19-569: (Redirected from O-class ) O class or Class O may refer to: Rail transport [ edit ] Highland Railway O Class , a British class of 2-4-0, later 4-4-0T, steam locomotives built in the late 1870s NER Class O , a British 0-4-4T steam locomotive class NZR O class , a locomotive class of New Zealand steam engines built in the United States Russian locomotive class O , an early type of Russian steam locomotive SER O class ,
38-500: A British 0-6-0 steam locomotive class WAGR O class , Australian 2-8-0 steam locomotive class built in the late 19th century O-class Melbourne tram O-class Sydney tram Stars [ edit ] Class O stars , the rarest of all main sequence stars Vessels [ edit ] O and P-class destroyer , the first ships built under the United Kingdom's War Emergency Programme destroyers O-class battlecruiser ,
57-606: A class of warships planned for the German Navy just prior to the Second World War O-class submarine (disambiguation) Class O, several early submarine classes of the Royal Netherlands Navy Oberon -class submarine Odin -class submarine United States O-class submarine Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
76-453: A tribunal. Part 2 dealt with powers and regulation of the railway companies by the Railway and Canal Commission , part 3 dealt with railway rates, charges and conditions of carriage with powers given to a Railway Rates Tribunal , and part 4 with employee wages and conditions. Parts 5 and 6 dealt with light railways and general clauses respectively, with the general clauses of part 6 including
95-673: The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) at the Grouping . The three locomotives were withdrawn and scrapped between 1928 and 1933. Railways Act 1921 The Railways Act 1921 ( 11 & 12 Geo. 5 . c. 55), also known as the Grouping Act , was an act of Parliament enacted by the British government, and was intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies, by "grouping" them into four large companies, dubbed
114-803: The Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), a joint LMS/ SR line in south-western England. The London suburban railway companies, such as the Underground Electric Railways Company of London and the Metropolitan Railway , were also excluded. Later, the London Passenger Transport Act 1933 amalgamated them, along with London area bus and tram operations, into the London Passenger Transport Board (see List of transport undertakings transferred to
133-569: The " Big Four ". The intention was to reduce inefficient internal competition between railway companies, and retain some of the benefits which the country had derived from a government-controlled railway system during and after the Great War of 1914–1918. The provisions of the act took effect from the start of 1923. The British railway system had been built up by more than a hundred railway companies, large and small, and often, particularly locally, in competition with each other. The parallel railways of
152-703: The 1920 white paper , Outline of Proposals as to the Future Organisation of Transport Undertakings in Great Britain and their Relation to the State ( Cmd. 787). That suggested the formation of six or seven regional companies, and suggested worker participation on the board of directors of the company. The white paper was opposed by the Railway Companies' Association (RCA) and by MPs representing railway companies' interests. The move to greater worker participation
171-641: The East Midlands, and the rivalry between the South Eastern Railway and the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway at Hastings, were two examples of such local competition. During the First World War the railways were under state control, which continued until 1921. Complete nationalisation had been considered, and the Railways Act 1921 is sometimes seen as a precursor to that, but the concept
190-762: The Scottish businesses. After consideration of the Railways Bill, it was decided that the Scottish companies, originally destined to be a separate group, would be included with the Midland/North Western and Eastern groups respectively, in order that the three main Anglo-Scottish trunk routes should each be owned by one company for their full length: the West Coast Main Line and the Midland Main Line by
209-405: The company's Lochgorm Works in 1878 and 1879. They had 4-foot-9-inch (1,448 mm) coupled wheels, 16-by-22-inch (406 by 559 mm) outside cylinders and weight (in original condition) of 36 tons. They were rebuilt as 4-4-0Ts in 1881–82 due to trouble with the single leading axle. All three were still in service in 1923, although relegated to shunting duties, and they were transferred to
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#1732851854215228-486: The former group, and the East Coast Main Line by the latter. The opening paragraph of the Railways Act 1921 states: Part 1 of the act dealt with the terms and procedure of the amalgamations of railway companies. The constituents and subsidiaries of the four groups were set out in the first schedule of the act. Companies that had not formed an amalgamation scheme by 1923 would be amalgamated under terms decided by
247-471: The pre-war competition as wasteful, but was opposed to nationalisation, on the grounds that it led to poor management, as well as a mutually corrupting influence between railway and political interests. In his 9 March 1920 Cabinet paper, "Future Transport Policy", he proposed five English groups (Southern, Western, North Western, Eastern and North Eastern), a London passenger group, and separate single groupings for Scotland and Ireland. Geddes' proposals became
266-608: The requirement of the railway companies to provide the Minister of Transport with statistic and financial reports. The third reading of the act in the House of Commons took place on 9 August 1921, and was passed with a majority of 237 to 62. The House of Lords made various amendments, which were accepted by the Commons on 19 August, and royal assent was given. The state control of the railways which began under war conditions during World War I
285-583: The successor companies. They included the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway (M&GN), a London, Midland and Scottish Railway / London and North Eastern Railway joint line in eastern England, the largest of the joint railways in terms of route mileage; the Cheshire Lines Committee (CLC), LMS/LNER joint line in Lancashire and Cheshire , largest in terms of both passenger and freight traffic; and
304-666: The title O class . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O_class&oldid=1223403920 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Highland Railway O Class The Highland Railway O Class locomotives were built as 2-4-0T tank engines , but were soon rebuilt as 4-4-0Ts . They were designed by David Jones for Scottish Railway companies and three were built at
323-585: Was rejected, and nationalisation was subsequently carried out after the Second World War , under the Transport Act 1947 . The form of the act was developed by the Minister of Transport , Eric Geddes , who was a former North Eastern Railway executive. Geddes favoured using amalgamations to create privately owned regional monopolies, and suggested increased worker participation from pre-war levels. Geddes viewed
342-550: Was strongly opposed by the RCA, but supported by the Labour Party . Worker-directors were not included in the final act, being replaced by agreed negotiating mechanisms. In 1921, the white paper, Memorandum on Railways Bill (Cmd. 1292), suggested four English regional groups and two Scottish groups. Scottish railway companies wanted to be incorporated into British groupings, and the RCA proposed five British regional monopolies including
361-605: Was to continue for a further two years under the Ministry of Transport Act 1919 . The act took effect on 1 January 1923. On that date most of the mergers took place, although some had taken place during the previous year. The February 1923 issue of The Railway Magazine dubbed the new companies as " The Big Four of the New Railway Era". A number of joint railways remained outside the Big Four, continuing to be operated jointly by
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