Misplaced Pages

#838161

29-726: Some versions are nearly identical to Nusach Ashkenaz , while others come far closer to Nusach Edot Mizrach : most versions fall somewhere in between. All versions attempt to incorporate the customs of Isaac Luria, with greater or lesser success. There are many differences between the [various] prayer books, between the Sefardi rite, the Catalonian rite, the Ashkenazi rite, and the like. Concerning this matter, my master [the Ari ] of blessed memory told me that there are twelve windows in heaven corresponding to

58-634: Is a style of Jewish liturgy conducted by Ashkenazi Jews . It is primarily a way to order and include prayers, and differs from Nusach Sefard (as used by the Hasidim ) and Baladi-rite prayer , and still more from the Sephardic rite proper, in the placement and presence of certain prayers. Nusach Ashkenaz may be subdivided into the German or Western branch - Minhag Ashkenaz - used in Western and Central Europe , and

87-504: Is not offered in accordance with that rite. It is generally held that every Jew is bound to observe the mitzvot (commandments of Judaism) by following the customs appropriate to hir family of origin. For this reason, a number of rabbis disapprove of the adoption of Nusach Sefard by Ashkenazi Jews. However, it was a common kabbalistic belief that the Sephardic rite, especially in the form used by Isaac Luria, had more spiritual potency than

116-561: Is one of the few Hasidic dynasties not named after the place where it originated; instead, it is named after the rebbe's surname. It is relatively new, and became a dynasty in Jerusalem , where it is centered today. Unlike other Hasidic groups, it does not originate from a Hasidic background, but from the talmidim (students) of Moses Sofer . The founder of the Dushinsky dynasty was Rabbi Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky , son of Rabbi Yisroel Dushinsky. He

145-508: Is taken from the Sephardic kaddish. Nusach Maharitz, referring to and originating with Rabbi Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky , is the nusach used by most Dushinsky Hasidim. The nusach is a mixture of Nusach Ashkenaz and Nusach Sefard, differing from Nusach Ashkenaz only when it can be proven from the writings of the students of the Ari that he did otherwise, yielding a blend of elements from both rites almost equally. Nusach Ashkenaz Nusach Ashkenaz

174-585: The Williamsburg section of Brooklyn , New York , and building began for a new Talmud Torah in Ramat Beit Shemesh Bet, in addition to the newer synagogue there. There are also Dushinsky Hasidim in Antwerp ; however, there is no specific Dushinsky synagogue there. Dushinsky has several special minhagim (customs), in things such as the style of dress and the nusach (rite) used, called nusach Maharitz ,

203-725: The tishen celebration. Rebbe Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky appointed his younger brother, Mordechai Yehuda Dushinsky, as rabbi of the Dushinsky community in the all-Haredi Beit Shemesh neighbourhood of Ramat Beit Shemesh Bet. Aside from the Dushinsky communities in Jerusalem and Ramat Beit Shemesh, there are also smaller communities in Manchester, Elad , in New York's Boro Park district, and in London . In 2007, new Dushinsky synagogues were built in London and in

232-667: The Ashkenazi rite is largely derived from the Siddur Rab Amram and minor Talmudic tractate Massechet Soferim . This may be true, but in itself this does not support a claim of Babylonian origin as argued by Gaster: as pointed out by Louis Ginzberg the Siddur Rab Amram had itself been heavily edited to reflect the Old Spanish rite. The Ashkenazi rite also contains a quantity of early liturgical poetry from Eretz Yisrael that has been eliminated from other rites, and this fact

261-696: The Ashkenazi. Many Eastern Jewish communities, such as the Persian Jews and the Shami Yemenites , accordingly adopted the Sephardic rite with Lurianic additions in preference to their previous traditional rites. In the same way, in the 17th and 18th centuries, many Kabbalistic groups in Europe adopted the Lurianic-Sephardic rite in preference to the Ashkenazi. This was, however, the custom of very restricted circles, and did not come into widespread public use until

