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20-829: According to the Church historian John Norman Davidson Kelly , 2nd-century church fathers Tertullian and Irenaeus cite it in their works. According to the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, the first text attesting it is a letter to Pope Julius I in 340 or 341, and it has recently been argued that it developed in the context of the Arian controversy. Bettenson and Maunder further comment on this that Marcellus had been exiled from his diocese through Arian influence, thus spending two years at Rome, and finally left his creed with Julius, Bishop of Rome. Additionally c. 400, Rufinus,

40-806: A letter of Saint Ambrose ( c. 390), what is now known as the Apostles’ Creed is first quoted in its present form in the early 8th century . It developed from the Old Roman Symbol, and seems to be of Hispano-Gallic origin, being accepted in Rome some time after Charlemagne imposed it throughout his dominions. The Latin text of Tyrannius Rufinus : Credo in deum patrem omnipotentem; et in Christum Iesum filium eius unicum, dominum nostrum, qui natus est de Spiritu sancto ex Maria virgine, qui sub Pontio Pilato crucifixus est et sepultus, tertia die resurrexit

60-812: A mortuis, ascendit in caelos, sedet ad dexteram patris, unde venturus est iudicare vivos et mortuos; et in Spiritum sanctum, sanctam ecclesiam, remissionem peccatorum, carnis resurrectionem. The Greek text of Marcellus of Ancyra : Πιστεύω οὖν εἰς θεòν πατέρα παντοκράτορα· καὶ εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν, τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ, τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν, τὸν γεννηθέντα ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ Μαρίας τῆς παρθένου, τὸν ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου σταυρωθέντα καὶ ταφέντα καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρα ἀναστάντα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, ἀναβάντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανούς καὶ καθήμενον ἐν δεξιᾳ τοῦ πατρός, ὅθεν ἔρχεται κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς· καὶ εἰς τò ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ἁγίαν ἐκκλησίαν, ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν, σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν, ζωὴν αἰώνιον. The Latin (Rufinus) and

80-594: A priest of Aquileia, left a Latin version in his Commentarius in Symbolum Apostolorum (P.L. xxi. 335B). He believed this to be the Roman creed as the "rule of faith" written by the Apostles at Jerusalem. About at the same time also Nicetas of Remesiana wrote an Explanatio Symboli (P.L. Lii. 865-874B) based on the Old Roman Symbol, but including also the communion of saints . Though the name "Apostles’ Creed" appears in

100-429: A university lectureship in patristic studies until 1976. He published widely, writing on the development of the early Christian Creeds and doctrines, his Early Christian Creeds and Early Christian Doctrines becoming standard secondary works and seminary textbooks; commentaries on the pastoral epistles; biographical studies, including studies of St Jerome and St John Chrysostom; and The Oxford Dictionary of Popes . He

120-580: The Church of England as a deacon in 1934, and served a year of a curacy at the Church of St Lawrence, Northampton in the Diocese of Peterborough . Before completing his diaconal year he was invited to return to Oxford as chaplain and tutor in theology and philosophy at St Edmund Hall by the then principal, A.B. Emden , beginning a sixty-two-year association with the Hall. He was ordained priest in 1935. In 1937, Kelly

140-692: The vitam eternam , as Marcellus, and the communionem sanctorum , omitted by the other two. I believe in God the Father almighty; and in Christ Jesus His only Son, our Lord, Who was born of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, Who under Pontius Pilate was crucified and buried, on the third day rose again from the dead, ascended to heaven, sits at the right hand of the Father, whence He will come to judge

160-532: The Ferguson Scholarship and the Hertford Scholarship. At Queen's, he read Literae humaniores (classics) and theology, and graduated with a first-class honours Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1934. Despite an upbringing as a Presbyterian he was confirmed into the Church of England . From 1933 to 1934, he trained for Holy Orders at St Stephen's House, Oxford . Kelly was ordained in

180-585: The Greek (Marcellus) versions are faithful, literal, verbatim translations of each other. The only outstanding difference is the concluding clause in the Greek text, ζωὴν αἰώνιον ("life everlasting"), which has no equivalent in the Latin text. This clause is present in the Apostles’ Creed . The Latin version of Nicetas of Remesiana also follows quite closely the version of Rufinus (usually verbatim ) but also includes

