Odesa Railways is a rail operator in Ukraine . It is a territorial branch company of Ukrainian Railways .
26-487: It lies on the territory of six Oblasts of Ukraine : Odesa , Mykolaiv , Kherson , Cherkasy , Kirovohrad and Vinnytsia . Odesa railways account for about 20% of freight and more than 16% of passenger traffic of Railways of Ukraine . In the region of Odesa Railways there are large sea and river ports, which ensure high traffic load. The first section of the Odesa railways (length 222,52 miles) from Odesa to Birsoy with
52-482: A process of replacing Soviet toponyms . As the names of the oblasts are mentioned in the Ukrainian constitution, changing them requires a complicated and lengthy process, thus as of 2024, the two oblasts still formally retain their Soviet-era names. According to the Ukrainian constitution, Ukraine is divided into 24 oblasts. However, the majority of four oblasts are under Russian occupation. These oblasts are written in
78-504: A branch from Rozdilna to Kuchurhan and with a branch to the quarantine wharf entered into force on 3 December 1865. For the next 13 years, the Odesa railways existed as an independent mechanism, and then became part of the joint stock company Southwestern Railways . First Odesa railway station was near the Alexis area. Sergei Witte and Odesa entrepreneurs have shown interest in the organization of freight traffic between major enterprises of
104-615: A completely different administrative division, see Reichskommissariat Ukraine . With the re-establishing of Soviet power in the state after the war, the administrative division by oblast resumed, adding one more oblast— Zakarpattia . In 1954, the Crimean Oblast was transferred from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian SSR; parts of the surrounding oblasts were incorporated into
130-606: A unitary state. The specific text of the constitution that refers to the territorial structure is as follows. The territorial structure of Ukraine is based on the principles of unity and indivisibility of the state territory, the combination of centralisation and decentralisation in the exercise of state power, and the balanced socio-economic development of regions that takes into account their historical, economic, ecological, geographical and demographic characteristics, and ethnic and cultural traditions. Each of Ukraine's oblasts has its own legislative and executive authority, most of which
156-484: A vast hive of narrow gauge Railways of Vinnytsia . Then begins the construction of a branch line to service the Balts. Due to the difficult terrain the railroad was constructed a few kilometers South of the city, and around the station Balta rose village belino. Building a direct road connection between the city and the station required a large volume of earthworks. It was conducted a few years and for Oceania investment travel on
182-504: Is 39.9% of the total length of the railway). Stops passenger traffic on the branch Baraboi — Ovidiopol . After the completion of the electrification of the Odesa site begins mass write locomotives M62. Oblasts of Ukraine An oblast ( Ukrainian : область , romanized : oblast , pronounced [ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ] ; pl. області , oblasti ) in Ukraine , sometimes translated as region or province ,
208-506: Is also called Poltavshchyna ( Ukrainian : Полтавщина ). Exceptions to this rule include two oblasts, Volyn and Zakarpattia, which retain the names of their respective historical regions, Volyn ( Volhynia ) and Zakarpattia ( Transcarpathia ), whose respective capitals are Lutsk and Uzhhorod . The capital cities of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and Kirovohrad Oblast were renamed to Dnipro and Kropyvnytskyi in 2016 as part of
234-511: Is exercised by local elected administrations. The heads of local administrations are in turn appointed and dismissed by the President of Ukraine upon nomination by the Cabinet of Ministers . Since Ukraine is a unitary state, there is little true political power and weight that these local administrations actually hold. Carrying out their authority, the heads of local administrations are accountable to
260-445: Is required to make amendments. This means that the sub-national units have a right to existence and powers that cannot be unilaterally changed by the central government. Italics : States with limited recognition from other sovereign states or intergovernmental organizations . The United Kingdom is an example of a unitary state. Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland have a degree of autonomous devolved power, but such power
286-502: Is subordinate to the central government authorities in Kyiv. Each region is administered under laws passed by the Ukrainian government and the Constitution of Ukraine. Each region levies its own taxes and, in return, receives a portion of its budget from Kyiv, which gives them a portion of the taxes it levies. Executive power in each of the oblasts (as well as in other subdivisions of Ukraine)
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#1732845404522312-478: Is the main type of first-level administrative division of the country. Ukraine's territory is divided into 24 oblasts, as well as one autonomous republic and two cities with special status . Ukraine is a unitary state , thus the oblasts do not have much legal scope of competence other than that which is established in the Ukrainian Constitution and devolved by law. Articles 140–146 of Chapter XI of
338-567: The Cherkasy Oblast , while Izmail Oblast was absorbed by Odesa Oblast . In 1959, Drohobych Oblast was merged with Lviv Oblast . Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their respective administrative centers , which are also the largest and most developed cities in the region. Oblast populations range from 904,000 in Chernivtsi Oblast to 4.4 million in the eastern Donetsk Oblast . The Ukrainian constitution establishes Ukraine as