290-602: The Chief Rabbi of the Edah HaChareidis. Under his leadership, the Dushinsky community was steered towards Hasidut. Rabbi Yisroel Moshe died in 2003; he was succeeded as Chief Rabbi of the Edah HaChareidis by Rabbi Yitzchok Tuvia Weiss and as Grand Rabbi of Dushinsky by his son, Rabbi Yosef Tzvi . A student of Yisroel Moshe, Rabbi Avrohom Yitzchok Ulman is one of the members of the Rabbinical Court (Badatz), which leads

319-408: The Edah HaChareidis. He also leads his own beth din . In 2005, a synagogue which seats hundreds was inaugurated behind the old building on Shmuel HaNavi Street . The main synagogue is only used on Shabbos and holidays; on weekdays, a complex of four smaller synagogues ( shtiblach ) in the basement of the building are used. The old synagogue, on the first floor of the old building, is now used for

SECTION 10

#1732851791839

348-684: The Israel follows some practices of the Vilna Gaon (see Perushim § Influence ) as well as some Sephardic practices. For example, the practice of most Ashkenazic communities in Israel to recite Ein Keloheinu during the week, as is the Sephardic practice. The ritual of the United Kingdom - Minhag Anglia - is based on those of both Germany and Poland Hamburg; see Authorised Daily Prayer Book . " Minhag Anglia " does also have wider connotations re

377-695: The Polish/Lithuanian or Eastern branch - Minhag Polin - used in Eastern Europe, the United States and by some Israeli Ashkenazim, particularly those who identify as Litvaks ("Lithuanian"). In strictness, the term Minhag Ashkenaz (the Western Ashkenazic rite) applied only to the usages of southern German Jews (in recent centuries defined very roughly as those south and west of the Elbe ), most notably

406-527: The claim emerged that, while in general one should keep to one's minhag of origin, the Nusach Sefard reached a believed "thirteenth gate" ( Shaar ha-Kollel ) in Heaven for those who do not know their own tribe. Nusach Sefard, with its variant Nusach Ari , became almost universal among Hasidim , as well as some other Ashkenazi Jews, but has not gained significant acceptance by Sephardi Jews. One consequence thereof

435-489: The community of Frankfurt am Main . North-Eastern German communities such as Hamburg and Berlin followed Minhag Polin , although their musical tradition and pronunciation of Hebrew, and some of the traditions about the prayers included, were more reminiscent of the western communities than of Poland proper or even Austria-Hungary. There are a number of minor differences between the Israeli and American Ashkenazi practice in that

464-502: The creation of the State of Israel . Rabbi Dushinsky died on the eve of Sukkos , 14th of Tishrei 1948, shortly after the founding of the State of Israel. He was succeeded by Rabbi Zelig Reuven Bengis . Books written by him, or based on his work, include: Rabbi Yosef Tzvi's only son, Yisroel Moshe, inherited his father's position as Grand Rabbi of the Dushinsky community, and in turn also became

493-632: The current Sephardic rite has since been standardized to conform with the rulings of the Geonim , thereby showing some degree of convergence with the Babylonian and North African rites. The liturgical writings of the Byzantine Jewish , especially the piyyutim (hymns), found their way through Italy to Ashkenaz and are preserved to this day in most Ashkenazi mahzorim . Dushinsky (Hasidic dynasty) Dushinsky (Duschinsky, Duschinszki, Duschinszky)

522-671: The expulsion of Jews from France in 1394, but certain usages survived on the High holidays only in the Appam community of Northwest Italy until shortly after WWII, and has since become extinct. Both the Old French and the Ashkenazi rites have a loose family resemblance to other ancient European rites such as the Italian , Romaniote and Provençal rites, and to a lesser extent to the Catalan and Old Spanish rites:

551-489: The funeral. After his return to Chust, he was prevailed upon to succeed Sonnenfeld as Rav of Jerusalem. He and his family, together with 25 students, immigrated to Palestine on August 28, 1933. Dushinsky founded a community of Hungarian Jews in Jerusalem, affiliated with the Perushim section of the Edah HaChareidis. Dushinsky was known for his strong opposition to Zionism , and spoke to the newly formed United Nations against

