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#864135

23-404: The portion geest in the name refers to the geest lands , which were excavated in the seventeenth century for the benefit of the urban expansion of Leiden . There exists more uncertainty about the 'Oegst' part. There are various stories. The name was formerly often spelled Oestgeest or Oostgeest , which could indicate the geographical location of the village: east of the geest lands. However,

46-601: A sandur (plural: sandurs ), sandr or sandar , is a plain formed of glaciofluvial deposits due to meltwater outwash at the terminus of a glacier . As it flows, the glacier grinds the underlying rock surface and carries the debris along. The meltwater at the snout of the glacier deposits its load of sediment over the outwash plain, with larger boulders being deposited near the terminal moraine , and smaller particles travelling further before being deposited. Sandurs are common in Iceland where geothermal activity accelerates

69-465: A broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. An outwash plain might contain surficial braided stream complexes that rework the original deposits. They may also contain kettle lakes , locations where blocks of ice have melted, leaving

92-463: A century, which carry down large volumes of sediment. The Gaspé Peninsula that makes up the essential part of southern Quebec (Lower St-Lawrence and Gaspé areas) also contains several examples of paleo-sandar, dating from the Pleistocene ice melt. One of the sandurs from which the general name is derived is Skeiðarársandur , a broad sandy wasteland along Iceland's south-eastern coast, between

115-485: A depression that fills with water. The flow pattern of glacial rivers across sandar is typically diffuse and unchannelized, but in situations where the glacial snout has retreated from the terminal moraine , the flow is more channelized. Sandurs are most common in Iceland, where geothermal activity beneath ice caps speeds up the deposition of sediment by meltwater. As well as regular geothermal activity, volcanic activity gives rise to large glacial bursts several times

138-460: Is an Old Drift landscape, characterised by the sandy depositions of the Ice Age . In the depressions between the raised flats are wet meadows and, where drainage is poor, bogs . Geest lands are made up of moraines and sandurs . They are almost always next to flat marshlands , the geest being higher and better protected against flood but, compared to the marsh, with poor soil for agriculture. Where

161-549: Is water. Oegstgeest lies just to the north of Leiden , with which it is conjoined in a conurbation and formed the Leiden region. Oegstgeest is a separate municipality, but it is effectively a suburb of Leiden. The municipality of Katwijk is to the west, the municipality of Teylingen to the north, the Kaag Lakes ( Kagerplassen ) to the northeast and Leiderdorp to the east. Oegstgeest has 2 football clubs: FC Oegstgeest and ASC . At

184-430: Is where some of the highest level of sediment deposit occurred and also where the largest erosion happened afterward. This indicates that these massive jökulhlaup deposits may have a large geomorphic impact in the short term, but the net change on the surface relief could be minimal after a couple of years to a decade. The observed change of Skeiðarársandur from a diffuse to a channelized distributary system where it has

207-593: The Grímsvötn volcano, with peak flow estimated to be 50,000 m /s (1,800,000 cu ft/s) compared to the normal summer peak flow of 200 to 400 m /s (7,100–14,100 cu ft/s). Net deposition of sediment was estimated to be 12,800,000 m (450,000,000 cu ft). The main braided channels of Skeiðarársandur are the Gígjukvísl and Skeiðará rivers, which incurred net gains of 29 and 24 cm (11.4 and 9.4 in) respectively during

230-557: The Vatnajökull icecap and the sea. Volcanic eruptions under the icecap have given rise to many large glacial bursts ( jökulhlaups in Icelandic ), most recently in 1996, when the Ring Road was washed away (minor floods have also occurred since then). This road, which encircles Iceland and was completed in 1974, has since been repaired. The 1996 jökulhlaup was caused by the eruption of

253-526: The 1996 jökulhlaup, nearly half of the net gain had been eroded 4 years after the flood. These two rivers on the sandur display drastically different erosional patterns. The difference in sediment erosion can be attributed to the 2 km (1.2 mi) wide trench near the terminus where the Gígjukvísl flows, in contrast with the Skeiðará , which has braided flows directly onto the outwash plain. The Gígjukvísl river

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276-406: The 1996 jökulhlaup. In the Gígjukvísl there was massive sediment deposition of up to 12 m (39 ft), which occurred closest to the terminus of the glacier. The erosional patterns of Skeiðarársandur can be seen by looking at the centimetre-scale elevation differences measured with repeat-pass laser altimetry ( LIDAR ) flown in 1996 (pre-flood), 1997, and 2001. Of the overall deposition during

