Oregon Health & Science University ( OHSU ) is a public research university focusing primarily on health sciences with a main campus, including two hospitals , in Portland, Oregon . The institution was founded in 1887 as the University of Oregon Medical Department and later became the University of Oregon Medical School . In 1974, the campus became an independent, self-governed institution called the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center , combining state dentistry, medicine, nursing, and public health programs into a single center. It was renamed Oregon Health Sciences University in 1981 and took its current name in 2001, as part of a merger with the Oregon Graduate Institute (OGI), in Hillsboro . The university has several partnership programs including a joint PharmD Pharmacy program with Oregon State University in Corvallis .
42-616: The university's programs are highly ranked nationally, with the School of Medicine ranking in the top 5 for primary care and family medicine residency ranking #1 by U.S. News & World Report , as well as the ophthalmology residency under Casey Eye Institute ranking in the top 10 by Ophthalmology Times in 2020. It is designated as a "Special Focus – Research Institution" according to the Carnegie Classification . The Willamette University School of Medicine , OHSU's earliest predecessor,
84-437: A major impact on studies of the pathogenesis of infectious disease. The maxim in vivo veritas ("in a living thing [there is] truth") is a play on in vino veritas , ("in wine [there is] truth"), a well-known proverb. In microbiology , in vivo is often used to refer to experimentation done in a whole organism , rather than in live isolated cells , for example, cultured cells derived from biopsies . In this situation,
126-700: A new biomedical engineering program at the School. The OGI School of Science and Engineering was renamed the Department of Science & Engineering within the School of Medicine at OHSU in 2008. OHSU vacated the OGI campus in Hillsboro in 2014, and its programs were moved to the Marquam Hill complex. On October 29, 2008, OHSU announced its largest philanthropic gift up that time: a $ 100 million gift from Nike co-founder Phil Knight and his wife, Penny Knight. The gift went to
168-756: A number of outpatient primary care facilities including the Physician's Pavilion at the Marquam Hill campus as well as throughout the Portland metropolitan area . A third hospital, the Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center is located next to the main OHSU campus; this hospital is run by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs and is outside the auspices of OHSU. A 660 feet (200 m) pedestrian skybridge connecting OHSU Hospital and
210-419: A result of rapid catabolism in the liver). The English microbiologist Professor Harry Smith and his colleagues in the mid-1950s found that sterile filtrates of serum from animals infected with Bacillus anthracis were lethal for other animals, whereas extracts of culture fluid from the same organism grown in vitro were not. This discovery of anthrax toxin through the use of in vivo experiments had
252-486: A single academic area. In-vivo Studies that are in vivo ( Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English ) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells , usually animals , including humans , and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism. This is not to be confused with experiments done in vitro ("within
294-644: A subset of doctoral degree -granting institutions and conduct research . These institutions "conferred at least 20 research/scholarship doctorates in 2019-20 and reported at least $ 5 million in total research expenditures in FY20 were assigned to one of two categories based on a measure of research activity." The 1994 edition of the Carnegie Classification defined Research I universities as those that: The Carnegie Foundation reported that 59 institutions met these criteria in 1994. In their interim 2000 edition of
336-429: Is often employed over in vitro because it is better suited for observing the overall effects of an experiment on a living subject. In drug discovery , for example, verification of efficacy in vivo is crucial, because in vitro assays can sometimes yield misleading results with drug candidate molecules that are irrelevant in vivo (e.g., because such molecules cannot reach their site of in vivo action, for example as
378-454: The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as of the 2021 update. These universities have a very high level of both research activity and per capita in such research activity, using aggregate data to determine both measurements. In other words, these institutions provide a lot of resources for research and have a lot of people conducting research at their respective institution. These two classifications can be seen as
420-756: The U.S. News & World Report ranked OHSU 4th overall in Primary Care Rankings and 32nd in Research Rankings. In addition, the publication ranked the school 1st in Family Medicine. As one of only two medical schools in Oregon , and the only awarding a Doctor of Medicine degree ( College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Northwest located in Lebanon, Oregon awards a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree and
462-543: The elderly , AIDS and other infectious diseases and viruses . OHSU will work out of the adjacent Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies until its own center is completed. A $ 117.9 million financial incentive package from the state of Florida secured OHSU's commitment. The OHSU School of Medicine has a faculty of approximately 1,750 and confers a variety of degrees, including Doctor of Medicine , Doctor of Philosophy , Master of Science , Master of Physician Assistant Studies , and Master of Public Health . In 2022,
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#1732852713460504-533: The $ 500 million matching-donations goal, and Knight met with Robin Roberts on Good Morning America that morning to announce his matching $ 500 million donation, bringing the total to $ 1 billion raised. OHSU remained Oregon's only medical school until 2011, when College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Northwest opened in Lebanon, Oregon . The world's first in-vivo use of the Crispr-Cas9 DNA editing tool
546-439: The 2021 update. These universities have a very high level of either research activity or per capita in such research activity, using aggregate data to determine both measurements, while having a very low level on the other qualification. In other words, these institutions either lack research facilities or do not have a lot of people conducting research at their respective institution. These two classifications can be seen as