580-509: The immigration of many Ashkenazi Jews from America, the millennia-old Ashkenazi rite has regained a strong following. Today many of the various sects and dynasties of Hasidism each use their own version of Nusach Sfard . Many Hasidic groups have slightly varying versions. A significant difference compared to Nusach Ashkenaz resides in the text of kaddish . For example, Nusach Sfard adds the words " ויצמח פורקניה ויקרב משיחיה ‎" (may His redemption sprout and His Messiah approach), which

609-451: The mid- to late 18th century Hasidism . Luria taught that twelve gates of prayer exists, corresponding to the twelve tribes of ancient Israel (and to the twelve Jewish communities that existed in Safed in his lifetime), and that twelve nusachs for Jewish prayer [ nasachot ha-tefillah ] emanated accordingly. In alteration of this Lurianic concept, especially in 18th/19th-century Hasidism,

SECTION 20

#1732851791839

638-498: The opposite claim. To put the matter into perspective it must be emphasized that all Jewish liturgies in use in the world today are in substance Babylonian, with a small number of usages from the Land of Israel ( Eretz Yisrael ) surviving the process of standardization: in a list of differences preserved from the time of the Geonim , most of the usages recorded as from Eretz Yisrael are now obsolete. Medieval Ashkenazi scholars stated that

667-468: The source and root of the souls of that tribe, so must be its prayer rite. It is therefore fitting that each and every individual should maintain the customary liturgical rite of his forefathers. For you do not know who is from this tribe and who from that tribe. And since his forefathers practiced a certain custom, perhaps he is from that tribe for whom this custom is appropriate, and if he comes now and changes it, his prayer may not ascend [to heaven], when it

696-502: The structure, and hashkafa , of English-Judaism more generally; see United Synagogue , London Beth Din , Jews College . Leopold Zunz claimed that the Ashkenazi rite is descended from the ancient Eretz Israel minhag , while the Sephardi rite is descended from Babylonia . Hakham Moses Gaster , in his introduction to the prayer book of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews , made exactly

725-510: The town of Chust , where he assumed the position of chief rabbi. In 1921, his only child, Yisroel Moshe , was born. In 1932, Dushinsky and his son visited Mandatory Palestine . The chief rabbi and founder of the Edah HaChareidis , Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld , leader of the Haredi community of Jerusalem, died a few days later, and Dushinsky delivered one of the hespedim (eulogies) at

754-496: The twelve tribes, and that the prayer of each tribe ascends through its own special gate. This is the secret of the twelve gates mentioned at the end of [the book of] Yechezkel . There is no question that were the prayers of all the tribes the same, there would be no need for twelve windows and gates, each gate having a path of its own. Rather, without a doubt it necessarily follows that because their prayers are different, each and every tribe requires its own gate. For in accordance with

783-606: Was a disciple of Rabbi Simcha Bunim Sofer ( Shevet Sofer ), one of the grandchildren of the Chasam Sofer. After his marriage to the daughter of Rabbi Mordechai Winkler, author of Levushei Mordechai , Rabbi Dushinsky became the chief rabbi in Galanta , Slovakia . In an epidemic during the First World War , his first wife died childless, and he subsequently remarried Esther Neuhaus, daughter of Rabbi Yoel Tzvi Neuhaus. He relocated to

812-468: Was that, before the establishment of the State of Israel and in Israel's early years, it was the predominant rite used by Ashkenazim in the Holy Land, with the exception of certain pockets of traditional Lithuanian Jews . One reason for this was that the Land of Israel was regarded as part of the Sephardic world, so that it was felt that new immigrants should adopt the local rite. In recent decades, following

841-452: Was the main support for Zunz's theory. The earliest recorded form of the Ashkenazi rite, in the broadest sense, may be found in an early medieval prayer book called Machzor Vitry . This however, like the Siddur Rashi of a century later, records the Old French rite rather than the Ashkenazi (German) rite proper, though the differences are small. The Old French rite mostly died out after

#838161