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44-453: Originally the Notenbuch was a bound volume comprising forty-eight pages of blank music paper, with eight staves on each page. Inscribed with the words Pour le clavecin (French: For the harpsichord ), it was presented to Nannerl on the occasion of her eighth name day on 26 July 1759 (or possibly her eighth birthday, which fell on the 30th or 31st day of the same month). Over the course of

88-419: A treble clef and the lower staff has a bass clef . In this instance, middle C is centered between the two staffs, and it can be written on the first ledger line below the upper staff or the first ledger line above the lower staff. Very rarely, a centered line with a small C clef is written, and usually used to indicate that B, C, or D on the line can be played with either hand (ledger lines are not used from

132-445: A center alto as this creates confusion). When playing the piano or harp, the upper staff is normally played with the right hand and the lower staff with the left hand. In music intended for organ with pedalboard , a grand staff normally comprises three staves, one for each hand on the manuals and one for the feet on the pedalboard. Early Western medieval notation was written with neumes , which did not specify exact pitches but only

176-429: A mathematical graph of pitch with respect to time . Pitches of notes are given by their vertical position on the staff and notes are played from left to right. Unlike a graph, however, the number of semitones represented by a vertical step from a line to an adjacent space depends on the key, and the exact timing of the beginning of each note is not directly proportional to its horizontal position; rather, exact timing

220-419: A minuet it is relatively fast in 4 time. It is, unlike K. 1d far less influenced by the baroque style. It is largely constructed of phrases which are repeated: every two bars is announced by a descending fifth, after which 4 chords are played, a tune is constructed within this restraint. Each phrase is 8 bars long. In two part harmony, it consists of 3 sections: the opening, contrasting trio, and

264-482: A page, often two parallel diagonal strokes are placed on the left side of the score to separate them. Four-part SATB vocal settings, especially in hymnals , use a divisi notation on a two-staff system with soprano and alto voices sharing the upper staff and tenor and bass voices on the lower staff. Confusingly, the German System (often in the combined forms Liniensystem or Notensystem ) may refer to

308-439: A piano, organ, harp, or marimba. A bracket is an additional vertical line joining staves to show groupings of instruments that function as a unit, such as the string section of an orchestra. Sometimes a second bracket is used to show instruments grouped in pairs, such as the first and second oboes or first and second violins in an orchestra. In some cases, a brace is used for this purpose. When more than one system appears on

352-3039: A più stromenti, Op. 5 Joseph Haydn Symphony No. 6 ("Le matin") Symphony No. 7 ("Le midi") Symphony No. 8 ("Le soir") Symphony No.11 Michael Haydn – Symphony in C major Gottfried August Homilius – 32 Praeludia zu geistlichen Liedern vor zwey Claviere und Pedal Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Andante in C major for harpsichord, K. 1a Allegro in C major for harpsichord, K. 1b Allegro in F major for harpsichord, K. 1c Minuet in F major for harpsichord, K. 1d Simon Simon – Pièces de clavecin, Op. 1 Ludwig Zoschinger – Concors digitorum discordia seu 4 Partiæ Johann Adolph Hasse La Scusa Il Nome Methods and theory writings [ edit ] Jean-Philippe Rameau – Origine des sciences Births [ edit ] January 20 – Giovanni Domenico Perotti , composer (died 1825 ) January 22 – Georg Nikolaus von Nissen , biographer of Mozart (died 1826 ) January 23 – Friedrich von Matthisson , librettist (died 1831) January 26 – Jens Zetlitz , songwriter (died 1821 ) February 15 – Jacob Kimball, Jr. , composer (died 1826 ) February 20 – Johann Christian Ludwig Abeille , pianist and composer February 22 – Erik Tulindberg , composer (died 1814 ) April 20 – Johann Gottlieb Karl Spazier, composer May 3 – August von Kotzebue , librettist (died 1819) June 13 – Antonín Vranický or Wranitzky, violinist and composer (died 1820 ) June 15 – Charles Henry Wilton , British musician (died 1832) July 20 – Joseph Lefebvre, composer September 24 – F.L.Æ. Kunzen , composer October 9 – Pierre Gaveaux , composer and operatic tenor (died 1825) date unknown Antoine Hugot , composer (died 1803) John Andrew Stevenson , composer (died 1833 ) Deaths [ edit ] January 3 – Willem de Fesch , violinist and composer (born 1687 ) January 18 – Francesco Feo , opera composer (born 1691 ) February 15 – Carlo Cecere , composer (born 1706 ) March 7 – Antonio Palella , composer March 27 – Johann Ludwig Steiner , composer April 10 – Cecilia Elisabeth Würzer , German-Swedish singer June 12 – Meinrad Spiess , composer July 9 – Carl Gotthelf Gerlach , organist (born 1704 ) October 7 – Johann Pfeiffer , German composer (born 1697) date unknown Adam Falckenhagen , lutenist and composer (born 1697 ) Newburgh Hamilton , librettist (born 1691 ) References [ edit ] ^ "Judith (Arne, Thomas Augustine) – IMSLP/Petrucci Music Library: Free Public Domain Sheet Music" . imslp.org . Retrieved 2019-04-18 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1761_in_music&oldid=1229440628 " Categories : 1761 in music 18th century in music Music by year Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