299-470: The coast. Evidence of a Batavian settlement from the second century was found in 1946 in an extension of a coastal dune in the Elgeesterpolder, although it is not certain whether this location remained permanently inhabited in the centuries after that. By the 9th century, there was already a little church in the same location as the current Little Green Church ( Groen Kerkje ) which, according to legend,

322-579: The geest borders the sea directly, sand cliffs exist. The oldest settlements in Northern Germany and Denmark lie on geest, since it provided better protection against storm floods . Many important towns are on the boundary between geest and marshland where people could enjoy the flood-protection of the geest but still use the much more fertile soil in the marsh. Examples of regions characterised by geest are: Outwash plain An outwash plain , also called

345-437: The latter cricket is also played. FIKS is the local korfball team. At LOHC hockey is played and the neighbouring OLTC (founded 1886) is the tennis club of the municipality. Oegstgeest has one volleyball club called VCO. Geest Geest ( German pronunciation: [ɡeːst] , Dutch : geestgrond [ˈɣeːstxrɔnt] , Danish : gest [ˈke̝ˀst] ) is a type of landform , slightly raised above

368-421: The melting of ice flows and the deposition of sediment by meltwater. Sandurs are found in glaciated areas, such as Svalbard , Kerguelen Islands , and Iceland . Glaciers and icecaps contain large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as they erode the underlying rocks when they move slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on

391-450: The most observed sediment deposit has a significant impact on the development of the fluvial succession in the proximal zone. However, in order to have sustained active accretion across the entire sandur there needs to be a diffuse, multipoint distribution system. The system of accumulation on Skeiðarársandur , which is a product of glacier retreat, can be seen as multiple regions of differing channel patterns that distribute sediment across

414-728: The oldest spelling found in a copy of a list of goods of the St. Martin's Cathedral in Utrecht from the tenth century states Osgeresgeest . This could indicate an original resident and owner of the territory: Osger. In the Middle Ages they also spoke of the Church of Kerckwerve if one referred to the Oegstgeester parish church (now the Green Church). Oegstgeest is one of the earliest inhabited places along

437-527: The plain in dynamic configurations. Fossil sandar (i.e. no longer active) are found in areas which were formerly glaciated. An example would be the Usk Valley of South Wales where, towards the end of the last ice age , the receding Usk valley glacier left behind a series of recessional moraines and sandar deposits down-valley of them. Many of the sandar surfaces are still visible, albeit degraded over succeeding millennia. Extensive sandar are also recorded in

460-535: The required taxes to the Count of Holland. Until the 19th century the boundary of Oegstgeest extended right to the city walls and moats of Leiden. But in the 19th and 20th century, it conceded more and more of its territory to the rapidly expanding city of Leiden. Before the early 20th century, Oegstgeest had a rural character and did not have a centre of population. It consisted of several unconnected smaller settlements. Only after 1900 were new neighbourhoods built between

483-615: The settlements. First Wilhelminapark was built, followed by Prins Hendrikpark (circa 1915), Buitenlust or Indische Buurt (1925), Julianapark, Oranjepark, and Emmapark (1920-1950), and Grunerie and the area between Emmalaan and Lange Voort (1950s). In the 1980s and 1990s, the Haaswijk and Morsebel neighbourhoods were built, followed by Poelgeest in the 2000s. In 2006 construction started on a new neighbourhood, Nieuw Rhijngeest. The municipality of Oegstgeest covers an area of 7.97 km (3.08 sq mi) of which 0.66 km (0.25 sq mi)

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506-587: The surrounding countryside, that occurs on the plains of Northern Germany , the Northern Netherlands and Denmark . It is a landscape of sandy and gravelly soils formed as a glacial outwash plain and now usually mantled by a heathland vegetation on the glacial deposits left behind after the last ice age during the Pleistocene epoch. The term geest is a substantivisation of the Low German adjective güst , which means "dry and infertile". It

529-502: Was dedicated by Willibrord . The existence of this church is an indication that there may have been a community there. From the 11th to the 14th century, Oegstgeest enjoyed a period of progress. This ended when Leiden was granted city rights. The carrying out of trades and construction were no longer permitted within a certain distance from the city. In 1399, the heerlijkheid of Oegstgeest and that of Poelgeest were merged because their declining populations could no longer afford to pay

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