Misplaced Pages

#220779

101-411: The band was initially founded in 1878 as a student-led fife and drum corps that provided music for the university ROTC program. In 1896, university officials hired Gustav Bruder as the first band director. Under Bruder's leadership, the band grew in size, and, after merging with the short-lived Varsity Band in 1920, introduced its first drum major, Edwin "Tubby" Essington. In 1928, the band introduced

202-472: A "peeling-off" movement that snakes across the field, forming the letters "OHIO" in cursive. At the climax of this drill maneuver, the drum major leads a sousaphone player to stand as the dot of the "i." Dotting the "i" is considered a high honor, and the privilege is generally bestowed on a senior sousaphone player. There are three versions of Script Ohio: single Script, which is most common, and double Script. The double Script features all marching members of

303-492: A Canadian self-described "Balkan-Klezmer-Gypsy-Punk-Super-Party-Band", features a sousaphone as one of their instruments. Red Baraat , a Brooklyn-based dhol & brass band that fuses North Indian Bhangra with hip-hop, go-go and jazz music, features John Altieri on sousaphone. In Israel there's a growing scene of brass bands that use Sousaphone for the bass function, including acts such as Marsh Dondurma , Las Piratas Piratas and Pam Pah Orkestra . Warren G. Harding ,

404-468: A Michigan Block M, a costumed Jeannie appearing from her magic bottle, costumed Brady Bunch characters in their trademark squares, a fire-breathing dragon, and the Lone Ranger's horse Silver galloping across the field. The show instantly went viral, drawing praise from TV Land and actor Tom Hanks . The second home game featured the annual Alumni Reunion. The largest turnout of band alumni to date prompted

505-409: A back bend, forming their body into the shape of an O. After a dramatic pause, the drum major's plume - or on special occasions, such as before the annual rivalry game against Michigan , the entire top of the drum major's hat - touches the turf, just before the band begins to play two choruses of "Buckeye Battle Cry" while marching toward the south end zone. The drum major reaches the end zone and tosses

606-468: A collapsing building, and Harry Potter on a broomstick chasing a Snitch during a game of Quidditch . The 2014 marching band season was difficult for band members and staff alike, with an interim directing staff and the national spotlight being turned on the program in a negative light due to the release of a report by the University claiming a "sexualized" culture. Many people in the media questioned whether

707-499: A college or university with three (or two) academic years remaining. An applicant for a campus-based scholarship must meet all AROTC administrative and academic requirements as well as have a minimum SAT score of 1000 or ACT score of 19. Once a prospect has shown interest in the AROTC program they can compete in a scholarship board. If the prospect boards well the AROTC program's Professor of Military Science may submit them for selection of

808-586: A combined 56 percent of all active-duty officers in the Department of Defense commissioned that year. Under ROTC, a student may receive a competitive, merit-based scholarship covering all or part of college tuition, textbooks and lab fees, in return for an active-duty service obligation after graduation (or completion of a graduate degree under an approved education delay). ROTC students attend college like other students, but also receive basic military training and officer training for their chosen branch of service through

909-404: A deafening yell of "Whistle!" After the last Ramp cadence, a roll-off is played, while the entire band (except JI Row) performs a conversion step maneuver, and a horns-up. The band proceeds to play the intro of " Buckeye Battle Cry " while marking time. This is followed by the verse, while the band goes into what is referred to as a "half-time step" (mark time); one step per every two beats. During

1010-434: A falling set of Tetris blocks, and an animated galloping figure of Epona . A fan's recording of the performance posted to YouTube the next day soon became a viral video, spread in part through video game fans that were directed to the video. The band's interim director at the time, Jon Waters, had planned for the performance based on the national broadcast of the night game, and that the video game theme would resonate with

1111-424: A large cupped mouthpiece . Unlike the tuba, the instrument is bent in a circle to fit around the body of the musician; it ends in a large, flaring bell that is pointed forward, projecting the sound ahead of the player. Because of the ease of carrying and the direction of sound, it is widely employed in marching bands , as well as various other musical genres . Sousaphones were originally made of brass . Beginning in

SECTION 10

#1732851114221

1212-560: A scholarship. Numerous factors will influence this decision. Typically the summer between the academic junior and senior years of school, Cadets attend Advance Camp at Fort Knox, Kentucky. Here, each cadet would be evaluated on leadership skills. The course was set up for a month of training with other peers and evaluated by Army Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers. Advance Camp is the United States Army's largest training event. The Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) program

1313-525: A senior sousaphone player dots the "i". The Fightin' Texas Aggie Band sousaphone section (called "Bass Horns" within the university) execute a distinct two-step and four-step counter-march during marching performances. During halftime performances this is accompanied (specifically for the last rank consisting all of 12 bass horns) by a "huh! huh!" from the crowd. The University of Delaware Fightin' Blue Hen Marching Band has several traditions involving sousaphone players. During pre-game, they branch off from