396-561: A reprise of the original. It was, in Köchel's first catalogue listed as K. 1 along with Minuet in G, K. 1e. A very short work (around a minute in length); it was most likely notated by his father, Leopold, as Wolfgang was only five or six years old at the time. The entry for this work was composed in Salzburg in January 1762. It was written for the harpsichord and is hence usually performed on

440-602: A single staff as well as to the Akkolade (from the French) or system in the English sense; the Italian term is accollatura . When music on two staves is joined by a brace , or is intended to be played at once by a single performer (usually a keyboard instrument or harp ), a grand staff ( American English ) or great stave ( British English ) is created. Typically, the upper staff uses

484-446: Is an extremely short piece, consisting of just 10 measures , and was notated by the composer's father, Leopold, as Wolfgang was only five years old when he composed it. It is normally performed on the harpsichord and is in the key of C . The piece opens with a one-bar phrase in 4 time , which is then repeated. A second, modified phrase receives the same treatment. The time signature then changes to 4 and in

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528-524: Is attributed to Guido d'Arezzo (990–1050), whose four-line staff is still used (though without the red and yellow coloring he recommended) in Gregorian chant publications today. Five-line staves appeared in Italy in the 13th century and it was promoted by Ugolino da Forlì ; staves with four, five, and six lines were used as late as 1600. 1761 in music Overview of

572-401: Is encoded by the musical symbol chosen for each note in addition to the tempo . A time signature to the right of the clef indicates the relationship between timing counts and note symbols, while bar lines group notes on the staff into measures . Staff is more common than stave in both American English and British English , with the latter being, in fact, a back-formation from

616-410: Is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instruments may be used. A longer piece (around double the amount of time compared to that of other entries in the Notenbuch ); the first piece in the book to be inscribed by the young Wolfgang. The entry date for this work states it was composed in Salzburg, sometime during 1764; the precise date is not known. It was written for

660-484: Is in Mozart's first collection of works. As a minuet, it is relatively fast in 4 time . Unlike K. 1d, it is far less influenced by the baroque style. It is largely constructed of phrases which are repeated: every two bars are announced by a descending fifth, after which 4 chords are played, a tune is constructed within this restraint. Each phrase is 8 bars long. In two-part harmony, it consists of 3 sections:

704-419: Is not based on repeated phrases. It begins with an ascending scale in the right hand from the dominant (G) to the mediant (E) on the first and third beats of the bars, while the left hand adds a counterpoint on the off beats. After reaching a peak, the right hand drops down in a series of quarter notes and eighth notes , accompanied by a very simple bass part. Curiously, the final cadence takes place between

748-551: Is robbed of a valuable manuscript. Domenico Cimarosa enters the Conservatorio di Santa Maria di Loreto. Joseph Haydn enters the service of the Esterházy family Popular music [ edit ] Mme Papavoine – '"Reviens, aimable Thémire" (Paris) John Parry – A collection of Welsh, English & Scotch airs with new variations, also four new lessons for the harp or harpsichord... to which are added twelve airs for

792-410: Is simple and classical in style. This piece has been compared to a "jolly south German folkdance". The minuet in F is a very short piece (around a minute in length) in extended binary form. The first section is just eight measures long and the second section twelve; both are marked with repeat signs. K. 1d was notated by Leopold Mozart; Wolfgang was five years old when he composed this piece. It

836-435: The key signature or accidentals on individual notes. A clefless staff may be used to represent a set of percussion sounds; each line typically represents a different instrument. A vertical line drawn to the left of multiple staves creates a system , indicating that the music on all the staves is to be played simultaneously. A brace (curly bracket) is used to join multiple staves that represent an instrument, such as

