maintains
2156-423: The Executive Council Act does not carry any restrictions on who can serve as a minister. The premier is constrained by certain democratic norms and constitutional conventions . For example, it expected due to individual ministerial responsibility that each minister shall be an MPP, or shall swiftly seek a seat in the legislature by participating in a by-election . It is expected that ministers are residents of
2233-682: The Liberals won every seat in the 51st New Brunswick Legislative Assembly . To ensure the proper functioning of the parliamentary system, Premier Frank McKenna named several members of his own caucus, led by Camille Thériault , to serve as the Official Opposition. The government also allowed the Progressive Conservative Party , which finished second place in the election in the number of votes received, to submit written questions to ministers during Question Period. The Official Opposition party has advantages over other opposition parties in
2310-516: The Northwest Territories do not have Official Opposition in their respective legislatures. Premier of Ontario The premier of Ontario ( French : premier ministre de l'Ontario ) is the head of government of Ontario . Under the Westminster system , the premier governs with the confidence of a majority the elected Legislative Assembly ; as such, the premier typically sits as
2387-611: The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party had the largest caucus but were relegated to official opposition not long after the 1985 election, as their minority government was defeated on a motion of non-confidence. The Ontario Liberal Party , the second largest party, governed from 1985 to 1987 with supply provided by the Ontario New Democratic Party . In 1993, the Reform Party challenged whether
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2464-518: The Quebec sovereigntist Bloc Québécois could hold the position of official opposition. The Speaker ruled in favour of the Bloc, as they held two more seats than Reform. During the Bloc's time as the official opposition, Quebec issues on national unity dominated Question Period, often to the irritation of the other opposition parties (indeed, Reform was the only other caucus that met official party status , with
2541-451: The non-partisan Ontario Public Service (whom the Executive Council directs), who staff ministries and agencies to deliver government policies, programs, and services—which corporately brands itself as the Government of Ontario , or more formally, His Majesty's Government of Ontario ( French : Gouvernement de l’Ontario de Sa Majesté ). King Charles III , as monarch of Canada
2618-470: The non-partisan Ontario Public Service and directed by the elected government. The premier of Ontario is the first minister of the Crown . The premier acts as the head of government for the province, chairs and selects the membership of the Cabinet , and advises the Crown on the exercise of executive power and much of the royal prerogative . As premiers hold office by virtue of their ability to command
2695-422: The royal prerogative and granting royal assent . While the advice of the premier and Executive Council is typically binding on the lieutenant governor, there are occasions when the lieutenant governor has refused advice. This usually occurs if the premier does not clearly command the confidence of the elected Legislative Assembly. The executive power is vested in the Crown and exercised "in-Council", meaning on
2772-486: The 26th and current premier of Ontario. He took office on June 29, 2018, following the 2018 Ontario election where his Progressive Conservative (PC) party won a majority of seats in the Ontario Legislature . The position of Ontario premier evolved from the role of Joint Premier of Canada for Canada West, with John Sandfield Macdonald , the second-last joint premier of Canada becoming the first prime minister of
2849-685: The 40-60 age range was Mitchell Hepburn , who was 38 when he became premier in 1934. Geographically, the premier has been an MPP from Toronto , the Greater Toronto Area , or Ottawa since 2003. Generally however, premiers have come from communities throughout Ontario, including Eastern Ontario , the Lake Huron and Lake Erie coasts, the Greater Toronto Hamilton Area , and some ridings outside of southern Ontario, such as Nipissing and Sault Ste. Marie. The role of premier
2926-469: The Executive Council. Most premiers cease to be premier while still in their working life. As a result, premiers have many options for what to do after. In some circumstances, they may stay on as an MPP if they won their seat but no longer had the confidence of the legislative assembly. Kathleen Wynne served one full parliamentary term after her premiership. Many others turn to consulting work, work on corporate or NGO boards, or in academia. Another option
3003-506: The House. They are assigned to speak first after the government, and receive more time in question period than other opposition parties. It also gets more office space, funding for research, and a larger staff than other parties. The leader of the Opposition has an official residence in Ottawa known as Stornoway and the salary and similar privileges to those of a cabinet minister. Additionally,
3080-592: The MPP salary, 37% for their role as Premier and the remaining 42.3% if they retain the portfolio of Intergovernmental Affairs. This leads to a total of approximately $ 209,000. Under the Legislative Assembly Act, the Premier would also be permitted to draw benefits with regard to car travel in Toronto, travel to and from home, and compensation for an apartment in Toronto if they do not already reside within 50 kilometers of