1414-471: A song to go along with the football team's opponent of the week. The cheer groups are selected from their respective sections: Trumpet Cheers (the oldest Cheer Group), Flugelhorn Cheers, Trombone Cheers, Horn Cheers, Baritone Cheers, Stadium Brass (an instrument from every part of the band except percussion), Percussion Cheers, and the Tuba-Fours. At some point after these performances, the football team enters to

1515-487: A state of Mexico , has a type of music called Banda Sinaloense , and the sousaphone is used there as a tuba . Damon "Tuba Gooding Jr." Bryson from The Roots played the sousaphone on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon . He now does this for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon . Nat Mcintosh is the sousaphone player and co-founder of Youngblood Brass Band , who play a mixture of traditional New Orleans style brass band music and hip hop. The Lemon Bucket Orkestra ,

1616-516: A summer of military training. In 1916, the provision to formally establish ROTC was advocated to Congress by a delegation from Ohio including William Oxley Thompson , President of the Ohio State University . On February 7, 1916, Ralph D. Mershon , a graduate of Ohio State, testified before the committee as a professional engineer . Present to testify as an advocate of a Reserve Engineers Corps, he expanded his remarks to argue in favor of

1717-555: A survey of 278 then current and recent former band members (see Appendix D). The survey seemed to contradict many of the university's claims about Mr. Waters and the band. Following Waters' firing, OSU alumnus Dr. Christopher Hoch was promoted from interim director. Under Hoch's leadership, the band performed at the 2015 NFL International Series game between the Jacksonville Jaguars and the Buffalo Bills at Wembley Stadium ,

1818-406: A tradition of painting the front surface of their sousaphone bells with a variety of images. Sousaphone players are also known to perform the 'flaming tubas', in which flash paper is ignited in the bell, thus making it appear as if the musician is breathing fire. David Silverman developed a propane powered flaming sousaphone with a trigger valve to control an array of flame jets across the top of

1919-405: A tuba-like instrument that would send sound upward and over the band, much like a concert (upright) tuba. The new instrument had an oversized bell pointing straight up, rather than the directional bell of a normal hélicon. The sousaphone was initially developed as a concert instrument rather than for marching . Sousa wanted the new instrument for the professional band which he started after leaving

2020-659: A twelve-foot frame to extend straight up from the player's shoulders. John Philip Sousa was a benefactor of the University of Illinois music program and a friend of the university's Director of Bands Albert Austin Harding . The Marching Illini became the first band to march in a football halftime show, and were the first band to use sousaphones on the field. The sousaphone sections of some marching bands have developed specialized performance traditions. The University of California Marching Band Bass section traditionally "struts" during

2121-607: A two-month investigation into complaints of a "sexualized" culture amongst band members, Jon Waters was fired by the University. Waters later denied the report's characterizations of the band and of his actions. A second investigation was led by former Ohio Attorney General Betty Montgomery. The Task Force Report, released on November 18, 2014, identified a number of issues within the band, making 37 recommendations for changes, but also criticized Ohio State University for decades of lax oversight and inadequate resources for enforcing compliance. The task force final report included results of

SECTION 20

#1732851114221

2222-500: Is a group of college - and university -based officer-training programs for training commissioned officers of the United States Armed Forces . While ROTC graduate officers serve in all branches of the U.S. military, the U.S. Marine Corps , the U.S. Space Force , and the U.S. Coast Guard do not have their own respective ROTC programs; rather, graduates of Naval ROTC programs have the option to serve as officers in

2323-450: Is a very special (and rare) event. Woody Hayes , Bob Hope , Jack Nicklaus , James "Buster" Douglas , OSU Presidents Novice Fawcett , Gordon Gee and their wives, composer Richard Heine, former OSUMB member and director Paul Droste, retired OSU ticket director Robert Ries, John Glenn and his wife Annie Glenn , The Limited Brands founder, chairman, and CEO Leslie Wexner (an OSU alumnus), and former football coach Earle Bruce are among

2424-400: Is livestreamed on YouTube. The ramp entrance is one of the most highly regarded traditions among band members, and is infamous for being very physically demanding. The ramp entrance starts with around 19:45 remaining on the countdown clock. A short video is shown on the scoreboard prior to the band emerging from the ramp tunnel. At the end of this video, Diamond Ohio appears on the screen. This

2525-455: Is often a visiting Ohio high school band that will play before the Skull Session, as well as a feature during the Skull Session. The OSU Athletic Band also performs at a Skull Session once per season, trading off with the guest high school band. The Athletic Band is run by the same band staff as the marching band, and often has many students who perform in both. Starting in 2021, Skull Session

2626-467: Is required of students attending the senior and junior military colleges. Another major difference between the senior military colleges and civilian colleges is that under federal law, graduates of the SMCs are guaranteed active duty assignments if requested with the approval of the school's professor of military science. The Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (AROTC) program is the largest branch of ROTC, as

