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39-998: Coordinates : 43°36′12″N 145°17′34″E / 43.603265°N 145.292732°E / 43.603265; 145.292732 Peninsula on the east coast of Hokkaido, Japan Notsuke Peninsula 野付半島 Peninsula [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Notsuke Peninsula Show map of Hokkaido [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Notsuke Peninsula Show map of Japan Coordinates: 43°36′12″N 145°17′34″E / 43.603265°N 145.292732°E / 43.603265; 145.292732 Location Shibetsu & Betsukai , Hokkaidō , Japan Dimensions • Length 26 kilometres (16 mi) 28 kilometres (17 mi) Ramsar Wetland Official name Notsuke-hanto and Notsuke-wan Designated 8 November 2005 Reference no. 1552 The Notsuke Peninsula ( 野付半島 , Notsuke hantō )
78-502: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
117-456: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
156-674: A checkpoint controlling the crossing to Kunashiri. It is said that from the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period there was a settlement known as Kiraku ( キラク ) at the tip of the peninsula, with streets lined with samurai residences and even pleasure quarters , but this is not shown on contemporary maps and is poorly attested in the literature. Prominent features today include withered and eroded stretches of Sakhalin fir ( Abies sachalinensis ) at Todowara ( トドワラ ) and Mongolian oak ( Quercus crispula ) at Narawara ( ナラワラ ) , while to be found in
195-464: A coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for
234-588: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
273-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
312-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
351-475: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
390-519: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
429-571: Is a peninsula on the east coast of Hokkaidō , Japan, with its northwestern base in Shibetsu and southeast tip in Betsukai . The name is derived from the Ainu for jawbone , notkeu (ノッケウ), purportedly due to the landform's visual resemblance to that of a whale. The curved peninsula, the longest sandspit in the country, with a length of some 26 kilometres (16 mi) to 28 kilometres (17 mi), extends into
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#1732854915110468-562: Is extensively grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks throughout the temperate zones of the world. Iris ensata is highly prized in Japan. It is possible that it was introduced into Japanese culture in ancient times , in association with rice farming . Certainly it has been cultivated and hybridised there for at least five centuries. The hanashōbu ( ハナショウブ, 花菖蒲 , Iris ensata var. ensata [ ja ] , syn. I. ensata var. hortensis , I. kaempferi ) grows in
507-452: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
546-434: Is on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form
585-476: Is purple with a flash of yellow on the falls. The bluish purple color of the flowers is an example of the copigmentation phenomenon. Widely distributed throughout the Japanese archipelago and elsewhere, I. ensata is very hardy down to −20 °C (−4 °F). It prefers a boggy or marshy environment and soil with a low (acidic) pH . In favourable conditions it will eventually form sizable clumps. Iris ensata
624-667: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Iris ensata Iris kaempferi Siebold ex Lem. Iris ensata ,
663-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
702-471: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
741-571: The Japanese iris or Japanese water iris ( Japanese : hanashōbu ), formerly I. kaempferi , is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae, native to Japan , China , Korea and Russia , and widely cultivated as an ornamental plant . " Japanese iris " may also refer to I. sanguinea and I. laevigata , both native to Japan. Iris ensata is an erect rhizomatous herbaceous perennial growing to 80 cm (31 in) tall, with strap-shaped leaves. The flower, appearing in midsummer,
780-568: The Nemuro Strait , which lies between Shiretoko Peninsula , Nemuro Peninsula , and the disputed island of Kunashiri in the Sea of Okhotsk ; it was formed by the deposition of sand sediment carried by the currents in the strait, and itself forms and largely encloses Notsuke Bay . There remain on the peninsula traces of Satsumon culture pit dwellings , while during the Edo period samurai were stationed at