3157-564: The NDP and PC parties falling short of that threshold). However, Reform was considered to be main opposition to the Liberals on all other issues that were not specific to Quebec. In 1995, when Bloc leader Lucien Bouchard 's position as Opposition Leader granted him a meeting with the visiting American president , Bill Clinton , Reform leader Preston Manning was also given a meeting with Clinton in order to diffuse Bouchard's separatist leverage. In 1987,
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3234-598: The OPS workforce is unionized, which includes the Ontario Public Service Employees Union and the Association of Management, Administrative and Professional Crown Employees of Ontario . The Government of Ontario is not the same as Broader Public Sector ( BPS ) organizations. While both provide goods and services to Ontarians, BPS organizations receive funding from the Government of Ontario, but are not
3311-546: The Official Opposition. As a result of the 1925 election , the Official Opposition was actually the largest party in the House of Commons, the Conservatives. The Liberals, led by Mackenzie King, were able to form a minority government despite the fact that they had a dozen fewer seats than the Conservatives because King's Liberals were able to win the support of the Progressives to remain in government. Similarly, in Ontario,
3388-685: The Senate is not necessarily the same party as in the House of Commons. From 1993 to 2003, the Official Opposition in the Senate was the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , even though the Bloc Québécois was the Official Opposition in the House from 1993 to 1997, followed by the Reform Party of Canada , and then the Canadian Alliance from 1997 to 2003. This is because the BQ, and Reform Party had no Senators. However, when Senator Gerry St. Germain crossed
3465-472: The address in reply to speech from the throne that happen at the beginning of each parliamentary session. On supply days , where the opposition controls the schedule, the opposition can introduce a confidence motion. However, importantly, the premier can cause any vote to be a confidence vote by declaring it so. A final function of the premier is to give advice to the lieutenant governor. While advice often refers to regulation, appointments and spending, which
3542-556: The advice of the Executive Council; conventionally, this is the Cabinet, which is chaired by the premier and comprises ministers of the Crown . The term Government of Ontario , or more formally, His Majesty's Government refers to the activities of the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council . The day-to-day operation and activities of the Government of Ontario are performed by the provincial departments and agencies, staffed by
3619-413: The attorney general is finally likely to approve any intergovernmental lawsuits of the Government of Ontario against the federal government. For example, the Ontario government recently was involved in a court case regarding the constitutionality of the carbon pricing regime. The role of federalism has also evolved, with areas of provincial responsibility now having federal dollars backing them, leading to
3696-450: The cabinet. However, the role of deputy premier holds no specific formal power, and does not automatically receive any powers in the case of absence or death of a premier. The premier plays multiple functions in the Ontario political system, mirroring most conventions of the federal level of Canadian government. The premier has a near absolute power to determine the structure of the cabinet , to choose ministers, and to dismiss them at will,
3773-446: The centre of government. This typically follows heavy preparatory work on the part of minister's offices and staff, as well as civil service policy analysts. This is the ultimate representation of the challenge function , where political leaders are meant to provide direction, input, and political scrutiny on professional civil service advice. Decisions made at the cabinet table may include to proceed with legislative changes, establishing
3850-408: The city. The Premier, like other MPPs, is not entitled to any pension based on their service. The premier, as a member of the Executive Council, is entitled to use the title "The Honourable" while in office, but is not sworn into the King's Privy Council for Canada, and therefore unlike federal cabinet ministers, provincial premiers are not entitled to use that honorific after they cease to serve on
3927-619: The confidence of the elected Legislative Assembly , they typically sit as a MPP and lead the largest party or a coalition in the Assembly. Once sworn in, the premier holds office until their resignation or removal by the lieutenant governor after either a motion of no confidence or defeat in a general election . In Canada, the Cabinet (French: Conseil des ministres , lit. 'council of ministers') of provincial and territorial governments are known as an Executive Council ( French : Conseil exécutif ). The premier of Ontario
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#17328448654194004-587: The contemporarily important role of Minister of Highways , and also served a short time as Minister of Finance. The Cabinet Office is the ministry that directly supports the premier, serving the same function provincially as the Privy Council Office does federally. The Cabinet Office plays a coordination role, attempting to harmonize procedures between ministries where possible, as well as monitoring key performance indicators and departmental plans. The Cabinet Office also includes administrative support for