2727-410: Is the cue for the percussion section to start down the ramp. The percussion section is the first to march down the ramp, and onto the field; not to cadences, rather, silently, at a precise tempo of 180 beats per minute (bpm), and the snare drums perform a unique arm swing. A series of elaborately timed flanking maneuvers called the "power V" leads JI Row into their file in the block. The "Ramp" cadence

2828-430: Is then played exactly 17 times in a row, also at 180 bpm, as the other rows in the band file down the ramp, onto the field, and into their positions. Once a row is placed, the members mark time until all rows are into position. As the final two rows, T and X file in, their squad leaders nod to the two sousaphone (KL Row) squad leaders, who then sound a loud blast on their whistles. The entire band responds to this call with

2929-640: The Armistice of November 11, 1918 ended the war, the Army's need for more soldiers and officers ended. The SATC was disbanded in December 1918, and its members were honorably discharged from the military. Individuals who served in the Student Army Training Corps included: Sousaphone Plucked The sousaphone ( / ˈ s uː z ə f oʊ n / SOO -zə-fohn ) is a brass musical instrument in

3030-485: The Marines , and this band marched only once. Sousa mainly used sousaphones built by C.   G. Conn. Although less balanced on a player's body than a helicon, because of the large spectacular bell high in the air, the sousaphone retained the tuba-like sound by widening the bore and throat of the instrument significantly. Its upright bell led to the instrument being dubbed a "rain-catcher". Some versions of this design allowed

3131-651: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Texas A&M University . After World War II , the Air Force established ROTC units at 77 colleges and universities throughout the United States. Other national armed forces in countries with strong historical ties to the United States have ROTC programs. Other countries have also institutionalized reservist training programs. Reserve Officer Training in Russia began in

Ohio State University Marching Band - Misplaced Pages Continue

3232-529: The State of Ohio during the inaugurations of Herbert Hoover , Richard Nixon (1969 and 1973), George H. W. Bush , George W. Bush (2001 and 2005), and Barack Obama (2009). In 2006, the Marching Band was featured during a taping of The Daily Show With Jon Stewart . Stewart brought his program to Columbus to spotlight Ohio's 2006 gubernatorial race. The band performed an arrangement of the show's theme music, and

3333-465: The University of Michigan . The September 28, 2013 game against the University of Wisconsin featured a Country and Western themed show which received numerous accolades for a formation of a singing cowboy removing his hat, as well as a steam locomotive racing across the field. For the Homecoming game on October 19 against the University of Iowa , the band performed a tribute to Michael Jackson, featuring

3434-430: The tuba family. Created around 1893 by J. W. Pepper at the direction of American bandleader John Philip Sousa (after whom the instrument was then named), it was designed to be easier to play than the concert tuba while standing or marching, as well as to carry the sound of the instrument above the heads of the band. Like the tuba, sound is produced by moving air past the lips, causing them to vibrate or "buzz" into

3535-447: The "American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy," promoted the idea of "citizen soldiers," men trained to act in a military capacity when their nation required but capable of fulfilling standard civilian functions in peacetime. The Morrill Act of 1862 established land-grant colleges . Part of the federal government's requirement for these schools was that they include military tactics as part of their curriculum. Another root of

3636-558: The "Ohio Plan". Mershon noted: Congress agreed, and the ROTC provision was included in the final version of the National Defense Act of 1916 . The first ROTC unit was at Harvard in 1916. Over 5,000 men arrived at Plattsburgh, New York , in May 1917 for the first of the officer training camps. By the end of 1917, over 17,000 men had been trained. By the eve of its entry into World War I ,

3737-474: The "i" during a game where the OSUMB performed Script Ohio twice. The first Script Ohio of that game in its traditional pregame spot featured senior sousaphone player Jonathan Lampley dotting the "i". Woods dotted the "i" in a special second performance of Script Ohio during halftime. Although not the famous Script Ohio formation, John Glenn and his wife Annie Glenn returned to Ohio Stadium on September 22, 2012, to dot

3838-402: The "i" in the word America during a NASA-themed halftime show paying tribute to Glenn's NASA accomplishments and time as an Ohio senator. The Diamond Ohio logo, which is created by superimposing the I over the center of the H, and making the O's into pointed triangles, was first created by the OSUMB in the late 1930s. The band continues to use this formation today at every home football game as

3939-559: The 1920s. Brazil has had the CPOR and the NPOR since 1928, the difference being that officers trained by the CPOR choose their area of specialization, while officers trained by the NPOR learn from their local army base. During World War I, the United States created the Student Army Training Corps in an effort to encourage young men to simultaneously receive a college education and train for the military. Students were authorized to participate beginning in