880-402: The beginning of the staff. The clef identifies a particular line as a specific note, and all other notes are determined relative to that line. For example, the treble clef puts the G above middle C on the second line. The interval between adjacent staff positions is one step in the diatonic scale . Once fixed by a clef, the notes represented by the positions on the staff can be modified by

924-468: The book. Wolfgang Plath (1982) has deduced the existence of five scribes, from a study of the handwriting in the Notenbuch . In addition to Leopold and Wolfgang, three anonymous scribes from Salzburg – known as Anonymous I, Anonymous II and Anonymous III – have been identified. Numbers 58 and 61, thought to be in the four missing pages, are known only from Nissen's material; Plath assumed that these two pieces were copied out by Leopold, who

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968-426: The contents of the Notenbuch . Staff (music) In Western musical notation , the staff ( UK also stave ; plural : staffs or staves ), also occasionally referred to as a pentagram , is a set of five horizontal lines and four spaces that each represent a different musical pitch or in the case of a percussion staff , different percussion instruments. Appropriate music symbols, depending on

1012-468: The eighth and ninth measures: in the last four measures, which make up a quarter of the entire composition, Mozart rings various changes on an unadorned C major triad. This piece, Allegro for keyboard in F, K. 1c runs to twenty-four measures (including repeats). It was composed by Wolfgang on 11 December 1761 in Salzburg . It was notated by Mozart's father, Leopold, as Wolfgang was just five years old at

1056-539: The events of 1761 in music List of years in music ( table ) … 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 … Art Archaeology Architecture Literature Music Philosophy Science +... Events [ edit ] Francesco Geminiani visits Dublin , where he

1100-449: The following four measures Mozart reverts to a typically Baroque style. The piece concludes with a simple authentic cadence . An extremely short work, consisting of only twelve measures. It was notated by Mozart's father, Leopold, as Wolfgang was only five years old when he composed it. It is normally performed on the harpsichord , and is in the key of C. As the tempo indicates, it is a fast and lively piece. Unlike K. 1a, this piece

1144-1404: The guitar (London: John Johnson) Opera [ edit ] Charles-Guillaume Alexandre – George et Georgette Johann Christian Bach – Catone in Utica , W.G 2 Pasquale Cafaro – Ipermestra (revised version, premiered Dec. 26 in Naples ) Florian Leopold Gassmann – Catone in Utica Baldassare Galuppi Demetrio (revised version, premiered June in Padua ) Le Tre Amante Ridicoli (premiered Jan. 18 in Venice ) Christoph Willibald Gluck – Le cadi dupé , Wq.29 Niccolò Jommelli – L'Olimpiade Tommaso Traetta – Armida Johann Adolf Hasse – Zenobia Classical music [ edit ] Thomas Arne – Judith ( oratorio ) (first published; first performed 1744) Charles Avison – 6 Sonatas for Harpsichord, 2 Violins and Cello, Op. 8 Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach La Philippine , H.96 La Gabriel , H.97 La Caroline , H.98 La Complaisante , H.109 La Louise , H.114 La Xénophon et la Sybille , H.123 L'Ernestine , H.124 Christoph Willibald Gluck – Don Juan ( ballet ) François Joseph Gossec – Sei sinfonie

1188-403: The harpsichord and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instruments may be used. Another short minuet, featuring triplets , the last in the Notenbuch ; it was most likely notated by his father, Leopold, as Wolfgang was six years old at the time. The entry for this work states it was composed in Salzburg on 5 July 1762. It was written for the harpsichord and

1232-564: The harpsichord and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instruments may be used. The final surviving piece in the Nannerl Notenbuch , of which only a fragment is left; notated again by Leopold. Estimated to be composed in Salzburg, around 1764. It runs for 61 measures (including repeats) and usually performed on the Harpsichord , though other keyboard instruments may be used. The following table summarizes

1276-427: The harpsichord, though other keyboard instruments may be used. This piece is a single bar motif which is developed into an eight-bar exposition, which is repeated, and then modulated for another eight bars before being repeated again. A very short, yet lively piece (around a minute in length); it was most likely notated by his father, Leopold, as Wolfgang was six years old at the time. The entry for this work states it

1320-399: The intended effect, are placed on the staff according to their corresponding pitch or function. Musical notes are placed by pitch, percussion notes are placed by instrument, and rests and other symbols are placed by convention. The absolute pitch of each line of a non-percussive staff is indicated by the placement of a clef symbol at the appropriate vertical position on the left-hand side of

