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103-479: In a 1995 interview, Randy Bachman indicated that he thought that using the word "fragile" as a title for a rock album, as Yes had done with their 1971 album Fragile , was "strange." He thought that BTO music could be "dropped and kicked" without breaking, so, without intending any commentary about Yes, the band "tongue-in-cheek" called their next album Not Fragile . The album marks the debut of guitarist Blair Thornton , who, unlike his predecessor Tim Bachman ,

206-402: A Man ", and " Lookin' Out For No. 1 ". In late-1976, during the recording of their sixth studio album Freeways , some disagreements surfaced within the band. Bachman wrote all but one song and sang on every song but two, while some of the other band members felt that they did not have enough good material to record and wanted to delay the release. Upon its release, the album charted at No. 70 in

309-574: A brief one-minute appearance to thank the front-line Canadian workers and proceeded to play a short parody of "Taking Care of Business". Bachman has stated that his guitar sound was influenced by his early violin studies, saying "when I wanted to play a rock solo, I played like it was violin ... Violin is mostly slow, melodic stuff. So my guitar solos tend to be smooth, slow lines." He has mentioned in interviews that his guitar influences include Lenny Breau , Leslie West , Wes Montgomery , George Peterson, and Hank Marvin . Bachman's first marriage

412-437: A combination of acrylic nails and a thumbpick to improve tone and decrease nail wear and chance of breaking or chipping. Notable guitarists to adopt this hardware are Ani DiFranco , Doyle Dykes , Don Ross , and Richard Smith . Nylon string guitars are most frequently played fingerstyle. The term " Classical guitar " can refer to any kind of art music played fingerstyle on a nylon string guitar, or more narrowly to music of

515-476: A completely different technique, not just a "style" of playing, especially for the guitarist's picking/plucking hand. The term is often used synonymously with fingerpicking except in classical guitar circles, although fingerpicking can also refer to a specific tradition of folk , blues and country guitar playing in the US. The terms "fingerstyle" and "fingerpicking" are also applied to similar string instruments such as

618-493: A doctor's care, something that was difficult to do while on the road. Before his departure from The Guess Who in May 1970, Bachman recorded an instrumental solo album for RCA Records , Axe , over three days in March 1970. The following year, he formed the country rock band Brave Belt with Chad Allan. Brave Belt released its first self-titled LP in 1971. Randy's brother Robbie Bachman

721-458: A fan of the band. During their performance in the episode, Homer Simpson humorously yells "get to the working overtime part" while they perform " Takin' Care of Business ". In 2001, Bachman received an honorary Doctorate of Music from Brandon University in Brandon, Manitoba , along with the other members of The Guess Who. That year he won three SOCAN Classic Awards. In 2005, Bachman was awarded

824-404: A good deal of ostinato patterns, and the use of alternative tunings ( scordatura ) such as open D , open G , drop D and open C . The application or "cross-contamination" of traditional forms of music within the style of American primitive guitar is also very common. Examples of traditions that John Fahey and Robbie Basho would employ in their compositions include, but are not limited to,

927-404: A new project called, Bachman Cummings. In 2004, Bachman helped Kalan Porter on his debut album, 219 Days . He reportedly suggested that Kalan do a drone on the violin during "In Spite of It All". He was also featured performing a guitar solo near the end of the song, "And We Drive". During this period, Bachman has also released an album of original melodic-jazz songs titled, Jazz Thing . By

1030-447: A popular recording artist of the late 1920s and early 1930s. In the 1960s, a new generation of guitarists returned to these roots and began to transcribe piano tunes for solo guitar. One of the best known and most talented of these players was Dave Van Ronk , who arranged St. Louis Tickle for solo guitar. In 1971, guitarists David Laibman and Eric Schoenberg arranged and recorded Scott Joplin rags and other complex piano arrangements for

1133-605: A recording of Davy's Anji that appears on Sounds of Silence , and as a result was copied by many subsequent folk guitarists. By the 1970s Americans such as Duck Baker and Eric Schoenberg were arranging solo guitar versions of Celtic dance tunes, slow airs, bagpipe music, and harp pieces by Turlough O'Carolan and earlier harper-composers. Renbourn and Jansch's complex sounds were also highly influential on Mike Oldfield 's early music. The style also had an impact within British folk rock , where particularly Richard Thompson , used

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1236-539: A second album in 1980 titled, Everything Is Grey . The release contained pop rock influences with greater use of keyboards than the first album. After BTO broke up in early-1980, Fred Turner and Randy formed a new band called Union, and released only one album titled, On Strike in 1981. Later in the article From Rags to Riches and Back , Randy recalled building up a net worth of close to $ 10 million by 1977, only to go broke within four years. He credits these events to his divorce from his first wife Lorayne Stevenson and

