The Novem Codices were a copy of an Old Latin translation of the Bible in nine volumes which were created for or by Cassiodorus for his monastic foundation at Vivarium.
32-626: Some or all of the Novem Codices were probably acquired by Benedict Biscop or Ceolfrid in Italy for the monastery at Monkwearmouth . The illumination of Ezra the Scribe in the Codex Amiatinus , which was created under the direction of Ceolfrid, has an open book cupboard containing a Bible in nine volumes which may be a representation of the Novem Codices . This article about translation of
64-551: A book-buying trip. Overall, the collection had an estimated 250 titles of mostly service books. The library included scripture, classical, and secular works. Ecgfrith of Northumbria granted Benedict land in 674 for the purpose of building a monastery . He went to the Continent to bring back masons who could build a monastery in the Pre-Romanesque style . Benedict made his fifth and final trip to Rome in 679 to bring back books for
96-619: A grade II listed building and significant local landmark. The world's oldest complete Bible, written in Latin to be presented to the then Pope (Gregory II), was produced at this monastery – the Codex Amiatinus . It is currently safeguarded in the Laurentian Library , Florence, Italy. Originally three copies of the Bible were commissioned by Ceolfrid in 692. This date has been established as
128-563: A library, saintly relics, stonemasons, glaziers, and a grant from Pope Agatho granting his monastery certain privileges. Benedict made five overseas voyages in all to stock the library. In 682 Benedict appointed Eosterwine as his coadjutor and the King was so delighted at the success of St Peter's, he gave him land in Jarrow and urged him to build a second monastery. Benedict erected a sister foundation (St Paul) at Jarrow . He appointed Ceolfrid as
160-599: A publication now in the public domain : Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Benedict Biscop". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Jarrow Jarrow ( / ˈ dʒ ær oʊ / or / ˈ dʒ ær ə / ) is a town in South Tyneside in the county of Tyne and Wear , England. Historically in County Durham , it is on the south bank of the River Tyne , about 3 miles (4.8 km) from
192-558: A saint after his death. It has been suggested that Baducing appears as Biscop Beding the son of Beda Bubbing , King of Mercia in the Lyndsey/Lindfearnan lists of geneaologies held by the Anglian Collection and great-grandfather of Alfred The Great . Benedict, born of a noble Northumbrian family, was for a time a thegn of King Oswiu of Bernicia ( r. 642–670 ) At the age of 25 ( c. 653) Benedict made
224-497: Is mainly due to boundary changes. The fact that only 2.9% of Jarrow's population is non White British , makes Jarrow the least ethnically diverse major urban subdivision in Tyneside and less ethnically diverse than its surrounding borough, South Tyneside . Jarrow contains areas such as Fellgate and Hedworth, which border onto Greenbelt in the south of the town, which have very high White British populations. In South Tyneside, 5.0% of
256-741: Is recognised as a saint by the Christian Church, which holds his feast day on 12 January. Benedict is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 12 January . The parish church in Wombourne, Staffordshire is the only one in England dedicated to Benedict. The Eastern Orthodox Church venerates him as a saint and celebrates his feast day on 12th January on the New Calendar. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from
288-492: Is some evidence that they stimulated interest in regenerating 'distressed areas'. 1938 saw the establishment of a ship breaking yard and engineering works in the town, followed by the creation of a steelworks in 1939. The Jarrow rail disaster was a train collision that occurred on the 17 December 1915 at the Bede junction on a North Eastern Railway line. The collision was caused by a signalman's error and seventeen people died in
320-455: The Bible is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a manuscript is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Benedict Biscop Benedict Biscop ( c. 628 – 690), also known as Biscop Baducing , was an Anglo-Saxon abbot and founder of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Priory (where he also founded the famous library) and was considered
352-600: The English People and the translation of the Gospel of John into Old English . Along with the abbey at Wearmouth, Jarrow became a centre of learning and had the largest library north of the Alps , primarily due to the widespread travels of Benedict Biscop , its founder. In 794 Jarrow became the second target in England of the Vikings , who had plundered Lindisfarne in 793. The monastery
