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49-574: Numazu is at the northwestern end of the Izu Peninsula , which is a leisure destination known for its numerous hot springs . Mount Fuji , Japan's tallest mountain, may also be seen from Numazu on clear days. Numazu is located 130 kilometres (81 mi) west of Tokyo and is on the Tōkaidō Main Line , the main railway line from Osaka to Tokyo. Warmed by the Kuroshio Current , the area enjoys

98-508: A catching limit being applied in 1997, which stabilized the capture rate to around 210,000 – 330,00 tons/year. Special conservation efforts have been put in place in key spawning grounds of the jack mackerel including the Uwa Sea and Bungo Channel among the southern islands of Japan. This was put in place in 2013 and was a direct response to lowered catch yields and higher volumes of juveniles being captured between 2004 and 2013. Although not

147-468: A deeply indented coastline to the west of Tokyo on the Pacific coast of the island of Honshu , Japan . Formerly known as Izu Province , Izu peninsula is now a part of Shizuoka Prefecture . The peninsula has an area of 1,421.24 km (548.74 sq mi) and its estimated population in 2005 was 473,942 people. The peninsula's populated areas are located primarily on the north and east. Tectonically,

196-568: A drastic decrease in Jack Mackerel yields from up to 550,000 tons/year down to between 210,000 – 330,000 tons/year. Most of the fish used commercially and for food globally is caught in the wild, with only a small percentage being bred through aquaculture productions. Aquaculture of the Japanese Jack Mackerel, similarly, capture production has dropped drastically over the year, with now less than 1000 tons/year being produced, compared to

245-423: A good fight when caught with a hook and line. As Scad are predatory fish, lure fishing (which use replica baits called lures to imitate live prey) is the predominant form of sport fishing involving Scad, although traditional bait fishing techniques using floats and/or sinkers (particularly with moving live baits such as baitfish, krill or shrimp) are also successful. It is recommended that when fishing for Scad, that

294-402: A horizontal and coarse in a vertical direction with a bend in the midpoint of the scale to follow the curvature of the animal. Scales on anterior half of the species have this curve, while those on the posterior half are straight, with any scales in between these two sections being pointed. The spine of the species consists of 14 vertebrae connected to the dorsal fin, with another 10 vertebrae on

343-420: A light brown oil globule 0.17 – 0.22mm in diameter which constitutes the yolk of the egg. The location for spawning is dictated by several factors including phytoplankton productivity and migrating ability, but primarily temperature.   The eggs are Pelagic , therefore float freely through the open sea and continue to do so as larvae. Once hatched, the larvae are 2.3 – 2.5mm in length and continue to carry

392-578: A panoramic view of the city and the surrounding area. There is a shopping street close to the main train station. Numazu has the longest coastline of any municipality in the prefecture. The Senbonhama ("Thousand Tree Beach") seaside is considered one of the best places to view Osezaki, Nihondaira , or the southern Japan Alps against the background of Sembonmatsubara and Mount Fuji. Three aquariums are located in Numazu: Mito Sea Paradise, Awashima Marine Park and Numazu Deepblue Aquarium. Numazu

441-479: A part of a larger school. As larvae and juveniles, the main threat posed to Japanese jack mackerel are the larger fish which feed on the vulnerable developing fish, as it lacks the mobility of a mature individual. As a mature adult, the Jack Mackerel is hunted by other pelagic species such as tuna , sea lions , sharks , and dolphins .  Additionally, sea birds pose a great threat to both mature and juvenile Japanese Jack mackerel, as juveniles stay closer to

490-639: A result of its underlying geology, the peninsula is prone to frequent earthquake swarms and tsunamis , and it abounds in hot springs . All of Izu Peninsula is within Shizuoka Prefecture . It is administratively divided into eight cities and five towns: A popular resort region for tourists from the Kantō region , the Izu peninsula is primarily known for onsen hot spring resorts in Atami , Shuzenji , and Itō. The area

539-407: A silver color on its underside, with a black blotch over the gills. The dorsal and pectoral fins are a dusky color whereas the pelvic and anal fins are pale. One of the main distinguishing features of the Japanese Jack Mackerel is its bright yellow caudal fin which stands out compared to the rest of the species' coloration.   Its scales are common among other species in its family, being dense in

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588-498: A strong cultural icon, the Japanese jack mackerel is used in a large portion of both Japanese and Korean dishes and are an important global export for Japanese fisheries. Additionally, due to the spawning grounds being tied to the Japanese coastal waters, efforts have been made by Japanese fisheries to prevent their exploitation. Scad are very popular seawater game fish highly prized especially by fishermen, because they generally put up

637-537: A warm maritime climate with hot, humid summers and mild, cool winters. The Kano River runs through the middle of the city. Mount Ashitaka (1188 meters) is the highest point in the city. Shizuoka Prefecture Per Japanese census data, the population of Numazu has been in slow decline over the past 30 years. The city has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ). The average annual temperature in Numazu