1339-756: A soloist. His predecessor in Grappelli's band, John Etheridge (b. 1948) is also an occasional fingerstyle player. The solid-body electric guitar is rarely played fingerstyle, although it presents no major technical challenges. Slide guitarists often employ fingerstyle, which applies equally to the electric guitar, for instance Duane Allman and Ry Cooder . Blues guitarists have long used fingerstyle: some exponents include Jorma Kaukonen , Hubert Sumlin , Albert King , Albert Collins , John Lee Hooker , Muddy Waters , Derek Trucks , John Mayer , Joe Bonamassa , Sandor Enyedi and Buckethead . Exponents of fingerstyle rock guitar include: Mark Knopfler , Jeff Beck (formerly

1442-520: A successful operation on his shoulder in November 2007 to repair a torn rotator cuff , which he has blamed on his decades-long use of heavy guitars. Bachman has 26 grandchildren and 4 great-grandchildren. Bachman is a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism. In January 2023, Bachman announced on Twitter that his younger brother Robbie had died, but he did not specify a cause of death. In

1545-529: A tribute to George Harrison containing versions of the latter's hits. The album featured one original song titled "Between Two Mountains", and also featured Walter Trout on the album's version of "While My Guitar Gently Weeps". Randy and Fred Turner continued to tour as Bachman & Turner through 2018, when Fred amicably retired. Bachman appeared in a CBC television broadcast benefit called " Stronger Together, Tous Ensemble " on April 26, 2020, featuring various Canadian musicians and entertainers. Bachman made

1648-864: A two-year world tour (2010–11) under their Bachman & Turner moniker, beginning at the Sweden Rock Festival in June 2010. Other confirmed dates included the High Voltage Festival in London, UK, in July 2010 and the Manitoba Homecoming Event in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The pair released the next single, "Rock n' Roll Is the Only Way Out" on their official website. Bachman was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame for

1751-418: A versatile guitarist of the three and sometimes four fingers playing style (thumb, index, middle and ring); he plays several different African styles, including soukous or West African music. He often flavours his playing with jazzy improvisations, regular fingerpicking patterns and chord melody sequences. Even when the guitar is tuned in a manner that helps the guitarist to perform a certain type of chord, it

1854-471: A wider audience in the 1950s. Fingerstyle jazz guitar has several proponents: the pianistic Jeff Linsky (b. 1952), freely improvises polyphonically while employing a classical guitar technique. Earl Klugh (b. 1953) and Tuck Andress have also performed fingerstyle jazz on the solo guitar. Briton Martin Taylor (b. 1956), a former Stephane Grappelli sideman, switched to fingerstyle on relaunching his career as

1957-471: Is G-major (D–G–D–G–B–D), called "taropatch", though there is a family of major-seventh tunings called "wahine" (Hawaiian for "woman"), as well as tunings designed to get particular effects. Basic slack-key style, like mainland folk-based fingerstyle, establishes an alternating bass pattern with the thumb and plays the melody line with the fingers on the higher strings. The repertory is rooted in traditional, post-Contact Hawaiian song and dance, but since 1946 (when

2060-634: Is a Canadian guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He was a founding member of the bands The Guess Who and Bachman–Turner Overdrive . Bachman recorded as a solo artist and was part of a number of short-lived bands such as Brave Belt , Union and Ironhorse . He was a national radio personality on CBC Radio , hosting the weekly music show, Vinyl Tap . Bachman was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016. Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba , to Karl (Charlie) Bachman and Anne (Nancy) Dobrinsky, Bachman

2163-459: Is a particular method or technique for playing the guitar . The term slide refers to the motion of the slide against the strings, while bottleneck refers to the original material of choice for such slides: the necks of glass bottles. Instead of altering the pitch of the strings in the normal manner (by pressing the string against frets ), a slide is placed on the string to vary its vibrating length, and pitch. This slide can then be moved along

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2266-402: Is a subset of fingerstyle guitar. It originated with John Fahey , whose recordings from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s inspired many guitarists such as Leo Kottke , who made his debut recording of 6- and 12-String Guitar on Fahey's Takoma label in 1969. American primitive guitar can be characterized by the use of folk music or folk-like material, driving alternating-bass fingerpicking with

2369-418: Is able to run up to 6 lines from his guitar to a mixing desk, providing a full "band sound" – bass drum, snare, bass, guitar – as an accompaniment to his vocals. The six string guitar was brought to Africa by traders and missionaries (although there are indigenous guitar-like instruments such as the ngoni and the gimbri or sintir of Gnawa music ). Its uptake varies considerably between regions, and there

2472-538: Is billed on the album liner notes as "second lead guitar". Thornton's dual-guitar work with Randy Bachman is a prominent feature on many Not Fragile tracks. " Roll On Down the Highway " and " You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet " were hit singles, with the latter hitting No. 1 on the Canadian and US singles charts in November 1974, receiving GOLD certification by the RIAA. Other cuts had significant airplay on FM rock radio. The album produced