4040-407: The 1920s. From the mid-1930s onward, sousaphone bells have been standardized at a diameter of 26 inches (660 mm). Some larger sousaphones (Monster, Grand, Jumbo, Giant or Grand Jumbo, depending on brand) were produced in limited quantities. The sousaphone is a valved brass instrument with the same tube length and musical range as other tubas. The sousaphone's shape is such that the bell is above

4141-548: The 2014 band would be able to continue to impress audiences without the leadership of Jon Waters. The band took to the field in Baltimore for the season opener against the United States Naval Academy . This condensed show featured much more traditional military-band style symmetrical drill that emphasized precision. The band also created an image of soldiers marching with a Civil War regimental flag. The band also played

Ohio State University Marching Band - Misplaced Pages Continue

4242-545: The 2018 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade and the 2019 and 2022 Rose Bowls . The Script Ohio concept was developed and first performed by the Michigan Band in 1932 . First performed by the OSUMB in 1936, Script Ohio is one of the signatures of the Ohio State University Marching Band. The band begins in a "Block O" formation. Then, to the tune of " Le Regiment de Sambre et Meuse ", the drum major leads

4343-531: The Army is the largest branch of the military. There are over 20,000 ROTC cadets in 273 ROTC programs at major universities throughout the United States . These schools are categorized as Military Colleges (MC), Military Junior Colleges (MJC) and Civilian Colleges (CC). Army ROTC provides the majority of the Army's officer corps; the remainder comes from West Point , Officer Candidate School (OCS) , or direct commissions . AROTC offers scholarships based on

4444-598: The Marine Corps contingent on meeting Marine Corps requirements. Graduates of Air Force ROTC also have the option to be commissioned in the Space Force as a Space Operations Officer. In 2020, ROTC graduates constituted 70 percent of newly commissioned active-duty U.S. Army officers, 83 percent of newly commissioned U.S. Marine Corps officers (through NROTC), 61 percent of newly commissioned U.S. Navy officers and 63 percent of newly commissioned U.S. Air Force officers, for

4545-646: The Marine Corps. Marine NROTC students may be formed in a separate company when the program includes sufficient numbers. All Naval ROTC students are referred to as midshipmen. Some of the summer training that is offered to cadets in the Army ROTC program are: Airborne, Air Assault, Mountain Warfare, WHINSEC and other related schools. In addition to their mandatory 20 day Field Training (FT) at Maxwell AFB , Alabama, typically between their sophomore and junior year. Air Force ROTC cadets are also eligible for Airborne training under

4646-565: The Navy service song and formed a floating anchor, a formation first performed by the OSUMB in 1934, also at a game versus the Naval Academy in Baltimore. This show ended with a double Script Ohio. The show was well received by fans from both schools and was featured in national headlines for being the first performance of the band since the termination of their director. For the first home game of 2014,

4747-563: The OSU Gospel Voices choir for "Man in the Mirror". During the show, band members performed individual moonwalks , and also created an image of Michael Jackson performing a Moonwalk across the field, complete with sequined glove. This tribute has been seen on YouTube by well over 8 million people, and was featured on many television programs and newspapers. The performance even attracted the attention of Katherine Jackson , Michael's mother. She

4848-557: The ROTC unit at or nearby the college. The students participate in regular drills during the school year and off-campus training opportunities during the summer. Army ROTC units are organized as brigades, battalions and companies. Air Force ROTC units are detachments with the students organized into wings, groups, squadrons and flights. Army and Air Force ROTC students are referred to as cadets. Naval ROTC units are organized as battalions and also include NROTC students under "Marine Option" who will eventually be commissioned as officers in

4949-487: The Ramp Entrance, which survives virtually unchanged today. That same year, Eugene J. Weigel became band director. During his tenure, Weigel introduced many of the hallmarks of the OSUMB, including floating and animated formations, the uniforms, and Script Ohio. Weigel also established the size of the band at 120 members and introduced the distinctive all-brass and percussion instrumentation of the ensemble in 1934. In 1952,

5050-542: The Team) Across the Field" first softly and slowly, and on the repeat of the chorus, at the well-known tempo and dynamics. The band is also known for performing " Eternal Father, Strong to Save ", otherwise known as "The Navy Hymn", to formally begin every Skull Session concert. If a visiting band is in attendance, they will perform their pre-game and halftime show, followed by the OSUMB's performance of pre-game and halftime. There

5151-770: The U.S. had a prepared corps of officers including one of the earliest Plattsburgh graduates, Theodore Roosevelt Jr. The National Defense Act of 1920 ramped up ROTC, and by 1928, units had been established at 225 colleges and universities, including all of the Morrill Act land-grant colleges. They were commissioning 6,000 reserve second lieutenants per year. During the 1930s, there were junior ROTC programs in some larger city high schools, such as in Memphis, Tennessee , Charlotte, North Carolina , Kansas City, Missouri , and New Orleans, Louisiana . The ROTC produced over 100,000 officers during World War II, and tens of thousands more after

