Okara , soy pulp , or tofu dregs is a pulp consisting of insoluble parts of the soybean that remain after pureed soybeans are filtered in the production of soy milk and tofu . It is generally white or yellowish in color. It is part of the traditional cuisines of Japan , Korea , and China . Since the 20th century, it has been used in the vegetarian cuisines of Western nations.
23-630: [REDACTED] Look up okara in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Okara may refer to: Okara (food) , soy pulp in East Asian cuisines Okara, Pakistan , a city in Pakistan Okara District , the highest-level administrative division with the name Okara Tehsil , a lower-level administrative division Okara railway station Okara Cantonment , adjacent to Okara city Okara Park ,
46-401: A buildup of the toxic acetaldehyde . Therefore, mushrooms containing coprine should never be consumed together with alcoholic beverages. Excessive intake of required nutrients can also result in them having an anti-nutrient action. Excessive intake of dietary fiber can reduce the transit time through the intestines to such a degree that other nutrients cannot be absorbed. However, this effect
69-409: A granola product, as an ingredient in soysage , as an egg replacement in vegan quiche, and as an ingredient in pâtés . In Japan, there have been experiments with incorporating okara into ice cream . Most okara is used as animal feed , especially for farms in vicinity of soy milk or tofu factories. The product is used as an ingredient in pet foods. Okara is sometimes spread on fields as
92-545: A natural nitrogen fertilizer. It adds tilth to the soil. Likewise, it can be added to compost to add organic nutrients and nitrogen. When not considered foodstuff, it may be deemed 'soybean curd residue' (SCR). Some 800,000 tons of soybean curd residue is disposed annually as tofu production byproducts in Japan. As mass waste, it is a potential environmental problem because it is highly susceptible to putrefaction . The protein in SCR
115-502: A percentage of fat to pass through the digestive tract undigested. Amylase inhibitors prevent the action of enzymes that break the glycosidic bonds of starches and other complex carbohydrates , preventing the release of simple sugars and absorption by the body. Like lipase inhibitors, they have been used as a diet aid and obesity treatment. They are present in many types of beans; commercially available amylase inhibitors are extracted from white kidney beans . Hypoglycin A , which
138-808: A sports stadium in New Zealand Gabriel Okara (1921–2019), Nigerian writer See also [ edit ] Okarvi Ocara , a municipality in Brazil Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Okara . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Okara&oldid=1255584703 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
161-419: A strong binding affinity to minerals such as calcium , magnesium , iron , copper , and zinc . This results in precipitation, making the minerals unavailable for absorption in the intestines . Phytic acids are common in the hulls of nuts, seeds, and grains and of great importance in agriculture , animal nutrition, and in eutrophication , due to the mineral chelation and bound phosphates released into
184-503: A variety of reasons. However, their levels are reduced in modern crops, probably as an outcome of the process of domestication . The possibility now exists to eliminate antinutrients entirely using genetic engineering ; but, since these compounds may also have beneficial effects, such genetic modifications could make the foods more nutritious, but not improve people's health. Many traditional methods of food preparation such as germination , cooking , fermentation , and malting increase
207-432: Is a food by-product from tofu and soy drink production. In 1983 it was estimated that the annual yield for okara in Japan was approximately 70,000 metric tons. Due to its high moisture and nutrient content, okara is highly prone to putrefaction , and this has limited its commercial use. Okara that is firmly packed consists of 3.5 to 4.0% protein, 76 to 80% moisture and 20 to 24% of solids. When moisture free,
230-577: Is also eaten as red oncom by the Sundanese people on Java in Indonesia after fermentation by Neurospora . Okara is eaten in the Shandong cuisine of eastern China by steaming a wet mixture of okara that has been formed into blocks of zha doufu (also known as xiao doufu or cai doufu ). The product is sometimes used as an ingredient in vegetarian burger patties. Additional uses include processing into
253-508: Is conducive to digestion and absorption of okara nutrients, and it further improves the nutritional value. It can eliminate the bean's odor, increase the amount of edible fiber, free amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, vitamin B12, vitamin B2, and flavoprotein . Most okara worldwide is used as feed for livestock — especially hogs and dairy cows. Most of the rest is used as a natural fertilizer or compost, which
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#1732851678166276-414: Is contained in lychees and ackee fruit, blocks the fatty acid metabolism, so that the body uses its glycogen deposits for energy, which can cause hypoglycemia , when these fruit are eaten in large quantities or as the sole diet. Coprine found in some edible mushrooms, for example the common inkcap , inhibits the aldehyde dehydrogenase , which is a part of the alcohol digestive system. This can cause
