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48-613: Ohlange High School is a secondary school in Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa. It was founded in 1901 by John Dube and Nokuthela Dube ( née Mdima). It was the first school in South Africa started by a black person. John Dube was also the first President of what became the ANC . The school was chosen by President Nelson Mandela as the place where he would cast his vote in the first racially inclusive election in South Africa in 1994. The school

96-449: A missionary teacher in 1939. When Grant arrived Ohlange High School already had an established team. Grant raised the status of the game around Durban and made Adams the centre of this new school sport. Cricket was the sport popular with the Indian immigrants to South Africa and the local Durban Indian Cricket Union dated from 1894. The mission station is called Adams Mission and it had

144-477: A polling booth in the school. Mandela chose the area because he wanted to give the native black population the confidence to vote. He chose Ohlange School in particular because this is where John Dube, the first president of what was to become the ANC, was buried, and he wanted to lay a wreath. Mandela stood by the grave and said: "Mr President, I have come to report to you that South Africa is free today." Enrolment in 2012

192-560: A settlement just over 20 miles (32 km) south of Durban by an American missionary. The settlement there is known as Adams Mission . The college's alumni include Presidents of Botswana and Uganda, several ministers and leaders of the African National Congress . It is recognised as a historic school. It has been called Adams School, Amanzimtoti Institute and the Amanzimtoti Zulu Training School. The school

240-833: A significant contribution to media by establishing the inaugural bilingual Zulu/English newspaper, titled Ilanga laseNatali (The Sun of Natal). He assumed the role of the first president of the South African Native National Congress , from 1912 to 1917. This organization later evolved into the influential African National Congress . Inspired by the work of African-American educator Booker T. Washington and his Tuskegee University , Dube and his wife founded several schools in Inanda, including Ohlange High School , Redfern Primary School, and Langalibalele High Primary School. Dube's home neighborhood in Inanda, Dube Village, now contains numerous memorials to his efforts. In

288-547: A site south of Durban where he founded a "family school" within months of his arrival. The school attracted both adults and children. He was helped by an early convert called Mbalasi who was the widow of Duze Ka Mnengwa KaKhondlo. He had been a Chief of the Makanya killed during the wars with Shaka leaving Mbalasi to care for herself. She and her son Nembula became part of the Adams home. A historic meeting took place here in 1881 when

336-494: A traditionalist approach was backed by John Dube who was at Ohlange and Brookes who was the headmaster here. Esau Fika Mthethwea who was a teacher formed the "Lucky Stars" in 1929 as an ethnic vaudeville troupe of typically eight young teachers who had been trained at Adams. Esau died in 1933 but others took over and the Lucky Stars toured throughout the country and they nearly had a tour of Europe. The "Shooting Stars" are one of

384-755: A while taught physiology at the college. In 1924 Z.K. Matthews was appointed to be the first black head of Adams College where the activist Albert Luthuli was already a teacher. Both of them were active in politics and Matthews was later to be the Botswana Ambassador to the United Nations and Luthuli was to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Between 1933 and 1945 Edgar Brookes was the Principal of Adams College. He worked closely with John Dube of Ohlange High School to achieve common objectives of improving

432-548: A year and arranging for Dube's helpers and family including John Mdima to go to college. The Dubes spent fifteen months in the states with John speaking and his wife singing. June Emaroy Smith was particularly generous and funded the 1907 construction of a boy's building. Dube noted in his talks that the Afro American was largely Christian whereas the native African had only limited access to the Christian message. In its early years

480-479: A year was earmarked for Ohlange, Adams College , Inkamana High School , Inanda Seminary and Vryheid Comprehensive High School to make them academies focusing on Maths, Science and Technology. Anglican Archbishop Emeritus Njongonkulu Ndungane said that they still needed funds and "little has been achieved since democracy". Prominent former pupils include the Nobel Laureate Albert Luthuli and

528-887: Is the Inanda SAPS Station . On the southern fringes of the township stands the Dube Village Mall, a tribute to the late Dr. John Langalibalele Dube . Within this mall, one finds amenities such as the Inanda Post Office , Shoprite, and a variety of other stores. The culinary scene is enriched by franchise restaurants like KFC and Debonairs Pizza , accompanied by local entertainment venues like Sbu's Lounge in Amatikwe, Under The Moon Exclusive Lounge in Lindley, and Zack's Exclusive Lounge in Inanda Glebe. Turning to infrastructure,

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576-460: The Bantu Education Act came into force. This act required that South African schools prepare black students for secondary and manual labour. Grant and the school felt that this was unacceptable and argued that they should be allowed to become independent. However the first President and the incumbent President of the ANC were staff from the school and the authorities were adamant. They allowed

