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33-717: The plant was established on August 29, 1703. The first tractor, tracked skidder the TDT-40 model, was manufactured on 1956. The Onega Tractor Plant ( OTZ ) is a company in Russia that manufactures and markets a range of forestry vehicles and machinery such as forwarders and harvesters. The company produces tracked all-terrain vehicles with amphibious, tractors tracked and skidders , forwarders , harvesters . [REDACTED] Media related to Onezhsky Tractor Plant at Wikimedia Commons (in Russian) This industry -related article

66-472: A diesel engine , winch and steel , funnel-shaped guards on the rear to protect their wheels. They have articulated steering and usually a small, adjustable, push-blade on the front. The operator/ logger is protected from falling or flying debris (or parted cables, or rolling over) by a steel enclosure. They are one of the few logging machines that is capable of thinning or selective logging in larger timber. Forwarders can haul small short pieces out, however

99-410: A hook. Snatch blocks may be used to change direction or increase the pulling power and a variety of specialized hooks may be attached to the main hook, including hooks which attach to specific parts of the car. J-hooks, which look somewhat like blunt meat hooks are used to hook around axles. Mini-J hooks can be used if there is a tow loop provided, and R and T hooks are designed to hook into slots cut by

132-468: A hydraulic grapple either on boom ( grapple skidder ) or on the back of the frame (clambunk skidder) . Early skidders were pulled by a team of oxen , horses or mules . The driver would straddle the cart over felled logs, where dangling tongs would be positioned to raise the end of the log off the ground. The team pulled the tongue forward, allowing the log to "skid" along between the rolling wheels. These were known as "slip-tongue wheels" Starting in

165-447: A landing area to fallen timber. Clambunk skidders Clambunk skidders are more of a middle ground between skidder and a forwarder . They have large free swiveling hydraulic jaws positioned on the back of the chassis that clamp the logs. They usually don't have self-loading capability and require feller buncher or other machine with loader arm. [REDACTED] Media related to Skidders at Wikimedia Commons Winch A winch

198-539: A line on a sailboat , the crew member turns the winch handle with one hand, while tailing (pulling on the loose tail end) with the other to maintain tension on the turns. Some winches have a "stripper" or cleat to maintain tension. These are known as "self-tailing" winches. The earliest literary reference to a winch can be found in the account of Herodotus of Halicarnassus on the Persian Wars ( Histories 7.36), where he describes how wooden winches were used to tighten

231-442: A skidder is one of the few options for taking out some trees while leaving others when thinning mature lumber. The skidder can also be used for pulling tree stumps, pushing over small trees, and preliminary grading of a logging path known as a " skid road ". While wood is being yarded (pulled) by the skidder, tree particles and seeds are cultivated into the soil. Skidder logging can be disadvantageous in thinning operations due to

264-413: A synthetic fibre cable, attached at the other end to the glider. The cable is released at a height of about 400 to 700 m (1,300 to 2,300 ft) after a short, steep climb. Search and Rescue helicopters are often equipped with winches to avoid having to get the helicopter dangerously close to obstacles, or into ocean troughs, allowing rescue teams to be lowered and evacuees to be extricated while

297-451: A transmission. Lever winches are winches that use self-gripping jaws instead of spools to move rope or wire through the winch. Powered by moving a handle back and forth, they allow one person to move objects several tons in weight. This is a vertical spool with a ratchet mechanism similar to a conventional winch, but with no crank handle or other form of drive. The line is wrapped around the spool and can be tightened or reeled in by pulling

330-483: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Russian corporation or company article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Skidder A skidder is any type of heavy vehicle used in a logging operation for pulling cut trees out of a forest in a process called "skidding", in which the logs are transported from the cutting site to a landing. There they are loaded onto trucks (or in times past, railroad cars or flumes ), and sent to

363-531: Is a mechanical device that is used to pull in (wind up) or let out (wind out) or otherwise adjust the tension of a rope or wire rope (also called "cable" or "wire cable"). In its simplest form, it consists of a spool (or drum) attached to a hand crank . Traditionally, winches on ships accumulated wire or rope on the drum; those that do not accumulate, and instead pass on the wire/rope (see yacht photo above), are called capstans . Despite this, sailboat capstans are most often referred to as winches. Winches are