4081-562: The federal and provincial first ministers being styled the same way. Official Opposition [REDACTED] Canada portal Ontario political trends have been noted as running opposite to the trends of the federal government, with the premier and the prime minister usually coming from different types of parties. For example, in the 21st century, the federal and provincial liberal parties were only jointly in power from 2003 to 2005 and 2015 to 2018, or approximately 5 years out of 21 years cumulatively, and there
4158-542: The federal government into an expansion of the Canada Pension Plan . These actions can also be ineffective. Premier Doug Ford refused to participate in the carbon price regime of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau , but refusal to participate did not lead to any changes in the program. In cases of changing the Canadian constitution, the premier's influence over the provincial legislature's priorities and schedule would play
4235-418: The federal level with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau taking on the federal cabinet position of Minister of Youth. In Ontario, examples of taking more junior files include Kathleen Wynne serving concurrently as Premier and Minister of Agriculture and Food for one year. Dalton McGuinty took on the role of Minister of Research and Innovation for two years, and as Minister of Economic Development for
4312-558: The floor from the Progressive Conservatives to the Canadian Alliance in 2000, he argued that he should be recognized as the leader of the Opposition in the Senate as the Canadian Alliance formed the Official Opposition in the House of Commons. The speaker of the Senate of Canada ruled against him, however, as the Progressive Conservatives were the larger opposition party. Due to consensus government , Nunavut and
4389-453: The government party in the Senate. It is customary, however, for the Senate to pass legislation approved in the House of Commons even if the government has a minority in the Senate. Although the Senate nominally has the power to block most legislation (excepting bills which would trigger a non-confidence motion if defeated in the House, such as money bills), this power is rarely exercised in practice. The party that forms Official Opposition in
4466-568: The head of state. The premier then presides over the Executive Council , or cabinet . The Executive Council Act stipulates that the leader of the government party is known as the "Premier and President of the Council". Due to Ontario being a unicameral Westminster-style parliamentary government , the premier is typically the leader of the party which has the most support in the Legislative Assembly at that time. Members are first elected to
4543-477: The leader and other shadow cabinet members have the privilege of meeting with visiting foreign dignitaries, which is not always granted to members of smaller parties. There is also an Official Opposition in the Senate of Canada . This is the largest party in the Senate that is not in government. As the governing party is determined in the House of Commons, the Official Opposition in the Senate may actually be larger than
4620-429: The legislature during general elections . General elections must be conducted every four years from the date of the last election. An election may also happen if the governing party loses the confidence of the legislature, by the defeat of a supply bill or tabling of a confidence motion. Premiers hold office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected Legislative Assembly . They typically sit as
4697-461: The legislature. The premier and executive council can exercise authority given to it by the laws created by the legislature. The flow of authority from the legislature to the executive creates the expectation that the government's actions must obey the law . The premier is expected to answer for their actions or inactions to the legislature through the responsible government concept of fused branches of government, including through question period . As
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#17328448654194774-420: The lieutenant governor may refuse this advice, but in general, there is great latitude given to prime ministers in requesting prorogation. The premier can advise the lieutenant governor to call an early election , an election before the required date, a move that can help a popular governing party win an election while their popularity is high, or attempt to win a majority parliament when they currently only hold
4851-489: The lieutenant governor on the advice of the premier, which has traditionally meant being passed at cabinet. In the cases of appointments, the premier and their office can have heavy involvement in the selection of a certain subset of appointments, though reforms have led to an increased level of formality through the Public Appointment Secretariat, which in some cases provides recommendations for appointments to
4928-445: The lieutenant governor that another leader be selected as the next premier, advising that they, the current premier, cannot command confidence in the commons, instead of waiting to fail a confidence vote. The premier plays some role in Canadian federalism , with the power to comment about federal politics or respond to federal politics, as then-Premier Kathleen Wynne did in proposing an Ontario Retirement Pension Plan , which pushed
5005-449: The lieutenant governor would never refuse, there are cases in which the lieutenant governor retains reserve powers and has some discretion in matters. The premier can advise that the lieutenant governor prorogue provincial parliament, which can be a controversial way to avoid a confidence vote or parliamentary investigation in a minority parliament, and try to reset their image after a lower profile break. In extraordinary circumstances,