299-642: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Okara (food) It is called dòuzhā or dòufuzhā in Chinese , okara in Japanese , and biji or kongbiji in Korean . Okara is the oldest of three basic types of soy fiber. The other two are soy bran (finely ground soybean hulls) and soy cotyledon/isolate fiber (the fiber that remains after making isolated soy protein , also called "soy protein isolate"). Okara
322-501: Is fairly rich in nitrogen. A small amount is used in cookery. In Japan it is used in a side dish called unohana which consists of okara cooked with soy sauce , mirin , sliced carrots , burdock root and shiitake mushrooms. Okara can be used to make tempeh , by fermenting with the fungus Rhizopus oligosporus , using a tempeh starter. It can make press cake tempeh using ingredients such as brown rice, bulgur wheat, soybeans and other legume and grain combinations. Okara
345-460: Is of better quality than from other soy products; for example, the protein efficiency ratio of SCR is 2.71 compared with 2.11 for soymilk. The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids is similar to tofu and soymilk. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to current processes to commercially extract the proteins and nutrients from SCR waste. Antinutritional factor Antinutrients are natural or synthetic compounds that interfere with
368-581: Is often not seen in practice and reduction of absorbed minerals can be attributed mainly to the phytic acids in fibrous food. Foods high in calcium eaten simultaneously with foods containing iron can decrease the absorption of iron via an unclear mechanism involving iron transport protein h DMT1 , which calcium can inhibit. Avidin is an antinutrient found in active form in raw egg whites . It binds very tightly to biotin ( vitamin B 7 ) and can cause deficiency of B 7 in animals and, in extreme cases, in humans. A widespread form of antinutrients,
391-418: The flavonoids , are a group of polyphenolic compounds that include tannins . These compounds chelate metals such as iron and zinc and reduce the absorption of these nutrients, and they also inhibit digestive enzymes and may also precipitate proteins. Saponins in plants may act like antifeedants and can be classified as antinutrients. Antinutrients are found at some level in almost all foods for
414-621: The absorption of nutrients . Nutrition studies focus on antinutrients commonly found in food sources and beverages. Antinutrients may take the form of drugs, chemicals that naturally occur in food sources, proteins , or overconsumption of nutrients themselves. Antinutrients may act by binding to vitamins and minerals, preventing their uptake, or inhibiting enzymes. Throughout history, humans have bred crops to reduce antinutrients, and cooking processes have developed to remove them from raw food materials and increase nutrient bioavailability , notably in staple foods such as cassava . Phytic acid has
437-411: The digestion and subsequent absorption of protein. For example, Bowman–Birk trypsin inhibitor is found in soybeans. Some trypsin inhibitors and lectins are found in legumes and interfere with digestion. Lipase inhibitors interfere with enzymes, such as human pancreatic lipase , that catalyze the hydrolysis of some lipids , including fats. For example, the anti-obesity drug orlistat causes
460-462: The environment. Without the need to use milling to reduce phytate (including nutrient), the amount of phytic acid is commonly reduced in animal feeds by adding histidine acid phosphate type of phytases to them. Oxalic acid and oxalates are present in many plants and in significant amounts particularly in rhubarb , tea , spinach , parsley , and purslane . Oxalates bind to calcium , magnesium and iron , preventing their absorption in
483-653: The gritty okara contains 8 to 15% fats, 12 to 14.5% crude fiber and 24% protein, and contains 17% of the protein from the source soybeans. It also contains potassium, calcium, niacin . [?] Most of the soybean isoflavones are left in okara, as well as vitamin B and the fat-soluble nutritional factors, which include soy lecithin , linoleic acid , linolenic acid , phytosterols , tocopherol , and vitamin D . Okara contains some antinutritional factors : trypsin inhibitors (mostly destroyed by cooking), saponins , and soybean agglutinins , which cannot be easily digested. Fermentation (by proper species of bacteria) of okara
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#1732851678166506-402: The human body. Glucosinolates prevent the uptake of iodine , affecting the function of the thyroid and thus are considered goitrogens . They are found in plants such as broccoli , Brussels sprouts , cabbage , mustard greens , radishes , and cauliflower . Protease inhibitors are substances that inhibit the actions of trypsin , pepsin , and other proteases in the gut, preventing
529-413: The nutritive quality of plant foods through reducing certain antinutrients such as phytic acid, polyphenols, and oxalic acid. Such processing methods are widely used in societies where cereals and legumes form a major part of the diet. An important example of such processing is the fermentation of cassava to produce cassava flour: this fermentation reduces the levels of both toxins and antinutrients in
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