588-740: The Marquam Hill campus running out of room for expansion, beginning in 2003 OHSU announced plans to expand into the South Waterfront District , formerly known as the North Macadam District. The expansion area is along the Willamette River in the South Portland neighborhood to the east of Marquam Hill and south of the city center . The Center for Health & Healing earned LEED Platinum certification in February 2007, becoming
630-788: The Multnomah County Hospital, the Doernbecher Children's Hospital , and an outpatient clinic. In 1955, Oregon state senator Mark Hatfield co-sponsored a bill to extend the medical school with a teaching hospital , and in 1974 the State of Oregon merged the institutions located on Marquam Hill into the University Hospital independent of the University of Oregon . Hatfield's continued support of medical research in Oregon in general and
672-549: The OHSU Cancer Institute, renaming it the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute . Five years later, in 2013, Knight announced his intention to donate an additional $ 500 million to OHSU specifically for cancer research if the university could match it over the subsequent two years. The challenge motivated Columbia Sportswear chairwoman Gert Boyle to donate $ 100 million in 2014. On June 25, 2015, OHSU met
714-581: The OHSU Foundation in 2021. In 2001, OHSU purchased property in what is now known as the South Waterfront neighborhood with intentions to expand its facilities there. After the purchase, OHSU began developing plans with the Portland Office of Transportation to connect this location to its Marquam Hill facilities by way of an aerial tram . Before construction of the tram began in 2005, the project
756-503: The School of Medicine. The School of Nursing at OHSU offers nursing programs at the undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral levels. The graduate nursing program was most recently ranked 7th overall in the nation by the U.S. News & World Report and 5th in the gerontology/geriatric specialty. The Oregon Health & Science University Foundation is a 501(c)(3) organization that exists to advance OHSU's mission through philanthropy. The Doernbecher Children's Hospital Foundation merged with
798-695: The VA Medical Center was constructed in 1992. Additionally, the Portland Shriners Hospital for Children is located on the OHSU campus. The university also had a campus in Hillsboro, at the site of the former OGI. This campus specialized in graduate-level science and engineering education and is located in the heart of Oregon's Silicon Forest . Since 1998, the university has controlled the Oregon National Primate Research Center , located adjacent to OGI in Hillsboro. With
840-430: The aggregate supply and demand for research, respectively. Among the 50 U.S. states and the national capital of Washington, D.C. , only five states do not have an R1 level university: Alaska , Idaho , South Dakota , Vermont , and Wyoming . There are 133 institutions that are classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity" in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as of
882-476: The aggregate supply and demand for research, respectively. There are 23 institutions that are classified as "Special Focus – Research Institutions" in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as of the 2021 update. This new category has the same threshold for inclusion as R1 and R2 schools do (At least twenty research doctorates awarded and five million dollars in research expenditures), but unlike R1 and R2 schools, they only award degrees in
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#1732852713460924-465: The classification, the Carnegie Foundation renamed the category to Doctoral/research universities-extensive in order to avoid the inference that the categories signify quality differences." The foundation replaced their single classification system with a multiple classification system in their 2005 comprehensive overhaul of the classification framework so that the term "Research I university"
966-533: The construction phase, the project came under additional public scrutiny amid rising construction and operation costs. The final cost of its construction was $ 57 million, almost 4 times over its original projected budget. After opening in December 2006, the tram carried its one millionth passenger on October 17, 2007, and its ten millionth rider on January 8, 2014. In 2006, the animal rights group PETA brought attention to OHSU research involving sheep. The research, which
1008-482: The glass"), i.e., in a laboratory environment using test tubes , Petri dishes , etc. Examples of investigations in vivo include: the pathogenesis of disease by comparing the effects of bacterial infection with the effects of purified bacterial toxins ; the development of non-antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and new drugs generally; and new surgical procedures. Consequently, animal testing and clinical trials are major elements of in vivo research. In vivo testing
1050-613: The hospital in particular was recognized by the institution in 1998 with the dedication of the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center , and the creation of the Hatfield information wall on permanent display in the lobby of the main hospital. In 2008, Governor Kulongoski released an executive order designating the Mark O. Hatfield Chair of the OHSU Board of Directors to commemorate Hatfield's commitment to
1092-566: The institution. The Oregon Graduate Institute merged with OHSU in July 2001, with OGI becoming the OGI School of Science and Engineering , one of four schools within OHSU at the time. The Oregon Health Sciences University name was modified to the Oregon Health & Science University. The merger was funded in part by a $ 4 million grant from the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust , earmarked to help launch
1134-563: The largest health care center in the U.S. to achieve that status. As part of the continued expansion of the South Waterfront, on June 26, 2014, OHSU opened the Collaborative Life Sciences Building (CLSB). The building cost $ 295 million to construct, and houses OHSU School of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Portland State University classes and Oregon State University's Doctor of Pharmacy program. In April, 2018, CLSB