200-478: The University. Between 1972 and 1977 he was pro-vice-chancellor of the University. Finally, before he retired as principal, he oversaw the admission of women into the undergraduate body of the Hall, with their first matriculation in 1979. John Kelly was prominent in the theology faculty throughout his association with St Edmund Hall. He was speaker's lecturer in biblical studies from 1945 to 1948 and subsequently held

220-458: The hall transformed into an independent constituent college of the university and later a co-educational establishment. John Kelly was born in Bridge of Allan , Perthshire, on 13 April 1909 and was the fourth of five children to his Scottish headmaster father, John Davidson Kelly, and Ann, his English mother. John and his sister Ann Davidson Kelly were home-schooled by his father. (one source says it

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240-558: The hospital became a leader in training social workers. Kelly became the general secretary of the Institute of Medical Social Workers during the 1960s when social work was in a period of rapid change. She spoke up for her profession and its patients and she was known throughout the country. She was the first and last general secretary of the institute. Kelly moved forward partnering the London School of Economics in providing courses. She

260-466: The living and the dead; and in the Holy Spirit, the holy Church, the remission of sins, the resurrection of the flesh (the life everlasting). John Norman Davidson Kelly John Norman Davidson Kelly FBA (13 April 1909 – 31 March 1997) was a British theologian and academic at the University of Oxford and Principal of St Edmund Hall , Oxford, between 1951 and 1979, during which

280-492: Was a British medical almoner and a pioneer of British social work playing a key role in the formation of the British Association of Social Workers . Kelly was born in Bridge of Allan , Perthshire, in 1912 the last of five children to his Scottish headmaster father, John Davidson Kelly, and Ann his English mother. She and her brother John Norman Davidson Kelly were home-schooled by her father, although one source says it

300-658: Was a founder member of the Academic Council of the Institute for Advanced Theological Studies in Jerusalem . He was awarded the degree of Doctor of Divinity (Oxon) in 1951 and fellowship of the British Academy in 1965. He died a bachelor on 31 March 1997 and his cremated remains are interred in the antechapel of St Edmund Hall. Ann Davidson Kelly (Margaret) Ann Davidson Kelly (1 February 1912 – 18 February 1989)

320-441: Was a small school ). His father was unemployed after the school he was head of had financial difficulties. He had a good education at home but regretted later the lack of social interaction. He studied at the University of Glasgow , graduating with an undergraduate Master of Arts (MA Hons) degree in 1931. He then went up to Queen's College, Oxford having secured an (essential) scholarship; during his time at Oxford, he received

340-414: Was a small school. Her father was unemployed after the school he was head of had financial difficulties. She had a Presbyterian upbringing. In 1934 Kelly gained a master's degree in history from the University of Glasgow and three years later she was qualified by the Institute of Hospital Almoners . In 1951 she began nineteen years as the head almoner of King's College Hospital . Under her leadership

360-445: Was brought to fruition in 1958 when Kelly secured the co-operation of Queen's and obtained for the Hall a Charter of Incorporation, presented by the Duke of Edinburgh . During his tenure as Principal, Kelly oversaw a major fund-raising programme which allowed the building of new student accommodation and dining facilities. A period of illness in 1966 cut short his tenure as vice-chancellor of

380-564: Was made Vice-Principal. During World War II , he wished to become a military chaplain but Emden would not release him, and he instead undertook linguistic work for the Foreign Office . Emden was forced to retire in 1951 because of illness and Kelly became Principal, a position he held until 1979. Kelly became Principal of the Hall at an important phase of its 700-year history, namely its independence from Queen's College, of which it had been part since 1557. The process, started by Emden in 1937,

400-522: Was working on a companion volume to the Oxford Dictionary about archbishops when he died. In the ecclesiastical world, he became a canon of Chichester Cathedral in 1948, a position he held until 1993. He presided over the Archbishop of Canterbury 's Commission on Roman Catholic Relations from 1963 until 1968 and accompanied the archbishop, Michael Ramsey on his historic visit to Rome in 1966. He

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