SECTION 50

#1732851114221

5252-401: The United States military from disclosing their sexual orientation at the risk of expulsion. Some schools believed this legal mandate would require them to waive or amend their non-discrimination policies. In recent years, concerted efforts are being made at some Ivy League universities that have previously banned ROTC (including Columbia ) to return ROTC to campus. The Harvard ROTC program

5353-475: The band in performance of the Diamond Ohio as far back as 1939. The first Skull Session held at St. John Arena was in 1957. Prior to this, Skull Session was nothing more than a final run through of the music on the morning of the game. Originally, these were closed rehearsals that the band eventually opened up to friends and family members. Each week, more and more people showed up to hear the band rehearse that

5454-399: The band performed a tribute to classic television shows titled "TV Land, Too!", with music from Dragnet , The Simpsons , The Addams Family , M*A*S*H , I Dream of Jeannie , The Office , Game of Thrones , Hawaii Five-O , The Brady Bunch , and The Lone Ranger . Drill selections included Bart Simpson on a skateboard, Thing waving to the audience, a helicopter blowing up

5555-450: The band split from the ROTC and came under the auspices of the School of Music. As a result, the band began to experiment with more modern styles of music, eventually leading to the introduction of the band's arrangement of " Hang On, Sloopy " in 1965. In 1957, director Jack Evans moved the band's pregame rehearsal to the newly-built St. John Arena . Over time, this pregame rehearsal evolved into

5656-538: The band staff to feature both bands on the field for a substantial portion of the show. The show theme was D-Day, celebrating the 70th anniversary of the U.S. invasion of Normandy . Selections included "This is My Country", "American Patrol", a medley of military service songs, and "America the Beautiful". The band formed an animation of the famous image of a sailor kissing a woman in New York City upon returning home from

5757-643: The band's pregame show. During the "strut" the section separates from the rest of the band, circles the North goal post, and rejoins the band to complete the Script Cal. The University of Southern California Trojan Marching Band sousaphones play John Williams ' " Imperial March " from Star Wars in single file when crossing streets on their way to and from performances on the USC campus. When The Ohio State University Marching Band performs its traditional Script Ohio formation,

5858-492: The band, including alternates, and is made up of condensed versions of the single Script that are performed to both sides of the field. Performances of the double Script are usually reserved for away or bowl games. The third version, quadruple Script, is performed once a year with the Alumni Band during halftime of the Homecoming game. "Dotting the 'i'" is considered the greatest honor the band can bestow to any non-band member and

5959-651: The baton over the goal post as the band finishes the downfield march. Orlas King (1942-2004), also known as the Neutron Man , would burst into original dances whenever the band played the Pointer Sisters ' " Neutron Dance ". The Ohio State University Marching Band has been honored with The Sudler Trophy for outstanding college band, and in 1988 was featured in a multi-page article in USA Today . The band has also performed in seven Inaugural Parades . The band represented

6060-452: The bell of his horn. The Yale Precision Marching Band has made a tradition of setting fire to the tops of the bells of their sousaphones, including in the fall of 1992 when sousaphones served as the "candles" of a "wedding cake" formed by the band when two band alumni were married during a halftime show. They also utilize what they refer to as the "Überphone", a sousaphone that was disassembled from its coiled format and welded back together on

6161-561: The bell to also rotate forward, projecting the sound to the front of the band. This bell configuration remained the standard for several decades and is the standard today. The instrument proved practical for marching, and by 1908 the United States Marine Band adopted it. Versions with the characteristic extra 90° bend making a forward-facing bell were developed in the early 1900s. Early sousaphones had 22-inch-diameter (560 mm) bells, with 24-inch (610 mm) bells popular in

SECTION 60

#1732851114221

6262-482: The college students that had grown up with the games. With the widespread attention to the performance, the school promoted Waters from interim to permanent band director. The show for the September 7, 2013 game against San Diego State University , put together on four days' notice, featured music from television game shows The Price Is Right , Family Feud , Jeopardy! , and Wheel of Fortune , as well as jabs at

6363-454: The completion of the verse, the band proceeds to march southward down the field to two choruses of Buckeye Battle Cry. The band then executes a "halt, kick, down", followed by a "step-forward about-face". At this point, the Drum Major runs back through the band, blowing a short whistle to the lead snare drummer, who initiates a roll-off to begin the rest of the pregame show, which includes playing

6464-432: The director, Jack Evans, decided to move the rehearsal to St. John Arena across the street. Today, upwards of 14,000 people pack St. John Arena every home game to see the band and football team. Many of these people do not even have tickets to the game, yet travel hours just for a chance to see and hear the band. During the Skull Session, fans are treated to a variety of activities. Each week the band's "cheer groups" perform