686-957: Is 103.3 km (64.2 mi) from the Yōga Interchange (用賀インター Yōga Intā ) on the Tokyo end of the Tōmei Expressway to Numazu. To get to the eastern side, a branch at Atsugi leads to the Odawara-Atsugi Road , which continues past Odawara to Yugawara, Atami , and Shimoda. Izu Peninsula is also served by Japan National Route 135 , Japan National Route 136 , and Japan National Route 414 . Izu also offers two scenic roads, called " Izu Skyline " (伊豆スカイライン) and " Western Izu Skyline " (西伊豆スカイライン) that offer beautiful views on nature and Mt. Fuji. Both skyline roads are favorite spots of car and motorcycle enthusiasts. The Odakyu Electric Railway runs local bus services from Odawara and Hakone , and there

735-581: Is 15.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1938 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.8 °C, and lowest in January, at around 5.9 °C. Numazu is an ancient settlement, mentioned in Nara period records as the original provincial capital of Suruga Province before the separation of Izu Province from Suruga in 680 AD, and subsequent transfer of

784-553: Is a highly beneficial strategy for the species, especially during maturation . There are many spawning grounds for the Japanese Jack Mackerel, all of which make use of the Kuroshio and Warm Tsushima Currents to migrate into the Japan or East China seas. The primary spawning grounds are along the warm coastal waters of Japan, with a large portion being around the region of Kyushu and southern Japan. The only other intensive spawning ground

833-445: Is a much more complex structure of about 12 cm with a series of 6 bones, more than 20 soft rays projecting outwards and 6 muscles controlling its movement. The anal fin is made up of a collection of 3 spines with 26 – 30 soft rays coming from them. The jaw of the Japanese Jack Mackerel has a projected lower section and is lined with 4 separate segments of small conical teeth with medially bent tips which become larger moving towards

882-401: Is also popular for sea bathing, surfing, golfing and motorcycle touring. The peninsula abuts Mount Fuji and is a part of Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park . The southwest coast of Izu, from the municipalities of Matsuzaki, Nishiizu and Minamiizu was designated a National Place of Scenic Beauty in 1937. Aside from tourism, agriculture and fishing are the mainstays of the local economy. Izu

931-402: Is an extensive but infrequent internal bus network. On August 12, 1985, Flight JAL 123 , while crossing peninsular airspace, experienced an explosion in the aft pressure bulkhead, resulting in an accident that killed 520 people, becoming one of the deadliest air disasters in human history. Japanese horse mackerel The Japanese jack mackerel ( Trachurus japonicus ), also known as

980-463: Is commonly grilled or fried as a jeon-gaeng-i gui (전갱이 구이). Among the specialties of Jeju cuisine is the soup gagjaegi-gug (각재기국), the name of which is derived from the name for the fish in the Jeju language . The Japanese jack mackerel ( Trachurus japonicus ) is a small fish with an average length between 13 – 40 cm, and a maximum recorded size of 50 cm. It is greyish blue on its back, having

1029-476: Is dominated by production of mandarin oranges and green tea , with Brussels sprouts , dairy products and rice as secondary products. Numazu is the location of the head office of Suruga Bank, Shizuoka Chuo Bank and Numazu Shinkin Bank. Numazu has 24 public elementary schools, 17 public middle schools one public combined middle/high school operated by the city government. The city has four public high schools operated by

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1078-485: Is one of the biggest producers of wasabi in Japan, and the local cuisine offers dishes flavored with wasabi . Nevertheless, these industries are not lucrative enough to prevent a heavy loss of population to Greater Tokyo and Shizuoka, particularly among the young. The northern parts of Izu peninsula is easily accessible from Tokyo and points west via the Tōkaidō Shinkansen , which has stations in both Atami in

1127-617: Is the coastal waters of Taiwan, which also uses the Kuroshio current to move into the Eastern China and Japan seas. The transport of the juveniles from this spawning ground can take up to 40 days, whereas those spawned in and around the Japan coastal waters can take up to 2 months to reach the Eastern China Sea. The southern and central areas of the Eastern China Sea are the main areas in which juvenile Japanese Jack Mackerel are found due to

1176-469: Is the main setting of the anime Love Live! Sunshine!! , and several characters live in Uchiura and Awashima Island. As such, many tourists come to Numazu because of the anime, and various things in the city, such as taxicabs, buses, ferries, and manhole covers, have special Love Live -themed designs. Izu Peninsula The Izu peninsula ( 伊豆半島 , Izu-hantō ) is a large mountainous peninsula with