624-685: The KwaZulu-Natal province, including the prominent city of Durban , encompass KwaMashu and Ntuzuma . Inanda Township occupies an extensive geographical area and is segmented into multiple sections. Unlike neighboring KwaMashu, these divisions are denoted by actual names rather than letters. Among these sections are Inanda Newtowns A, B, and C (locally referred to as Ematendeni), Dube Village, Ezimangweni, White City, Langalibalele, Ohlange, Amaoti, Lindley, Congo (D.R), Amatikwe, Phola, Ngoqokazi, Tafuleni, Ntanda, Emachobeni, Ngcungcwini, Soweto, and Glebe. Although there exists ongoing discourse concerning whether

672-528: The eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in terms of developmental initiatives. Notably, on April 27, 1994, Inanda Township gained recognition as the location where Nelson Mandela cast his vote, marking a momentous occasion in the country's history. This event coincided with his election as the first Black President of the Republic later that same year. John Langalibalele Dube , affectionately known as "Mafukuzela," alongside his wife Nokutela Dube , were born in

720-431: The eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality , holds historical significance as one of the original townships in the region. Initially, during the 17th century, it served as a vital oasis for local Indigenous farmers. The landscape transformed with the arrival of white settlers in the late 1700s, and by the 1800s, Inanda Township became designated as a 'Reserve' for Black and less educated individuals. Indian farmers became part of

768-506: The 1870s at an American-operated Christian mission station located in Inanda. As the son of a respected Zulu clergyman, Dube received his education at Oberlin College in the United States. Upon his return to his birthplace of Inanda, Dube embarked on a path of intellectual exploration, composing a series of insightful essays concerning the history and advancement of Africans. In 1903, he made

816-578: The 1980s unfolded, the vicinity of the Settlement witnessed the emergence of a squatter camp named Bhambayi, which eventually encompassed much of the area. The year 1985 witnessed riots within the camp, driven by opposition to apartheid policies, resulting in significant damage to the structures of Phoenix Settlement. Subsequently, the community largely fell into disuse until February 2000, when then-President Thabo Mbeki formally committed to its reestablishment and restoration. This commitment materialized within

864-756: The Deputy President Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka , who went back to her former school in May 2006 as part of the Global Campaign for Education . Musical alumni include Reuben Caluza , the singer Busi Mhlongo and the jazz musician Victor Ntoni . Sportsman Stephen Mokone also studied here. Judge President John Hlophe matriculated at Ohlange in 1978. 29°41′54.63″S 30°57′26.21″E  /  29.6985083°S 30.9572806°E  / -29.6985083; 30.9572806 Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal Brief Description Inanda Township, situated within

912-574: The Ohlange cause to distract himself from his loss. Strong was able to arrange for the Dubes to meet Douglas and Emaroy June Smith, who became rich due to patent medicines and in time from the Pepsodent toothpaste brand. They donated thousands of dollars to the school, which enabled more teachers to be employed. This was in addition to the money that Dube obtained from the family of Anson Phelps Stokes . By 1904,

960-544: The Reverend Newton Adams , M.D. Adams was much revered and in the 1930s the school was renamed Adams College in his honour. Adams had arrived in 1835 with two other missionaries, but after being rebuffed by the Thabethe tribe which employed local chiefs from numerous nguni clans one noticeable one was headed by inkosi Mtubantuba to donate cattle they had set out to establish three complementary missions. Adams had chosen

1008-718: The Reverend William Cullen Wilcox was asked to talk to a fatherless student called John Dube about his poor behavior at the school. John was the son of the Reverend James Dube who was the Congregational minister in Inanda. In 1887 John Dube was "adopted" by the Wilcoxes and taken to America to study at Oberlin College . Wilcox was to be eventually awarded with a medal by the South African government and Dube

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1056-460: The area extending from Umzinyathi to Manyaseni falls within Inanda's boundaries, it is situated within the Qadi Area. However, the Qadi Area lacks official standalone recognition, necessitating its residents to employ Inanda for postal addresses and commercial purposes. Notably, the Inanda section of Ohlange has evolved into a notable tourist destination due to its significant historical association with

1104-591: The church's teachings are principles of abstemious living and adherence to the Ten Commandments . The followers of this faith, commonly referred to as "Shembe," quasi-messianic attributes to Isaiah Shembe and his descendants. Over the course of more than a century since its inception, the Church has experienced multiple divisions. The majority of Shembe adherents continue to originate from the KwaZulu-Natal region, and