6565-408: The false-tone resonances on their sousaphones because these notes reside in the sub-contra register, which is nearly impossible for most beginners to access. Some professionals develop a "raised embouchure" to securely play these notes. This is where either the upper or lower lip (depending on the player) takes up most of the mouthpiece area. The embouchure provides almost twice the room for vibration of

6666-642: The first College Football Playoff National Championship , with Ohio State defeating Oregon 42-20. In 2018, the band represented the state of Ohio in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade . The band has also appeared in the Rose Parade and at the Rose Bowl Game 15 times, with its most recent appearance in 2022. Reserve Officers%27 Training Corps The Reserve Officers' Training Corps ( ROTC ; / ˈ r ɒ t s iː / or / ˌ ɑːr oʊ t iː ˈ s iː / )

6767-506: The first time. The band would further expand to 225 members shortly thereafter. Dr. Jon Woods began his tenure as director in 1984. Under his leadership, the band was awarded the Sudler Trophy . In 2001, the band moved from its longtime rehearsal hall inside Ohio Stadium to the newly built Steinbrenner Band Center. In the 2010s, the band added three percussion spots, coming to its current size of 228. The band made national headlines in

6868-588: The following requirements: The applicant must agree to accept a commission and serve in the Army on active duty or in a reserve component (U.S. Army Reserve or Army National Guard). The four-year scholarship is for students who receive it out of high school or before entering college. The four-year scholarship can be extended with the same conditions to a 5-year scholarship if the major is in Engineering. Campus-based three-year, two-and-a-half-year, and two-year scholarships are available for students already enrolled in

6969-418: The key of BB ♭ (Low B Flat) and like tubas (which are commonly made in pitches of BB ♭ , CC, EE ♭ , and F) the instrument's part is written in " concert pitch ", not transposed by key for a specific instrument. Although sousaphones may have a more restricted range than their concert tuba counterpart (most sousaphones have 3 valves instead of 4 to reduce weight), generally they can all play

7070-454: The late 1920s and also still in production as model 2350. Historically, Holton , York and Martin sousaphones have also been considered fine horns. Very large bore (>= 0.750 inch) sousaphones, with oversized bells as large as 32 inches (81 cm) in diameter, were made by Conn ("Grand Jumbo" [46K (3-valve) & 48K (4-valve)]) and King ("Jumbo" [1265 (3- & 4-valve versions)] & "Giant" [1270 (3-valve) & 1271 (4-valve)]) in

7171-494: The late 2000s, and Dynasty USA makes a four-valve BB ♭ sousaphone as well. Criticisms of the fourth valve on a sousaphone center on additional weight, although the fourth valve improves intonation and facilitates playing of the lower register. Due to the large size of most sousaphones, the sub-contra register (for which the fourth valve is largely intended) is already covered by alternate resonances, known as "false tones" (see Tuba article). Many beginners are not aware of

7272-1036: The mid-1920s and 1930s, and by Martin, York, & Buescher , but they disappeared from the catalogs during the Depression or at the onset of World War II . Because of their weight and cost, few were made and even fewer survive, especially the 4-valve models. Since 1961, sousaphones have been available made of fiberglass reinforced plastics instead of brass; RMC-Reynolds announced their new 18-pound instrument that year (branded as "Reynolds" or "Martin") and Conn's 16-3/4-pound 36K debuted soon thereafter. King first advertised its new 18-1/2 pound "1280" model in 1964, as did Holton with its FG-122 and Selmer with its Buescher-division instrument. Olds first advertised its fiberglass instrument in 1966. The fiberglass versions are used mainly for marching, with brass instruments being used for all other situations. Fiberglass sousaphones can be found commonly in younger marching bands, such as middle schools, due to their lighter weight. Depending on

7373-500: The mid-20th century, some sousaphones have also been made of lighter materials, such as fiberglass and plastic. The first sousaphone was built by James Walsh Pepper in 1893 at the request of John Philip Sousa , who was dissatisfied with the hélicons in use by the United States Marine Band . Some sources credit C. G. Conn with its construction, because of the first sousaphone he built later in 1898. Sousa wanted

7474-731: The model, the fiberglass version does not have as dark and rich a tone as the brass (King fiberglass sousaphones tended to have smooth fiberglass and a tone somewhat more like a brass sousaphone; Conn fiberglass sousaphones often had rough fiberglass exteriors and a thinner sound; the Conn is also lighter). In the 1920s and 1930s, four-valved sousaphones were often used by professional players, especially E ♭ sousaphones; today, however, four-valved B ♭ sousaphones are uncommon and are prized by collectors, especially those made by Conn, King (H.   N. White), and Holton. Jupiter Company started production of four-valve BB ♭ sousaphones in