1225-478: The Japanese horse mackerel or Japanese scad , is a species named after its resemblance to mackerel but which is in the family Carangidae , the jacks, pompanos , trevallies and scads. Their maximum reported length is 50 cm (20 in) with a common length of 35 cm (14 in). They have a maximum reported weight of 0.66 kg (1.5 lb) and a maximum reported age of 12 years. They are found around

1274-540: The 53 post stations . After the Meiji Restoration , Numazu Station was opened on the Tōkaidō Main Line on February 1, 1889. With the establishment of the modern municipalities system of the early Meiji period in 1889, the area was reorganized into Numazu Town within Suntō District, Shizuoka From its seaside location, Numazu gained a reputation as a health resort, which was further enhanced by its selection as

1323-412: The 7000 tons produced in the early 1990s. Japanese jack mackerel are used in a few ways once caught and are generally canned for use in various dishes or turned into fish meal. Some traditional Japanese dishes use jack mackerel as a key ingredient; it is commonly prepared as a form of furai ( aji-furai あじフライ), salt-grilled ( shioyaki-aji 塩焼きあじ), or used raw in sushi or as sashimi. In Korean cuisine,

1372-818: The Izu peninsula results from the Philippine Sea Plate colliding with the Okhotsk Plate at the Nankai Trough . The Philippine Sea Plate, the Amurian Plate , and the Okhotsk Plate meet at Mount Fuji , a triple junction . The peninsula itself lies on the Philippine Sea Plate. The southern portion of the peninsula is composed largely of breccia , and the central and northern portions consist of numerous highly eroded volcanoes . The Amagi Mountain Range dominates

1421-431: The Japanese Jack Mackerel feeds on small shrimp or other small fish. The species normally hunts in large schools but in the case of individuals residing in reefs , they have been documented accompanying jellyfish for both feeding and protective purposes . The jellyfish are not a part of the jack mackerel's diet, but they rather use the jellyfish as a method for food collection and a way to hide from predators when not

1470-552: The Shizuoka Prefectural Board of Education. There are also one private elementary school, one private combined middle/high school and five private high schools. The prefecture also operates three special education schools in Numazu for the handicapped. Numazu is a gateway to Mount Fuji, Hakone , and Izu Peninsula , which are major tourist attractions. The harbour area has seafood restaurants and features an anti- tsunami barrier with an observation floor on top that offers

1519-474: The age of 1 year old are not found anywhere below 50 m deep and thrive in the 20 – 50 m depth range due to the higher temperatures. Once mature, Japanese Jack Mackerels can be found at depths reaching up to 275 m. The life cycle of the Japanese jack mackerel starts in the late winter and tend to spawn around late April to early July, as water temperatures begin to rise allowing larvae and juveniles to thrive. as an egg 0.87 – 0.9mm in diameter with

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1568-668: The back of the jaw. The Japanese jack mackerel generally lives in and around the East China Sea and Sea of Japan , in tropical regions between the coordinates of 46°N – 13°N and 105°E – 148°E. Although these are the main population grounds of the Japanese Jack Mackerel, they are also found in southern Japan, the Korean peninsula and in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of southeast Asia, primarily in Taiwan . These locations vary depending on

1617-449: The caudal, anal, and dorsal fins. The Genus Trachurus is a group of Jack Mackerels and Saurels which are derived from the Greek word trachys meaning "rough" and oura meaning "tail". The Japanese Jack Mackerel has been found to be more genetically similar to those under the family Scombridae, a family of mackerels, tuna, swordfish and dolphinfish. Despite this, Trachurus Japonicus remains in

1666-479: The center of the peninsula with Mount Amagi (1,406 metres (4,613 ft)) and Mount Atami (773 metres (2,536 ft)) in the east and Mount Daruma (982 metres (3,222 ft)) in the west, with the eastern and western portions of the range extending underwater into Sagami Bay and Suruga Bay . The peninsula's major river, the Kano River in the north, flows through a graben valley created by plate tectonics. As

1715-441: The coast of Japan, except Okinawa Island , usually on sandy bottoms of 50–275 m (164–902 ft) deep. They feed mainly on small crustaceans such as copepods , as well as shrimp and small fish. They are similar to the yellowtail horse mackerel around New Zealand and Australia, apart from having more gill rakers and larger eyes. The Japanese name for the horse mackerel is aji (あじ), and by default generally implies

1764-414: The fisher(s) should use line in the 1–5 lb test for Scad. It is also recommended to use a hook size 8-5 for Scad of all kind. Scad, tend to like ragworms, minnows, or cut bait. The Japanese jack mackerel belongs to the family Carangidae which is a family of ray-finned fish such as jacks, pompanos, runners, and scads. All species in this family have 2 or more dorsal fins with 15 – 31 rays coming from each of