364-609: The Donetsk Oblast was split into Stalino Oblast and Voroshylovhrad Oblast and the Kirovohrad Oblast was created out of portions of Kyiv, Mykolaiv and Odesa oblasts. During World War II, Ukraine added eight more oblasts of the West Ukraine and Bessarabia . Upon the occupation of Ukraine by Nazi Germany the territory was split between General Government , Kingdom of Romania and Reichskommissariat Ukraine and carried out
390-460: The UN member countries , 166 out of 193, have a unitary system of government, while significant population and land mass is under some kind of federation. A unitary system of government can be considered to be the opposite of federalism . In federations, the provincial/regional governments share powers with the central government as equal actors through a written constitution , to which the consent of both
416-498: The italic typeface. The Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and Kirovohrad Oblast are pending renaming following the renaming of their capital cities to Dnipro and Kropyvnytskyi. Unitary state List of forms of government A unitary state is a state or sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority. The central government may create or abolish administrative divisions (sub-national or sub state units). Such units exercise only
442-629: The President and are subordinate to higher bodies of executive leadership. According to the Constitution the head of the heads of the local Oblast administrations should resign after a new President is elected . Legislative power in the oblast governments is exercised by their respective oblast councils, which in turn supervise the activities of local administrations. They also have considerable budgets managed by an oblast council ( Ukrainian : обласна рада ) made up of people's deputies (representatives) voted into office in regional elections every four years,
468-404: The Ukrainian SSR was divided into seven oblasts, replacing the previous subdivision system based on okruhas and encompassing 406 raions (districts). The first oblasts were Vinnytsia Oblast , Kyiv Oblast , Odesa Oblast , Kharkiv Oblast , and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast . Soon after that, in the summer of 1932, Donetsk Oblast was formed out of eastern parts of Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts; in
494-553: The city, also put forward the idea of building branches in important to the city's defense of the military unit. Was built by the Slobodka - Romanovka branch in the port of Odesa , and later in the most important industrial area of the city — Peresyp, which further marked the beginning of kolosovskogo direction. With the growth of passenger traffic, it was decided to build trains, local traffic Rozdilna railway station, and using existing wrap station only long-distance trains. Dead-end station
520-535: The constitution deal directly with local authorities and their competence. Oblasts are divided into raions , each oblast having from 3 to 8 raions following the July 2020 reform . In Ukraine, the term oblast denotes a primary administrative division . Under the Russian Empire and into the 1920s, Ukraine was divided between several governorates . The term oblast was introduced in 1932 by Soviet authorities when
546-653: The fall of 1932 Chernihiv Oblast was formed on the border of Kyiv and Kharkiv oblasts. Between 1935 and 1938, there were several newly created and self-governed special border okrugs (okruhas) located along the western border of the Soviet Union in Ukraine and Belarus. Upon liquidation of the okruhas in 1937–1938, Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Odesa, and Kharkiv oblasts were each split into four additional oblasts ( Zhytomyr Oblast , Kamianets-Podilsky Oblast (later Khmelnytskyi), Mykolaiv Oblast , Poltava Oblast ). Just before World War II ,
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#1732845404522572-439: The last of which took place in 2020 . The name of each oblast is a relative adjective , formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city. For example, Poltava is the administrative center of Poltava Oblast . Most of them are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", such as Poltava Oblast, which
598-537: The powers that the central government chooses to delegate. Although political power may be delegated through devolution to regional or local governments by statute , the central government may alter the statute, to override the decisions of devolved governments or expand their powers. The modern unitary state concept originated in France ; in the aftermath of the Hundred Years' War , national feelings that emerged from
624-528: The road for several more years after construction was paid. In 1992, Odesa railway became part of the national company Ukrzaliznytsia . Further electrified the plot Kotovsk — Rozdilna, allowing you to increase the circulation of the electric rolling stock and reorganize the traffic on DWS. Also electrified branch line Odesa-Peresyp — Odesa-Port. Commissioned plots pomichna — Podilsk — Lobed, Vapniarka — Podilsk — Lobed, Kuchurhan — Rozdilna, pour — Odesa-Port. The length of electrified lines becomes 1708 km (which
650-468: The war unified France. The war accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a unitary state. The French then later spread unitary states by conquests , throughout Europe during and after the Napoleonic Wars , and to the world through the vast French colonial empire . Unitary states stand in contrast to federations , also known as federal states . A large majority of
676-570: Was built in 1884 in the region of the Italian Boulevard and the adjacent part of which was rebuilt in station square, and was named "Small station", and the existing one was called "the Big station". Also the route was built to service the military units located on the coast between the Middle Fountain and Lustgarten, later demolished in the 1930s. Constructed branch pomichna — podgorodnoe to pair with
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