The Olivetans , formally known as the Order of Our Lady of Mount Olivet , are a monastic order . They were founded in 1313 and recognised in 1344. They use the Rule of Saint Benedict and are a member of the Benedictine Confederation , where they are also known as the Olivetan Congregation , but are distinguished from the Benedictines in their white habit and centralized organisation. They use the post-nominals ' OSB Oliv '.
25-437: The Olivetans were founded in 1313 by Bernardo Tolomei (born Giovanni Tolomei) along with two of his friends from the noble families of Siena , Patrizio Patrizi and Ambrogio Piccolomini . They initially lived as hermits in the "savage waste of Accona ". The building of the monastery here began with the approbation of the foundation charter by Guido Tarlati , bishop of Arezzo (26 March 1319). The name "Olivetan" comes from
50-631: A hermitic penitential life characterised by prayer, manual work and silence. Towards the end of 1318, or the beginning of 1319, while deep in prayer, he is said to have seen a ladder on which monks in white habits ascended, helped by angels, and awaited by Jesus and Mary. Tolomei founded the Congregation of the Blessed Virgin of Monte Oliveto (the Olivetans ), giving it the Rule of St. Benedict . The purpose of
75-506: A merchant, a monastery was erected at Siena; Bishop Tarlati built another at Arezzo; a third sprang up at Florence; and within a very few years there were establishments at Camprena, Volterra, San Geminiano, Eugubio, Foligno, and Rome. During the Plague of 1348 Tolomei left the solitude of Monte Oliveto for the monastery of San Benedetto a Porta Tufi in Siena. The disease was particularly virulent in
100-448: A spectacularly productive brief lifetime. After graduating in Rome as bachelor of arts in 1553 and teaching the novices of his order in Rome and Florence, in 1557 he obtained the degree of doctor of theology. He visited the libraries of Italy, pursuing historical research and went to Germany in 1559. Refusing the position of bishop, he accepted the more welcome office of corrector and reviser of
125-790: A white habit. The Olivetan monks run Bec Abbey in France , which was left in ruins in 1792 by the French Revolution. In 1948 Olivetans from the Monastery of Our Lady of Holy Hope at Mesnil-Saint-Loup and the Monastery of the Virgin Mary at Cormeilles-en-Parisis re-established the monastery at Bec. In 1955, Benedictine monks from St. Benedict's Abbey in Wisconsin took over the former Trappist monastery of Our Lady of Guadalupe Abbey in Pecos, New Mexico. In 1985,
150-532: Is identified with a short cryptic motto. The next to last pope has the motto Gloria oliuæ (Glory of the olive). After the election of Joseph Ratzinger to the papacy in 2005, proponents of the prophecy connected him to the entry for the next to last pope: Ratzinger chose the name Benedict; one of the Benedictine congregations is the Olivetans, thus, Gloria oliuæ . However, there is no particular connection between
175-688: Is in the Galleria Colonna . Karl Gersbach, OSA, has published numerous articles on aspects of Panvinio's career. Philip Jacks set his career in the context of early antiquarian investigations in The Antiquarian and the Myth of Antiquity: The Origins of Rome in Renaissance Thought . (Cambridge University Press) 1993. Jean-Louis Ferrary 's study, Onofrio Panvinio et les antiquités romaines (Rome) 1996, focuses on Panvinio's works on Roman antiquity. For
200-651: Is not open to the public, but the chapel is open and visitors are welcome. The Congregation also maintain abbeys and prioral churches in Italy, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Belgium, Switzerland, Israel, Korea, Mexico, Guatemala and Brazil. In 1960 they formed the Olivetan Congregation within the Benedictine Confederation . Olivetan nuns are distinguished from the sisters in that the nuns focus primarily on
225-531: Is said to have vowed himself to religion in gratitude for the recovery of his eyesight through the intercession of the Blessed Virgin. In 1313, Tolomei, together with two companions, Patrizio di Francesco Patrizi and Ambrogio di Nino Piccolomini , noble Sienese merchants and members of the same Confraternity, retired to Accona on a property belonging to his family. He had taken the name of "Bernard" (in its Italian form Bernardo ) out of admiration for The Cistercian abbot, St. Bernard of Clairvaux . Here they lived
250-637: The Divine Office according to the Rule of Saint Benedict , while the sisters engage in outside apostolates such as religious education or pastoral care, and therefore follow a modified form of the rule. In 1874, Benedictine sisters from the Convent of Maria Rickenbach in the Canton of Unterwalden, Switzerland, arrived as teachers in Maryville, Missouri. Shortly thereafter some of the sisters were sent to Arkansas. In 1893
275-404: The Rule of St. Benedict and was recognised by Pope Clement VI in 1344. In 1408 Gregory XII gave them the extinct monastery of St. Justina at Padua, which they occupied until the institution there of the Benedictine reform. Unlike many other Benedictine congregations, the Olivetans have a centralized structure, supervised by the abbot general at Monte Oliveto Maggiore. Olivetan Benedictines wear
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#1732851612465300-514: The Arkansas community affiliated with the Olivetans. In 1900, they opened St. Bernard's Hospital in Jonesboro. The Prophecy of St. Malachy is a supposed list of 112 popes beginning in 1143 with Pope Celestine II and continuing apparently to the end of time. It was allegedly discovered around 1595 by Benedictine monk Arnold de Wyon , who attributes it to the 12th century Malachy of Armagh . Each pope