1176-574: The more specific term is ex vivo . Once cells are disrupted and individual parts are tested or analyzed, this is known as in vitro . According to Christopher Lipinski and Andrew Hopkins, "Whether the aim is to discover drugs or to gain knowledge of biological systems, the nature and properties of a chemical tool cannot be considered independently of the system it is to be tested in. Compounds that bind to isolated recombinant proteins are one thing; chemical tools that can perturb cell function another; and pharmacological agents that can be tolerated by
1218-406: The now-defunct Oregon Journal donated the remaining 88 acres (36 ha) to the school two years prior to the move after the property had been deemed unsuitable for the construction of a railroad yard . Over the next forty years, the school diversified its educational offerings to include nursing and dental programs, and expanded with facilities built during this time on Marquam Hill, including
1260-400: The southwest neighborhood of Homestead , is home to the university's medical school as well as two associated hospitals. The Oregon Health & Science University Hospital is a Level I trauma center and general hospital; Doernbecher Children's Hospital is a children's hospital which specializes in pediatric medicine and care of children with long-term illness. The university maintains
1302-699: The tram was funded largely by OHSU ($ 40 million, 70%), with contributions from the city of Portland ($ 8.5 million, 15%) and developers and landowners in the South Portland neighborhood. On January 8, 2008, OHSU announced that it will establish a research institute at the Florida Center for Innovation at Tradition in the Tradition community in Port St. Lucie, Florida . The institute eventually will employ 200 workers. Institute scientists will study infectious diseases of
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1344-435: Was also cited for practices that risked contaminating surgical tools during procedures for probing a ferret's brain with an electrode. The university's ferret research was shut down for a month in 2019 after inspectors found three violations. These violations bring the number of serious violations at the university's animal lab to nine since 2014. The main campus, located on Marquam Hill (colloquially known as "Pill Hill") in
1386-564: Was announced that the Carnegie Classification System would again be revised for the 2025 classifications. R1 institutions will be defined as those that (1) have $ 50 million in research expenditures, and (2) grant 70 research doctorates. Other changes to the classification system include multiple labels to identify institutions, and recognition for non-doctoral universities. There are 146 institutions that are classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" in
1428-526: Was being conducted in conjunction with Oregon State University was designed to understand the biological mechanisms involved in sexual partner preference. List of research universities in the United States This is a list of universities in the United States classified as research universities in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . Research institutions are
1470-531: Was conducted in 2020 at the Casey Eye Institute at OHSU. The procedure is intended to reverse a genetic mutation causing Leber congenital amaurosis , a form of inherited blindness . The United States Department of Agriculture cited OHSU in February 2020 for animal welfare violation after five prairie voles in its lab died of thirst. The violation followed a routine inspection in January 2020. The university
1512-479: Was criticized by residents in the neighborhoods located directly below the projected tram route who believed its construction would result in an invasion of privacy and lower property values. The group No Tram to OHSU argued that OHSU had not sufficiently justified the benefits of the tram, that the tram would not alleviate traffic congestion on Marquam Hill as OHSU claimed, and that the project inappropriately made use of public right of way for private purposes. During
1554-492: Was established in 2011), OHSU is committed to meeting the health care needs of the state with typically 70% of the students from in-state. Admissions is highly competitive, with the school receiving over 6,700 applications and interviewing approximately 570 applicants for 150 seats. The average GPA of the entering class is 3.63 with a median MCAT score of 509. Its Physician Assistant program was most recently ranked 5th by U.S. News & World Report . OHSU's School of Dentistry
1596-605: Was founded in the 1860s in Salem , and was relocated to Portland in the 1870s. In 1915, Willamette University and the University of Oregon merged their medical programs to form the University of Oregon Medical School, and in 1919 the school moved to its present location on Marquam Hill in Southwest Portland. The Oregon-Washington Railroad and Navigation Company donated 20 acres (8.1 ha) and C.S. "Sam" Jackson , publisher of
1638-503: Was merged into the university in 1945. Accredited through the Commission on Dental Accreditation , the school has departments in endodontics, orthodontics, pathology and radiology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, and pediatric dentistry, among others. The D.M.D. program admits 75 students each year. In 2014, the School of Dentistry program moved to the Collaborative Life Sciences Building on Portland's South Waterfront along with
1680-565: Was no longer valid, though many universities continued to use it. In 2015, the Carnegie Classification System reinstated the "Research I university" designations along with "Research II" and "Research III." The current system, introduced in 2018, includes the following three categories for doctoral universities: In the 2018 classification, institutions were classified as either R1 or R2 if they "conferred at least 20 research/scholarship doctorates in 2016-17 and reported at least $ 5 million in total research expenditures." A "research activity index"
1722-528: Was renamed to the Joseph E. Robertson, Jr. Collaborative Life Sciences Building (RLSB). As existing surface streets were deemed insufficient to connect the South Waterfront campus to the Marquam Hill campus, the Portland Aerial Tram was built as the primary link between them and opened December 1, 2006. Controversy surrounded the costs of the tram, which nearly quadrupled from initial estimates. Construction of
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1764-429: Was then calculated that included the following measures: These four measures were combined using principal component analysis to create two indices of research activity, one representing an aggregate level of research activity and the other representing per-capita research activity. Institutions that were high on both indices were classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity." In 2023, it
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