1152-492: The community in 1936, further enriching its cultural fabric. The year 1951 marked a pivotal shift with the introduction of the Group Areas Act by the government. This legislation led to an influx of Black residents into Inanda Township, accompanied by challenges arising from inadequate infrastructure encompassing housing, schools, clinics, roads, sanitation, and water systems. The lack of proper planning detrimentally impacted

1200-533: The entirety of KwaZulu-Natal. Additionally, it holds historical significance as the birthplace of the Ilanga laseNatal , an esteemed newsletter publication founded by John Langalibalele Dube . Adams College Adams College is a historic Christian mission school in South Africa, associated with the United Congregational Church of Southern Africa (UCCSA). It was founded in 1853 at Amanzimtoti

1248-440: The esteemed late Dr. John Langalibalele Dube . In the realm of economics, Inanda Township exhibits a range of features. To the northern extent of the township lies Inanda North Town Centre, colloquially referred to as eMtshebheni by locals. This hub encompasses various establishments including well-known stores like Shoprite , Checkout, Saverite, Furnco, Pep Store , Buildit, Cashbuild, and others. Adjacent to this commercial zone

1296-570: The finances needed further attention and Dube was unable to find any help in Natal. He had to return to America and he left John Mdima in charge of both the school and the newspaper. In Brooklyn, Dube met the new chair of the committee S. Parkes Cadman , who was pastor of the Central Congregational church in Brooklyn. Cadman reorganised the funding arranging for benefactors to sponsor students for £30

1344-519: The first few years. A solution to this came from an American committee that supported Dube's belief that Christian conversion could be achieved via industrial education. A leading member of the committee was the Illinois pastor Sidney Dix Strong who had visited South Africa and had included the Ohlange Institute to his itinerary. Strong's wife died on the journey back to Chicago and Strong decided to use

1392-510: The largest cemetery parks within the eThekwini Metropolitan area . There is also the Elangeni FET College , located in Ohlange along Dr. Langalibalele Dube Drive, stands as a tertiary educational institution. The college is dedicated to providing courses encompassing Business and Engineering qualifications among its offerings. Inanda serves as the central hub for the bilingual (English/Zulu) radio station, Inanda FM , which airs across

1440-408: The lot of native Africans. The school became one of the most important schools for black education. In 1945 the school lost Edgar Brookes, and there was a period of unrest and poor discipline. In 1947 the main building of the school burned down. A new headmaster, Jack Grant, a white academic, arrived from Trinidad in 1948 to refocus the school. The school faced legal opposition from the government as

1488-445: The nearby Inanda Seminary School to operate outside the act, but in 1956 the school held a service to mark the end of its operation. The school was sold to the government and the head left South Africa. The important item was the school was not able to be called "Adams". What was then thought to be the end of a leading school was described by ex-staff member George C. Grant in his book, The Liquidation of Adams College . The school

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1536-624: The oldest football teams in the Durban area. Football was introduced by the missionary schools and the Shooting Stars were able to challenge similar teams at Ifafa , Umbumbulu and Inanda . All of these teams were well established by 1902. George Copeland Grant was on the teaching staff of Adams College where cricket had been introduced in the 1930s. As "Jackie" Grant he had captained the West Indies Cricket team for four tests before becoming

1584-461: The quality of life for the township's inhabitants. Tensions escalated between the Indian and African communities between 1984-1987, resulting in significant political and racial clashes. As a consequence, many Indian residents relocated to nearby areas such as Verulam, KwaZulu-Natal , Phoenix, Durban , and Ottawa, KwaZulu-Natal . Despite South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994 , Inanda Township continued to experience relative neglect from

1632-475: The revered historical site of the Inanda church headquarters, known as ekuPhakameni , remains in active use. During the period spanning from 1978 to 1994, Inanda witnessed a series of intense confrontations between its African and Indian communities, leading to significant upheaval. A notable outcome of these events was the relocation of a substantial portion of the town's Indian populace to the neighboring areas of Phoenix and Verulam. Adjacent communities within

1680-496: The same year, leading to the successful restoration of Phoenix Settlement. Phoenix Settlement was declared a National Heritage Site by the South African government in 2020. In the early 20th century, Isaiah Shembe , a prominent Zulu mystic and charismatic preacher, established the Nazareth Baptist Church in Inanda. This African initiated church elements of Christianity with indigenous Zulu traditions . Central to