7575-462: The modern ROTC program comes from the "Plattsburg Idea". In 1915, Major General Leonard Wood instituted the Citizen's Military Training Camps (not to be confused with the later CMTC ), the first series of training camps to make officers out of civilians. For the first time in history, an attempt was made to provide a condensed course of training and commissioning competent reserve line officers after only

7676-410: The mouthpiece accessible to players of different height or body shapes, most sousaphones contain a detachable tubing gooseneck which arises from the lead pipe on the upwind side of the valves. One or two slightly-angled bit(s) (short tubing lengths) are inserted into the gooseneck, and then the mouthpiece is inserted into the terminal bit. This arrangement may be adjusted in height and yaw angle to place

7777-512: The mouthpiece comfortably at the player's lips. Most sousaphones are manufactured from sheet brass , usually yellow or silver, with silver, lacquer, and gold plating options, much like many brass instruments. However, the sousaphone (uniquely) is also commonly seen manufactured from fiberglass , due to its lower cost, greater durability, and significantly lighter weight. The weight of a sousaphone can be between 18 pounds (8 kg) and 50 pounds (23 kg). Most modern sousaphones are made in

7878-650: The rest of the band. From here, the sousaphone players run in a snake around the field jumping to drum line cadence. At most pre-games they act out a skit as well. At post game, " In My Life " by The Beatles is played featuring a sousaphone solo while the band sings. The sousaphone is an important fixture of the New Orleans brass band tradition and is still used in groups such as the Dirty Dozen Brass Band by Kirk Joseph . Soul Rebels Brass Band from New Orleans features sousaphone player Edward Lee Jr. Sinaloa ,

7979-509: The same music and usually have parts written in the bass clef and the indicated octave is played (unlike double bass or electric bass that sound an octave lower than the indicated note). Many older sousaphones were pitched in the key of E ♭ , but current production of sousaphones in that key is limited. Although most major instrument manufacturers have made, and many continue to make, sousaphones, Conn and King (H.   N. White) instruments are generally agreed among players to be

8080-427: The select few non-band members who have had the honor of dotting the "i". The fourth- or fifth-year sousaphone player selected to dot the "i" for that specific game must give up their spot in order for an honorary member to dot the "i". On November 19, 2011, Jon Woods, the marching band's director for the previous 28 years, dotted the "i" in his final home game directing the band, becoming the only non-band member to dot

8181-448: The single lip (compared to the 50–50 embouchure). Asian sousaphones made in China and India are gaining popularity in the street band market. In Switzerland and Southern Germany, " Guggenmusik " bands often use these instruments that provide great display and passable tone. Most are tuned in E ♭ . Brands like Zweiss with older British designs make affordable sousaphones that have broken

8282-448: The sounds of James Swearingen's "Fanfare for a New Era". Immediately after their entrance a pre-selected senior football player speaks to the band and fans in St. John Arena followed by the head coach. The team then exits to the sounds of "Hang On, Sloopy!" Upon the football team's exit, the band commences with the traditions associated with the Skull Session. This includes performance of "(Fight

8383-415: The standards against which other sousaphones are judged for tone quality and playability. Perhaps the most highly regarded sousaphone ever built is the 0.734-inch-bore (18.6 mm) Conn model 20K, introduced in the mid-1930s and still in production. Some players, especially those who find the 20K too heavy for marching, prefer the slightly smaller 0.687-inch-bore (17.4 mm) King model 1250, first made in

8484-460: The summer of 1917, and training camps were held in the summer of 1918. Enrollment in the SATC was voluntary, and 525 universities enrolled 200,000 total students on October 1, 1918, the first day SATC units were authorized to formally organize on college campuses. Students who joined the SATC received the rank of private in the army, and some advanced to leadership roles including sergeant . When

8585-600: The summer of 2014 following the release of an internal investigation into the band's culture and reported incidents of hazing. On July 22, 2014, Ohio State University released an investigation report titled "Complaint against Jonathan Waters, Director of the OSU Marching Band." In the report, the university's Office of Compliance and Integrity found that the band's "culture facilitated acts of sexual harassment" and that then-director Jon Waters knew or reasonably should have known about this culture." On July 24, 2014, following

8686-435: The team entrance tunnel. The Ohio University Marching 110 has also used the Diamond Ohio logo since 1966 when director Gene Thrailkill designed a pregame set modeled after the Ohio State University Marching Band to give the newly reformed Marching 110 a symbol. Photographs show former OSUMB director Manley Whitcomb (1939-1942, 1946-1951) charting this formation on a table lined with field markings, and other photographs depict

8787-414: The time of enrollment in the program. Newly graduated seniors in high school can enter the program with a full four-year scholarship while college students can enroll later and earn a scholarship that would cover the remainder of their college career. The two-year scholarship is available for students with two academic years of college remaining. An applicant for a two-year or four-year scholarship must meet