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#1732854879333384-587: The collision. The Second World War revived the town's fortunes as the Royal Navy was in need of ships to be built. After 1945 the shipbuilding industries were nationalised. The last shipyard in the town closed in 1980. In August 2014 a group of mothers from Darlington organised a march from Jarrow to London to oppose the privatisation of the NHS . The march took place in September 2014 and 3,000–5,000 people participated in
416-486: The complete Bible in the Latin Vulgate version. For the last three years of his life Benedict was bed-ridden. He suffered his affliction with great patience and faith. He died on 12 January 690. A sermon of Bede (Homily 17) indicates that there was a very early public cult of Biscop; for his feast, but it became more widespread only after the translation of his relics to Thorney under Ethelwold c. 980 . He
448-520: The confluence of the Tyne and the Don ). The place-name would normally have developed into Yarrow in modern English, but as with Jesmond , Norman influence resulted in the initial / j / becoming / dʒ / . The Monastery of Paul of Tarsus in Jarrow, part of the twin foundation Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey , was once the home of The Venerable Bede , whose most notable works include Ecclesiastical History of
480-465: The description "Amiatinus"), where it remained until 1786 when it passed to the Laurentian Library in Florence . Jarrow remained a small mid-Tyne town until the introduction of heavy industries such as coal mining and shipbuilding . Charles Mark Palmer established a shipyard – Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Company – in 1852 and became the first armour-plate manufacturer in the world. John Bowes ,
512-563: The double monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow secured a grant of additional land to raise the 2000 head of cattle needed to produce the vellum for the Bible's pages. Saint Ceolfrid accompanied one copy (originally intended for Gregory I) on its journey to be presented to Gregory II, but he died en route to Rome. The book later appears in the ninth century in the Abbey of the Saviour, Monte Amiata in Tuscany (hence
544-475: The east coast. The 2011 census area classed Hebburn and The Boldons as part of the town, it had a population of 43,431. It is home to the southern portal of the Tyne Tunnel and 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Newcastle upon Tyne . In the eighth century, St Paul's Monastery in Jarrow (now Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey ) was the home of The Venerable Bede , who is regarded as the greatest Anglo-Saxon scholar and
576-479: The event. Jarrow's needs for secondary education are currently served by Jarrow School , formerly Springfield Comprehensive. Springfield was merged with another of Jarrow's secondary schools, Hedworthfield Comprehensive at Fellgate, following a gradual reduction of the number of new pupils for the yearly intake of 11-year-olds to the point where keeping both schools open was no longer viable. As of 2008 plans to revamp Jarrow School have come into action. Building work
608-578: The events for which Jarrow is best known. Jarrow is marked in history as the starting point in 1936 of the Jarrow March to London to protest against unemployment in Britain. Jarrow Member of Parliament (MP) Ellen Wilkinson wrote about these events in her book The Town That Was Murdered (1939). Some doubt has been cast by historians as to how effective events such as the Jarrow March actually were but there
640-552: The father of English history. The town is part of the historic County Palatine of Durham . From the middle of the 19th century until 1935, Jarrow was a centre for shipbuilding , and was the starting point of the Jarrow March against unemployment in 1936. Jarrow's name is first recorded in the 8th century. It derives from the Gyrwe, an Anglian tribe that inhabited the neighbourhood. The Gyrwe's name means "fen dwellers", perhaps in reference to Jarrow Slake (a now-drained wetland that lay at
672-535: The first iron screw collier, revived the Tyne coal trade, and Palmer's was also responsible for the first modern cargo ship, as well as a number of notable warships. Around 1,000 ships were built at the yard, they also produced small fishing boats to catch eel within the River Tyne, a delicacy at the time. Jarrow Town Hall was erected in Grange Road and officially opened in 1904. Palmer's employed as much as 80% of