1728-668: The school after the Tuskegee University in America. As a result, the Zulu Christian Industrial Institute laid emphasis on developing self-reliance in its students. In 1901, the school was renamed the Ohlange Institute. It was called "Ohlange" by Dube based on the word "uhlanga", which means the point of new growth in a plant or an ancestor for a descended family. The school was so popular initially that students were sleeping without beds. The finances were difficult in

1776-541: The school taught not only basic education but also vocational skills such as journalism, shoe and dressmaking, carpentry, motor mechanics and agriculture. Dube contributed to the administration, as well as teaching journalism. The academic side was not ignored and in 1915 the first Ohlange students went to study at the University College of the Cape of Good Hope . 1917 saw the construction of a girls' dormitory. The purpose here

1824-529: The township has several community health centers catering to residents' healthcare needs. Notable among these are the Inanda CHC Clinic on Umshado Road, Newtown C, as well as the Inanda Newtown A & B Clinics, Sivananda Clinic in Ohlange, St. Joseph's Roman Clinic in Amatikwe, and Bhekimpilo Clinic in Amatikwe, among others. The Abalindi Old Age & Orphanage Home is located in Amatikwe. Additionally,

1872-582: The township offers various recreational facilities, including sporting fields with the Dr. JL Dube Stadium being a prominent landmark. These are complemented by children's parks and innovative Fitness Parks introduced by the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality , aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle within the township. Notably, the Tafuleni Cemetery Park in the Tafuleni Section holds significance as one of

1920-407: The year 1903, Mahatma Gandhi , who had established his residence in the nearby city of Durban in 1893, founded a modest settlement known as Phoenix Settlement on the northwestern periphery of Inanda. This village-like community featured residences, a clinic, a school, and a printing press, and played a pivotal role as a dwelling place for Gandhi, his family, and his supporters. Their collective mission

1968-483: Was 865, with nearly 100 boarding at the school. There were just over 60 staff, with 34 being teachers in 2012. The school had a laboratory and a technical drawing room, a computer and cooking room, a library and 23 other classrooms in 2012. The admin block is in addition and the school had plans in 2012 to add six more classrooms and to increase the computing facilities. In 2007, Ohlange was among several schools recognised as "historic schools". Funding of six million rand

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2016-499: Was abandoned. During this period the school was poorly cared for during the Apartheid period and buildings were demolished. The school requires some work to achieve its previous successes but in 2007 the school achieved a 93% Matric pass rate in line with Thulani Khumalo the heads priority of "academic excellence". Both what is now Ohlange High School and Adams were involved with a move to return music to its ethnic roots. The move to

2064-712: Was founded in 1853 by the Reverend David Rood, missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions . The school was located on the glebe of the Amanzimtoti mission and was initially named the Amanzimtoti Institute . Rood had arrived in Natal 20 January 1848 and subsequently established the Ifafa mission station. Rood then transferred to Amanzimtoti following the 16 September 1851 death of mission founder

2112-617: Was founded in 1901 as the Zulu Christian Industrial School by John Langalibalele Dube and his first wife, Nokutela . The school, also known as the Ohlange Native Industrial Institute, was the first educational institution in South Africa to be founded by a black person. The land for the school was donated by Chief Mqhawe of the AmaQadi. John Dube had been in contact with Booker T. Washington and modelled

2160-501: Was renamed the Amanzimtoti Zulu Training School as the Bantu Education Act, 1953 finally came into effect. Bantu Education was a clearly divisive and paternalist racist campaign that was designed to educate black children for their lowly place in society. Academic subjects were not encouraged as this might deny the country the (black) manual labour it required. The school's name returned to "Adams" when Bantu education

2208-438: Was to advocate for societal transformation through nonviolent resistance. The influential newspaper Indian Opinion , which vigorously championed the civil rights of both Indian South Africans and native Africans , was published from this site in four different languages. Even after Gandhi's departure in 1914, Phoenix Settlement continued to be a home for various residents and activists, including his son, Manilal Gandhi . As

2256-497: Was to establish a teacher training centre, which was seen as a female career. Enoch Sontonga 's song, which later became a South African national anthem, became better known after Ohlange Institute's choir used it. They played it at the South African Native National Congress meeting in 1912. It was sung after the closing prayer, and the ANC adopted it as its official closing anthem in 1925. On 27 April 1994, Nelson Mandela cast his vote in his country's first all-race elections at

2304-402: Was to open his own school , his own newspaper and to be the first leader of what was to become the African National Congress . In 1888 Dr. John Mavuma Nembula, a student from Adams, returned to the College from America. He had been sent to America to help with translating a Zulu Bible but he had stayed there and he had become a physician. He was the first Black South African to do this and for

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