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396-414: Is made of steel , including the spoked wheels On a cable skidder, the cable is reeled out and attached to a pull of cut timber, then the winch pulls the load toward the skidder. The winch or grapple holds the trees while the skidder drags them to a landing area. Cable skidders are more labor-intensive than grapple skidders because someone (the operator or a second person) must drag the winch line out to

429-430: Is referred to as a "hidden winch" as the hook and fairlead hides behind a flip-up front number plate, the winch itself is not visible. The snubbing winch is used to pull vehicles out of mud, snow, sand, rocks, and water, and to pull vehicles through or over obstacles. The winch is made of cable made up of a braided synthetic rope, or a steel cable wrapped around a motorized drum. Each is controlled electronically, allowing

462-555: The Kite balloons used during the First World War for artillery spotting are usually tethered with a winch, which can be used to lower the balloon, either to relocate it, or to bring it down quickly to prevent it being shot down by enemy aircraft. Larger man carrying kites often used winches to raise and lower them. Towed gunnery targets, used to train anti-aircraft gunners , and both fighter pilots and aircraft gunners, are run out behind

495-408: The fishing nets . The main feature that legally distinguishes a tow truck from a conventional truck in many jurisdictions is the presence of a winch, which is used to either extract disabled or immobilized vehicles, or to load them onto flatbed/tilt and load type tow trucks. These may be electrically or hydraulically powered from a power take-off , and is wound with a wire cable and equipped with

528-567: The steam donkeys , were relatively simple but other mechanical skidders were more complex. The largest of these mechanical skidders was the Lidgerwood skidder, which not only brought logs to the landing from the cutting site, but loaded them onto railroad cars as well, making it both a skidder and loader. One popular brand was the Clyde Skidder, built by Clyde Ironworks in Duluth, Minnesota . The Clyde

561-407: The basis of such machines as tow trucks , steam shovels and elevators . More complex designs have gear assemblies and can be powered by electric, hydraulic , pneumatic or internal combustion drives. It might include a solenoid brake and/or a mechanical brake or ratchet and pawl which prevents it unwinding unless the pawl is retracted. The rope may be stored on the winch. When trimming

594-416: The boarder in at a speed ranging from 25 to 40 kilometres per hour (16 to 25 mph). The winch may be mounted to a vehicle, set into the ground by stakes, or tied to a tree. The cable may also be run through pulleys mounted offshore so that it pulls the person away from where the winch is located, and multiple pulleys may be used to multiply the force applied by a small but high revving motor instead of using

627-523: The boom to lower in one position. Dual-function booms (as pictured) have four cylinders, which allows for adjusting the boom in two different places. The third type permits the grapple boom to be swung from side to side, allowing spread out trees to be grabbed at once. In some areas, loggers have combined a hydraulic claw on the side with the blade of their grapple skidders, making it possible to pile logs in some cases. More common on cable skidders, this also permits hauling back bark and tops when returning from

660-747: The cables for a pontoon bridge across the Hellespont in 480 BCE. Winches may have been employed even earlier in Assyria . By the 4th century BCE, winch and pulley hoists were regarded by Aristotle as common for architectural use ( Mech . 18; 853b10-13). The yacht Reliance , American defender of the 1903 America's Cup , was the first racing boat to be fitted with modern winches below decks. The Reliance's competitors relied on muscle power using topside mounted capstans and windlasses , which would soon be replaced in most applications by winches, including on fishing boats , where they are used to bring in

693-411: The crawler's winch. Another piece similar to the arch was the "bummer", which was simply a small trailer to be towed behind a crawler, on top of which one end of the log load would rest. The early mechanical skidders were steam powered. They traveled on railroads, known as "dummylines" and the felled trees were dragged or "skidded" to the railroad where they were later loaded onto rail cars. Some, such as

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726-439: The damage caused to remaining trees as branches and trunks are dragged against them, tearing away the protective bark of living trees. Another ecological concern is the deep furrows in the topsoil sometimes made by skidders, especially when using tires with chains, which alter surface runoff patterns and increases the costs of forest rehabilitation and reforestation . A device similar to a skip tongue log skidder except that it