5082-557: The loyalty of those who oppose them. Adversaries remain citizens of the same state, common subjects of the same sovereign, servants of the same law." After the 1921 election , the Progressive Party , a looseknit largely agrarian "protest" party, won the second largest number of seats to William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberals, but declined to be the Official Opposition because of their lack of national organization. The third-place Conservative Party, led by Arthur Meighen , thus became
5159-455: The ministry as a serious priority. While Leslie Frost served for a short time as the minister for the Department of Economics (functionally Minister of Finance ), a premier is unlikely to take on a more senior challenging portfolio such as finance, health or education due to their complexity and time demands. Smaller or less complex ministries are more likely to be seen, such as could be seen on
5236-406: The office Office of the Premier is responsible for political analysis, coordination with ministers' offices, and communications strategy. Large political decisions are usually made with proposals and discussions at a cabinet committee or cabinet level, where frank discussions on inter-departmental effects or political considerations can take in a structured way in a highly confidential environment at
5313-418: The office is typically something the premier has wide latitude to determine and place in the provincial budget, as staff are not part of the public service, and are instead hired as partisans, and do work that is partisan in nature. Total spending in the portfolio is approximately $ 3 million per year and typically encompasses about 75 staff. The office is also the cost centre for a parliamentary assistant to
5390-507: The premier and Executive Council is typically binding; the Constitution Act, 1867 requires executive power to be exercised only "by and with the Advice of the Executive Council". The lieutenant governor is appointed by the governor general , on the advice of the prime minister of Canada . Thus, it is typically the lieutenant governor whom the premier and ministers advise, exercising much of
5467-623: The premier or the minister for ministerial-level appointments. The premier is ultimately the face of their party in the province, and continues to play a role in partisan politics. The premier is also bound by individual ministerial responsibility, and is expected to present themselves to question period on an at least occasional basis. They may try to shape media framing of government priorities, do damage control on government controversies, or draw contrasts with leaders of opposition parties. The communications role has more recently expanded to encompass social media, with Premier Doug Ford launching
5544-477: The premier, if the premier chooses to have one. The hiring and firing decisions within this office are generally at the discretion of the Premier, unlike the civil service. The salary of the premier is determined by their pay as an MPP, if they hold a seat in the legislature, which is governed by the Legislative Assembly Act . In addition, the Executive Council Act establishes a premium of 79.3% above
5621-464: The province of Ontario, a position that later was renamed to "Premier". J.S. Macdonald was in office from 1867 to 1871. He was elected from the provincial riding of Cornwall in the first general election of 1867 for the new province of Ontario. In addition to serving as the premier, he was also the provincial attorney general . The longest-serving premier in Ontario history was Oliver Mowat , in office from 1872 to 1896. The position of premier
5698-453: The province. It is also expected that there be some level of diversity within the cabinet, on a geographic basis as much as the number of MPPs in the governing party permits. A premier will generally select ministers based on many factors including diversity, rewarding past or expected loyalty, satisfying factions within their party, creating a narrative or symbolism about choices, and primarily by who they expect can competently make decisions in
5775-499: Was formerly written as " Prime Minister of Ontario " until the government of Bill Davis formally changed the title to premier. However, in French as the prime minister–premier distinction does not exist, the premier is still referred to as premier ministre (masculine) or première ministre (feminine). This directly translates to 'first minister' or 'prime minister' in English, with both
5852-405: Was no overlap between federal and provincial conservative parties. This trend has held strongly since approximately 1950, despite Ontario being the largest province in Canada. Most premiers have taken office between the ages of 40 and 60. With the exception of Thomas Laird Kennedy , who was 70 when he served less than a year as an interim party leader, the last premier to become premier outside of
5929-493: Was not, and premiers Mike Harris and Ernie Eves , who never elected to hold the roles during their tenure. Even while another person may hold that ministerial title, the premier is still likely to serve a major intergovernmental affairs role through their presence at first ministers conferences. This role typically has a mostly domestic role, but can also play an international one. Premiers may also choose to hold another ministry title, whether for symbolic reasons or for treating
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