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#1732854879333704-577: The first of his five trips to Rome, accompanying his friend Saint Wilfrid the Elder . However Wilfrid was detained in Lyon en route . Benedict completed the journey on his own, and when he returned to England was "full of fervour and enthusiasm ... for the good of the English Church". Benedict made a second journey to Rome twelve years later. Alchfrith of Deira , a son of King Oswiu, intended to accompany him, but
736-510: The king refused to grant permission. On this trip Biscop met Acca and Wilfrid . On his return journey to England Benedict stopped at Lérins , a monastic island off the Mediterranean coast of Provence, which had by then adopted the Rule of St. Benedict . During his two-year stay there, from 665 to 667, he underwent a course of instruction, taking monastic vows and the name of "Benedict". Following
768-552: The land south of the River Wear to Biscop. Separated from the monastery, this would be known as the "sundered land," which in time would become the name of the wider urban area. Benedict's idea was to build a model monastery for England, sharing his knowledge of the experience of the Church in Europe. It was the first ecclesiastical building in Britain to be built in stone, and the use of glass
800-647: The population are non-White British, which is almost double the figure for Jarrow, also the borough has twice the percentage of Asian people compared to this riverside town. Compared to the rest of the North East of England Jarrow does have an increased rate of unemployment, average unemployment figures in 2013 put the north east at 5.4% as opposed to Jarrow at 6.1%. In September 2016 1,680 people living in Jarrow were in receipt of Job Seekers Allowance or Universal Credit , 370 people aged between 18 and 24 were on receipt of benefits in September 2016 down by 30 from last year,
832-521: The superior, who left Wearmouth with 20 monks to start the foundation in Jarrow. Bede , one of Benedict's pupils, tells us that he brought builders and glass-workers from Francia to erect the buildings in stone. He drew up a rule for his community, based on that of Benedict and the customs of seventeen monasteries he had visited. He also engaged Abbot John, Arch-cantor of St. Peter's in Rome, to teach Roman chant at these monasteries. In 685, Ecgfrith granted
864-510: The town's working population until its closure in 1933 following purchase by National Shipbuilders Securities Ltd. (NSS). This organisation had been set up by Stanley Baldwin 's Conservative government in the 1920s, but the first public statement had been made in 1930 whilst the Labour Party was in office. The aim of NSS was to reduce capacity within the British shipyards. In fact Palmer's yard
896-536: The two years in Lérins Benedict made his third trip to Rome. At this time Pope Vitalian commissioned him to accompany Archbishop Theodore of Tarsus back to Canterbury in 669. On their return Archbishop Theodore appointed Benedict as abbot of SS. Peter and Paul's , Canterbury , a role he held for two years. Benedict Biscop, the Bibliophile, assembled a library from his travels. His second trip to Rome had been
928-417: Was a novelty for many in 7th-century England. It eventually possessed what was a large library for the time – several hundred volumes – and it was here that Benedict's student Bede wrote his famous works. The library became world-famous and manuscripts that had been copied there became prized possessions throughout Europe, including especially the Codex Amiatinus , the earliest surviving manuscript of
960-432: Was completed in 2009 turning the school into a modern learning facility with Specialist Engineering Status. The head teacher at the school plans to improve the school's grade point average, by improving the learning facilities, costing millions of pounds. In 2011, Jarrow had a population of 43,431, compared to 27,526 in 2001. This gives Jarrow a similar population to Wallsend and Whitley Bay. The large increase in population
992-414: Was later dissolved by Henry VIII . The ruins of the monastery are now associated with and partly built into the present-day church of St. Paul, which stands on the site. One wall of the church contains the oldest stained glass window in the world, dating from about AD 600. Just beside the monastery is Jarrow Hall , a working museum dedicated to the life and times of Bede. This incorporates Jarrow Hall ,
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1024-409: Was relatively efficient and modern, but had serious financial problems. As from 1935, Olympic , the sister ship of RMS Titanic , was partially demolished at Jarrow, being towed in 1937 to Inverkeithing , Scotland for final scrapping. The Great Depression brought so much hardship to Jarrow that the town was described by Life as "cursed." The closure of the shipyard was responsible for one of
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