8888-405: The traditional Skull Session that occurs before each home game. Also during this period, Dr. Charles Spohn introduced the annual Alumni Reunion, which was first held in 1966 and continues to this day. Dr. Paul Droste became band director in 1970, and began to expand the band for the first time in over 40 years in 1972. After the passing of Title IX legislation in 1973, women joined the band for

8989-418: The tuba and sousaphone are semi-conical brass instruments. No valved brass instrument can be entirely conical, since the middle section containing the valves must be cylindrical. While the degree of bore conicity does affect the timbre of the instrument, much as in a cornet and trumpet , or a euphonium and a trombone , the bore profile of a sousaphone is similar to that of most tubas. To facilitate making

9090-624: The tubist's head and projecting forward. The valves are situated directly in front of the musician slightly above the waist and all of the weight rests on the left shoulder. The bell is normally detachable from the instrument body to facilitate transportation and storage. Except for the instrument's general shape and appearance, the sousaphone is technically similar to a tuba. For simplicity and light weight, modern sousaphones almost always use three non-compensating piston valves in their construction, in direct contrast to their concert counterparts' large variation in number, type, and orientation. Both

9191-512: The tutelage of the Army at Fort Moore , Georgia. Naval ROTC midshipmen will participate in summer cruise programs every summer, either afloat or ashore, similar to their U.S. Naval Academy midshipmen counterparts. The concept of ROTC in the United States was created by the founder of Norwich University , Alden Partridge , who was a former United States Military Academy instructor. Partridge, who founded Norwich in Northfield, Vermont in 1819 as

9292-413: The verse, a member's leg lift (completion of a full chair step) is crucial for a clean and precise look. Also, during the verse, KL Row performs a special horn flash in which they tilt their bells slightly back, and swing their entire upper body, including their horn, to the tempo of their step. The KL row horn flash is based on the horn swing that OSUMB sousaphones did while marching until the 1970s. After

9393-454: The visiting team's fight song, Script Ohio, Carmen Ohio , and The Star-Spangled Banner , which is typically conducted by the visiting band's director, or a staff member of the OSU School of Music. During the introduction and verse of "Buckeye Battle Cry", the drum major enters the stadium running down the ramp, then struts through the band and comes to the front of the ranks where they execute

9494-488: The war from students studying at qualifying universities under the G.I. Bill. Until the 1960s, many major universities required compulsory participation in ROTC for all of their male students. However, because of the protests that culminated in the opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War , compulsory ROTC was dropped in favor of voluntary programs. In some places ROTC was expelled from campus altogether, although it

9595-517: The war, an army tank, ship anchor, the planting of the American flag on Iwo Jima , a classic twin engine bomber aircraft, and a coast guard boat. The nearly 800 band alumni framed the current band during most of their formations. This show also received national acclaim, particularly for its proximity to the anniversary of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks . Later that year, the band would perform at

9696-434: The €500 barrier. These are mostly in the medium-bell size of 23 inches (580 mm). Chinese brands are mostly reverse-engineered models and quite passable. In large marching bands of the United States, the bell is often covered with a tight fitting cloth, called a sock, which enables the sousaphone section to spell out the school's name, initials, or mascot. The Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band Tööbz! have

9797-577: Was always possible to participate in off-campus ROTC. By the early 1980s, there was noticeably less resentment of the military on campus, as students' feelings about Vietnam became less vivid. As of 2021, more than 1,700 high schools have Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) programs. In the 21st century, the debate often focused around the Congressional don't ask, don't tell law, signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1993 and in force until 2011, which forbade homosexuals serving in

9898-543: Was featured during the closing segment known as the "Moment of Zen". During the October 6, 2012 football game between the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and Ohio State , the Band performed a tribute to video games, containing music from games such as Pokémon , Super Mario Bros. , Halo , Tetris , Pac-Man and The Legend of Zelda . During the performance, the band executed formations based on these video games, including

9999-460: Was founded in 1926 and the U.S. Marine Corps joined the program in 1932. The naval NROTC program is offered at over 150 colleges nationwide. The first Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (then Air ROTC) units were established between 1920 and 1923 at the University of California, Berkeley , the Georgia Institute of Technology , the University of Illinois , the University of Washington ,

10100-513: Was quoted as being very thankful and gracious for the band's performance of Michael's music. However, the accolades did not stop there. With four days of preparation, the band performed a movie-themed halftime show at the October 26 game against Pennsylvania State University . This performance featured music from Superman, Harry Potter, Jurassic Park, and Pirates of the Caribbean. Formations performed included an image of Superman righting and steadying

10201-540: Was reinstated effective March 4, 2011 following enactment of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 . Under current law, there are three types of ROTC programs administered, each with a different element. One difference between civilian colleges and the senior or junior military colleges is enrollment option in ROTC. ROTC is voluntary for students attending civilian colleges and universities. However, with few exceptions (as outlined in both Army regulations and federal law) it

#220779