1813-501: The jack mackerel is similarly used deep fried or grilled, and occasionally used in soups. In the 1960s peak yields of Japanese jack mackerel were caught of around 550,000 tons/year, but before the 1970s this number decreased to around 200,000 tons/year which was an indicator of overfishing. In the early 1980s, less than 100,000 tons/year were caught, and the aquaculture production of jack mackerel began to try and compensate for this loss of yield. This decrease in capture production led to

1862-456: The location of an imperial villa built for Emperor Meiji in 1893. The area become popular with other members of the nobility , statesmen (including Inoue Kaoru ) and writers. Numazu town expanded in 1923 by merger with Yanagihara village, becoming Numazu City on July 1, 1923. Central Numazu was destroyed by a fire in 1926. In 1944, the city further expanded through merger with neighboring Katahama, Kanaoka, Ooka and Shizuura villages. The city

1911-534: The northeast and Mishima in the northwest. JR Itō Line and the Izu Kyūkō Line provides service along the east coast of the peninsula to Shimoda, however given the lack of population, these services are less regular. Central Izu is served by the Sunzu Line as far as Shuzenji. The west coast of the peninsula is less developed, and has no train service. Izu Peninsula is served by numerous expressways. By car, it

1960-462: The pectoral and caudal fins until reaching full maturity at around 60 days after hatching and reaching an average length of around 35 cm. As a juvenile, the Japanese jack mackerel mainly feeds on zooplankton, drift algae and flotsam throughout its developmental phases. Throughout maturity, it feeds on a much wider variety of species, although it mostly feeds on copepods, which are small crustaceans normally 1 – 2 mm in size. Additionally,

2009-627: The provincial capital to the banks of the Abe River in what is now Shizuoka city . During the early part of the Tokugawa shogunate , Numazu was ruled as part of Odawara Domain , but with the construction of Numazu Castle in 1777, it became the separate Numazu Domain . Numazu prospered in the Edo period from its location on the Tōkaidō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto , with Numazu-juku and Hara-juku as two of

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2058-406: The species Trachurus japonicus (which can be more specifically referred to as ma-aji (まあじ), literally "true aji "). The name is most commonly written in hiragana ; although a kanji ( 鯵 ) does exist, it is not in common use. It is commonly deep fried or salt-grilled. In Korean cuisine , the fish is dubbed jeon-gaeng-i (전갱이) and is the default horse mackerel designated by this name. It

2107-400: The surface and adults venture to shallow waters to occasionally feed. The Japanese jack mackerel is a fish predominantly caught using trawls , purse seines , traps, and on line gear. Due to the overfishing and exploitation of wild populations of Japanese Jack Mackerel and their major role in ocean ecosystems, annual catching limits have been applied since 1997. This limitation has seen

2156-506: The temperature of the water primarily, and thus vary with the seasons, with a higher density of Japanese Jack Mackerel in the southern and central china seas in the colder months. The ideal condition for the species ranges between 15 – 26 °C, with an ideal temperature of around 21 °C. With the temperature varying between the northern and southern areas of the East China Sea by around 3 – 5 °C, migration between these regions

2205-423: The underside of the animal all with fine ridges lining them, common with other species in the family Trachurus. The dorsal fin is split into two sections, the front set consisting of eight bony spines, and the rear set having one bony spine and another 25 – 27 soft rays, depending on the size of the individual. All these fins are controlled by 3 muscles and many ligaments. The caudal fin on the side of jack mackerel

2254-583: The village of Heda (from Tagata District ) was merged into Numazu. In 2007, Numazu hosted the 29th WorldSkills International Championship. Numazu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 28 members. Numazu is an industrial city and regional financial center, and its port is a major center of Shizuoka prefecture's commercial fishing industry. Numazu produces more dried Japanese horse mackerel than any other region in Japan. The city accounts for about half of Japan's total production. Agriculture

2303-406: The warmer waters. This higher temperature allows for a higher survival rate for the growing fish, with 80 – 95.8% of all Japanese Jack Mackerel found in the southern Eastern China Sea being juveniles. Due to the juveniles requiring a temperature above 19 °C to be able to develop and survive, vertical distribution is also very important and varies across the ages of the species. Juveniles under

2352-422: The yolk sack beyond the anterior margin of the head. This continues until the 4th day after hatching where the yolk sack is completely absorbed. Development continues for 29 days before reaching the juvenile stage where the dorsal, pelvic, and anal rays and fins are developed, and the body is elongated to around 10 – 13 cm. Throughout the juvenile stages, scutes and scales fully develop as well as rays on

2401-458: Was a target for American air raids in World War II , and was largely destroyed by bombing on July 17, 1945 . In 1955, the villages of Ashitaka, Oohira, Uchiura, and Nishiura merged with Numazu, and in 1968 Hara Town also merged with Numazu. In the year 2000, Numazu was designated a Special City ( 特例市 , Tokurei-shi ) by the central government with increased local autonomy. In April 2005,

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