325-576: The Disciplinati di Santa Maria della Notte, a group dedicated to aiding the sick at the Hospital della Scala . Tolomei became a professor of law at the University of Siena. For a time he served as a knight in the armies of Rudolph I of Germany . After his return to Siena, he was appointed by his fellow citizens to the highest positions in the city government. While thus occupied he was struck with blindness. He
350-515: The May 10, 1272. He was educated by his uncle, Christopher Tolomeo, a Dominican , and desired to enter the religious life, but his father's opposition prevented him from doing so, and he continued his studies in secular surroundings. After studies in philosophy and mathematics he devoted himself to the study of civil and canon law, and of theology. While studying law in Siena, he joined the Confraternity of
375-503: The Olivetan Order and Pope Benedict XVI. In 1139, Malachy visited Rome, stopping at Clairvaux Abbey both on the way and on his return. His contemporary, Bernard of Clairvaux wrote a vita of St. Malachy, providing many interesting anecdotes, but does not mention any prophecy. Reputable church historians since the 18th century have considered "The Prophecy of St. Malachy" a forgery, most likely written around 1590. Most scholars consider
400-514: The Plague in Siena' (1735). After having ruled the religious body he had founded for 27 years Tolomei died, at the age of 76. Tolomei was canonized in 2009. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " Olivetans ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Onofrio Panvinio Onofrio Panvinio or Onuphrius Panvinius O.S.A. (23 February 1529 – 27 April 1568)
425-644: The books of the Vatican Library in 1556. He died in Palermo while accompanying his friend and protector Cardinal Farnese to the Synod of Monreale, 1568. He was recognized as one of the greatest church historians and archaeologists of his time. The scholarly printer Paulus Manutius called him antiquitatis helluo ("a glutton for antiquity"), and Julius Caesar Scaliger styled him pater omnis historiae ("father of all history"). His great archaeological map of ancient Rome
450-465: The city. Tolomei and his monks devoted themselves to the care of the sick. On 20 August 1348, while helping his plague-stricken monks, he himself fell victim of the Plague. Eighty-two monks likewise succumbed to the plague. His last days were depicted in a painting by the 18th-century Italian painter Giuseppe Maria Crespi in a work was entitled: 'The Blessed Bernard Tolomei Interceding for the Cessation of
475-426: The document a 16th-century elaborate hoax, bearing similarities to a 1557 history of the popes by Onofrio Panvinio , including mistakes. Thomas Groome , of Boston College said, "...the 'Prophecies of St. Malachy' are a grand old fun tale that have about as much reliability as the morning horoscope". Bernardo Tolomei Bernardo Tolomei (10 May 1272 – 20 August 1348) was an Italian Catholic priest and
500-521: The founder of the Congregation of the Blessed Virgin of Monte Oliveto . In the Roman Martyrology he is commemorated on August 20, but in the Benedictine calendar his optional memorial is celebrated on the previous day. Bernardo Tolomei was beatified by Pope Innocent X on 24 November 1644 and was canonized by Pope Benedict XVI on 26 April 2009. Giovanni Tolomei was born at Siena in Tuscany on
525-531: The monastery became part of the Olivetan congregation. The abbey offers retreats and spiritual direction. The Monastery of Christ Our Saviour was founded in 1980 in the village of Turvey Abbey , Bedfordshire. Adjacent to the monastery is the Priory of Our Lady of Peace of Olivetan Benedictine nuns. The monastery and the priory share worship services. While the monks have no outside apostolate, guests are welcome. The priory
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#1732851612465550-410: The name of the order's original hermitage, called Monte Oliveto in honour of Christ's Passion. The monastery later became known as " Monte Oliveto Maggiore " ("greater") to distinguish it from successive foundations at Florence , San Gimignano , Naples and elsewhere. It is still the motherhouse of the order or congregation. After the arrival of a number of new followers, the nascent community adopted
575-414: The new community was a special devotion to the Blessed Virgin. Bishop Guido Tarlati of Arezzo, within whose diocese the congregation was formed, confirmed its constitution in (1319), and many favours were granted by Popes John XXII, Clement VI (1344), and Gregory XI . Since the Benedictine rule did not prescribe the colour of monastic dress, the Olivetans adopted white habits. Through the generosity of
600-461: Was an Italian Augustinian friar, historian and antiquary who was the librarian to Cardinal Alessandro Farnese . Panvinio was born in Verona . At the age of eleven, he entered the order of Order of Saint Augustine and in 1539 he went to Rome and became fascinated by the city, whose topography and inscriptions, ancient and medieval history, writers and great papal families he would document through
625-454: Was produced in 1565. About the same time he began to collaborate with the French engraver Étienne Dupérac , who continued to provide illustrations for posthumous printings of Panvinio's works. Not all of his numerous historical, theological, archaeological, and liturgical works were published, even posthumously; some are preserved in manuscript in the Vatican Library . His portrait by Tintoretto
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