759-421: The early 1920s, animals were gradually replaced by gasoline -powered crawlers, although some small operations continue to use horses. In other places, steel "arches" were used behind the crawlers. Similar in function to the slip-tongue wheels, arches were used to reduce friction by raising up one end of the load, which was dangled from a cable which in turn ran down the back of the arch, and was raised or lowered by

792-471: The helicopter hovers overhead. Helicopter winches are also used for heli-logging and for airlifting oversized cargo, such as vehicles and other aircraft, although the winch in these cases is only used to reduce the hazards to flying with a loose cable hanging below the helicopter. Stationary balloons, such as the barrage balloons used during the Second World War to discourage marauding aircraft, and

825-462: The logs and hook them up manually. Nowadays, cable skidders are less popular than in the past. These machines are most useful in areas where it is not possible to drive the machine close to the log (such as in steep hills). Grapple skidders use a loader crane boom with a hydraulic grapple bucket to grab and lift the timber. There are three types of 'fixed boom' grapple skidders. A single-function boom type has two hydraulic cylinders, only allowing

858-420: The manufacturer in the underside of the frame on many cars. Axle straps may also be used, when there are few other places to attach. Off-road vehicles may be equipped with recovery tools such as winches on the front and back bumpers, usually mounted to a winch bar or frame mounted metal bumper. Less commonly it is mounted on a specialised metal plate "hidden winch mount" behind the vehicle's stock bumper, this

891-402: The mill. One exception is that in the early days of logging, when distances from the timberline to the mill were shorter, the landing stage was omitted altogether, and the "skidder" would have been used as the main road vehicle, in place of the trucks, railroad, or flume. Modern forms of skidders can pull trees with a cable and winch ( cable skidder ), just like the old steam donkeys , or with

924-448: The operator to control the winch speed. Modern vehicles typically use electric winches running off the car's 12V starter or 24V secondary battery. The winch is either controlled with a detachable cable, a button inside the car or wireless remote. Older vehicles may have a PTO winch, controlled via the car's transmission , a secondary clutch maybe used so the vehicle does not need to be moving while winching. Some winches are powered by

957-533: The pressure generated in the hydraulic steering system . The high lift jack or come-along is used for manual winching. Gliders are often launched using a winch mounted on a trailer or heavy vehicle. This method is widely used at many European gliding clubs, as an inexpensive alternative to aerotowing. The engine is usually a gas/petrol, LPG or diesel , though hydraulic fluid engines and electrical motors are also used. The winch pulls in 1,000 to 1,600 m (3,300 to 5,200 ft) of high-tensile steel wire or

990-403: The stage floor and used to move large set pieces on and off. Wakeskate winching is a sport where a person on a waterski or snowboard is propelled across the water with a winch. The winch consists of a gas-powered engine, spool, rope, frame, and sometimes a simple transmission. The person being towed walks (or swims) away from the winch, while extending the rope. When the winch is engaged, it pulls

1023-473: The tail line. The winch takes the load once the pull is stopped with little operator tension needed to hold it. These also allow controlled release of the tension by the operator using the friction of the line around the ratcheted spool. They are used on small sailing boats and dinghies to control sheets and other lines, and in larger applications to supplement and relieve tension on the primary winches. An air winch, sometimes known as an air hoist or air tugger,

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1056-495: The target tug aircraft for practice, and winched in for take-off and landing. Before advances were made in antennas in the 1950s, radio aerials were quite long, and needed to be winched out for use, and winched back in for landing. Failure to do so would then damage the aerial, as happened to Amelia Earhart on one of the legs of her last flight. Winches are frequently used as elements of backstage mechanics to move scenery in large theatrical productions. They are often embedded in

1089-481: Was capable of retrieving logs from four different points at the same time. Each cable, or lead, was approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) in length. Once the logs were attached and a clearance signal was sent for retrieval, they could be skidded at a speed of 1,000 feet per minute (18 km/h). In New Zealand cables were run five miles. Working conditions around these machines were very dangerous. Contemporary skidders are tracked or four wheel drive tractors with

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