1364-404: The next four years or so, the notebook was gradually filled with pieces written out by Leopold and two or three anonymous Salzburg copyists. Wolfgang is thought to have written out four pieces. Curiously none of the pieces were inscribed by Nannerl herself. In later years, twelve individual pages were removed from the notebook for one reason or another. Of these, four are now considered lost, but

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1408-405: The opening, a contrasting trio, and reprise of the original. A short piece (around a minute in length); it was probably notated by his father, Leopold, since Wolfgang was only five or six years old at the time. It was written for the harpsichord and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instruments may be used. This minuet is in Mozart's first collection of works. As

1452-478: The plural staves . The plural staffs also exists for staff in both American and British English, alongside the traditional plural staves . In addition to the pronunciations expected from the spellings, both plural forms are also pronounced / s t æ v z / in American English. The vertical position of the notehead on the staff indicates which note to play: higher-pitched notes are marked higher on

1496-401: The remaining eight have been identified by Alan Tyson : The four lost pages have been tentatively reconstructed using a variety of other sources (Nannerl's letters and Georg Nissen's biography of Mozart). It is believed that in its completed state the Notenbuch contained a total of 64 pieces (including exercises and unfinished compositions), of which 52 are in the surviving 36 pages of

1540-457: The shape of the melodies, i.e. indicating when the musical line went up or down; presumably these were intended as mnemonics for melodies which had been taught by rote. During the 9th through 11th centuries a number of systems were developed to specify pitch more precisely, including diastematic neumes whose height on the page corresponded with their absolute pitch level (Longobardian and Beneventan manuscripts from Italy show this technique around

1584-402: The staff (possibly modified by conventions for specific instruments ). For example, the treble clef , also known as the G clef, is placed on the second line (counting upward), fixing that line as the pitch first G above " middle C ". The lines and spaces are numbered from bottom to top; the bottom line is the first line and the top line is the fifth line . The musical staff is analogous to

1628-401: The staff. The notehead can be placed with its center intersecting a line ( on a line ) or in between the lines touching the lines above and below ( in a space ). Notes outside the range of the staff are placed on or between ledger lines —lines the width of the note they need to hold—added above or below the staff. Which staff positions represent which notes is determined by a clef placed at

1672-486: The start. It seems that he also taught composition from the outset, by means of a given bass line, a melody to be varied, a melody to be continued, and a structural model. The earliest compositions by Wolfgang are written in Leopold's hand; the father's gentle suggestions for amendments came later. The Notenbuch contains the following pieces by Wolfgang: This piece of music was probably Mozart's first composition. It

1716-412: The time. This piece was written for the harpsichord and is usually performed on that instrument today, though other keyboard instruments may be used. This Allegro is Mozart's earliest extant piece in F major . Like K. 1b, it is in a fast tempo . It is in rounded binary form , with repeat signs at the end of each of the sections: ||:A:||:BA:||, where A and B each consists of four bars. The music

1760-409: The year 1000). Digraphic notation, using letter names similar to modern note names in conjunction with the neumes, made a brief appearance in a few manuscripts, but a number of manuscripts used one or more horizontal lines to indicate particular pitches. The treatise Musica enchiriadis ( c.  900 ) uses Daseian notation for indicating specific pitches, but the modern use of staff lines

1804-412: Was composed in Salzburg on 4 March 1762. It was written for the harpsichord and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instruments may be used. A short minuet (around a minute in length); it was most likely notated by his father, Leopold, as Wolfgang was six years old at the time. The entry for this work states it was composed in Salzburg on 11 May 1762. It was written for

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1848-576: Was responsible for more than half the contents of the Notenbuch . The Notenbuch provides evidence of the collaboration between the young Wolfgang and his father. For example, number 48 is an arrangement of the third movement of Leopold's D major serenade, but the trio also appears as Menuet II in Wolfgang's Sonata K. 6 . The Notenbuch is also useful in providing evidence of Leopold's approach to teaching music. The tables of intervals show that he taught music theory to his children from

1892-484: Was studying by Leopold Mozart and Georg Christoph Wagenseil . It comprises several phrases each beginning with chords, after which broken chords and triplets are used. Another short piece, of 18 measures, it was probably notated by his father, Leopold Mozart, since Wolfgang was five or six years old at the time. It was written for the harpsichord and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instruments may be used. This minuet in G major

1936-406: Was written for the harpsichord and is usually performed on that instrument, though other keyboard instruments may be used. This dance is Mozart's earliest extant composition in minuet form. As a minuet it is, by definition, stately in feeling and written in 4 time. Like all Mozart's compositions in the Notenbuch , the clearest influences on the style are to be found in the pieces he

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