819-917: The "Flower Road" ( フラワーロード ) . Together with Notsuke Bay, Notsuke Peninsula has been designated a Ramsar Site , a Special Wildlife Protection Area , and an Important Bird Area , and forms part of Notsuke-Fūren Prefectural Natural Park . See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Notsuke Peninsula . List of Ramsar sites in Japan Hokkaidō Heritage Nemuro Peninsula Chashi Sites References [ edit ] ^ 北海道遺産・野付半島と打瀬舟 [Hokkaido Heritage: Notsuke Peninsula and Utase Boats] (in Japanese). Hokkaido Prefectural Government . 8 November 2011 . Retrieved 1 April 2021 . ^ "Notsuke-hanto and Notsuke-wan" (PDF) . Ministry of
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#1732854915110858-515: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
897-499: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
936-654: The Environment . Retrieved 1 April 2021 . ^ "Notsuke-hanto and Notsuke-wan" . Ramsar Sites Information Service . Retrieved 23 July 2021 . ^ （いいね！探訪記）沈みゆく砂の島、花鳥の楽園 野付半島 北海道別海町・標津町 [A Sinking Sand Island and Paradise of Flowers and Birds, Notsuke Peninsula, Betsukai and Shibetsu, Hokkaido]. Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). 4 July 2020 . Retrieved 1 April 2021 . ^ 野付半島 [Notsuke Peninsula] (in Japanese). Betsukai Town . Retrieved 1 April 2021 . ^ "Hokkaido Heritage: The Notsuke Peninsula and
975-708: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
1014-524: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
1053-537: The Notsuke Peninsula Primeval Flower Garden near Notsukezaki Lighthouse towards the eastern tip are the Kamchatka lily , Japanese iris , sea pea , Rosa rugosa , Eriophorum vaginatum , and Hemerocallis esculenta ( エゾカンゾウ ) . The c.15 kilometres (9.3 mi) stretch of Hokkaido Prefectural Road Route 950 ( ja ) from the base of the peninsula to the nature centre is commonly known as
1092-1394: The Utase Boats (Betsukai and Shibetsu)" (PDF) . Hokkaido Heritage Council . Retrieved 1 April 2021 . ^ 野付半島 [Notsuke Peninsula] (in Japanese). Nemuro Subprefecture . 14 March 2019 . Retrieved 1 April 2021 . ^ 野付半島・野付湾 [Notsuke Peninsula and Notsuke Bay] (PDF) (in Japanese). Hokkaido Prefectural Government . Retrieved 1 April 2021 . ^ "Notsuke, Odaitou" . BirdLife International . Retrieved 1 April 2021 . ^ 野付風蓮道立自然公園 [Notsuke-Fūren Prefectural Natural Park] (in Japanese). Hokkaido Prefectural Government . 8 April 2020 . Retrieved 1 April 2021 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Notsuke_Peninsula&oldid=1255130772 " Categories : Peninsulas of Hokkaido Betsukai, Hokkaido Shibetsu, Hokkaido (Nemuro) Ramsar sites in Japan Hokkaido Heritage Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja) CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja) Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing Japanese-language text Commons category link
1131-566: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
1170-613: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
1209-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
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1248-468: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
1287-749: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
1326-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
1365-579: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
1404-460: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
1443-697: The most influential breeders in the United States have been Arlie Payne of Indiana, the Marx family of Oregon, Arthur Hazzard of Michigan, and Currier McEwan of Maine. Between them they have produced plants with large blooms and a wide range of colours. In the UK interest in this plant has been equally strong. The national collection is held at the Marwood Hill Gardens in Barnstaple, Devon. The following cultivars have gained
1482-507: The same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
1521-447: The wet land and is the most extensively cultivated variety in Japanese gardens. According to the place where it was cultivated, I. ensata is classified into three strains – the Edo (Tokyo), Higo (Kumamoto Prefecture) and Ise (Mie Prefecture). Upon being introduced to the west in the mid-19th century, a new chapter was opened in the cultivation of this species. In America it was intensively hybridised to produce many new cultivars. Perhaps
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