2575-444: Is both a playing style and a genre of music. It falls under the "fingerstyle" heading because it is plucked by the fingers, but it is generally used to play a specific type of folk, country-jazz and/or blues music. In this technique, the thumb maintains a steady rhythm, usually playing "ostinato bass" or "alternating bass" patterns on the lower three strings, while the index, or index and middle fingers pick out melody and fill-in notes on

2678-427: Is less common on electric guitar . The timbre of fingerpicked notes is described as "result[ing] in a more piano -like attack ," and less like pizzicato . Because individual digits play notes on the guitar rather than the hand working as a single unit (which is the case when a guitarist is holding a single pick), a guitarist playing fingerstyle can perform several musical elements simultaneously. One definition of

2781-567: Is now Red River College , but did not graduate. In 1960, Bachman and Chad Allan co-founded Al and The Silvertones in Winnipeg. By 1962, the band had changed their name to Chad Allan and the Expressions and later to The Guess Who . In 1965, the Guess Who had a No. 1 hit in Canada with their version of Johnny Kidd's " Shakin' All Over ", which also charted in the US at No. 22. In 1966, Chad Allan left

2884-554: Is now based in the US. Tony Cox (b. 1954) is a Zimbabwean guitarist and composer based in Cape Town , South Africa . A master of the Fingerpicking style of guitar playing, he has won the SAMA (South African Music Awards) for best instrumental album twice. His music incorporates many different styles including classical, blues, rock and jazz, while keeping an African flavour. Tinderwet is

2987-651: Is of half-German and half-Ukrainian descent. At age three, he won a singing contest on CKY 's King of the Saddle program and age five he had started studying the violin in the Royal Toronto Conservatory system. He studied violin until the age of 12 when he grew dissatisfied with the structured lessons. He found that while he could not read music, he could play anything if he heard it once; he referred to it as his phonographic memory. At age 15, Bachman saw Elvis Presley play on Tommy Dorsey 's television show and

3090-561: Is often played in chord-melody style, where the guitarist plays a series of chords with the melody line on top. Fingerstyle, plectrum, or hybrid picking are equally suited to this style. Some players alternate between fingerstyle and plectrum playing, " palming " the plectrum when it is not in use. Early blues and ragtime guitarists often used fingerstyle. True fingerstyle jazz guitar dates back to early swing era acoustic players like Eddie Lang (1902–1933) Lonnie Johnson (1899–1970) and Carl Kress (1907–1965), Dick McDonough (1904–1938) and

3193-456: Is often undesirable for all six strings to sound. When strumming with a plectrum, a guitarist must "damp" (mute) unwanted strings with the fretting hand; when a slide or steel is employed, this fretting hand damping is no longer possible, so it becomes necessary to replace plectrum strumming with plucking of individual strings. For this reason, slide guitar and steel guitar playing are very often fingerstyle. Slide guitar or bottleneck guitar

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3296-415: Is performed/composed most often in standard tuning (EADGBE). However, altered tunings such as dropped D are common. Fingerings for both hands are often given in detail in classical guitar music notation, although players are also free to add to or depart from them as part of their own interpretation. Fretting hand fingers are given as numbers, plucking hand fingers are given as letters In guitar scores ,

3399-414: Is related to classical technique, but with more emphasis on rhythmic drive and volume, and less on dynamic contrast and tone production. Flamenco guitarists prefer keys such as A and E that allow the use of open strings, and typically employ capos where a departure is required. Some specialized techniques include: Bossa nova is most commonly performed on the nylon-string classical guitar , played with

3502-413: Is the technique of playing the guitar or bass guitar by plucking the strings directly with the fingertips, fingernails, or picks attached to fingers, as opposed to flatpicking (plucking individual notes with a single plectrum , commonly called a "pick"). The term "fingerstyle" is something of a misnomer, since it is present in several different genres and styles of music—but mostly, because it involves

3605-460: Is the use of "preset right-hand pattern[s]" while fingerpicking, with the left hand fingering standard chords . The most common pattern, sometimes broadly referred to as Travis picking after Merle Travis , and popularized by Chet Atkins , Scotty Moore , James Burton , Marcel Dadi , James Taylor , John Prine , Colter Wall and Tommy Emmanuel , is as follows: The thumb (T) alternates between bass notes , often on two different strings, while

3708-677: Is the usual technique on the banjo. A distinctive style to emerge from Britain in the early 1960s, which combined elements of American folk, blues , jazz and ragtime with British traditional music , was what became known as 'folk baroque'. Pioneered by musicians of the Second British folk revival began their careers in the short-lived skiffle craze of the later 1950s and often used American blues, folk and jazz styles, occasionally using open D and G tunings. However, performers like Davy Graham and Martin Carthy attempted to apply these styles to

3811-448: Is therefore no single African acoustic guitar style. In some cases, the styles and techniques of other instruments have been applied to the guitar; for instance, a technique where the strings are plucked with the thumb and one finger imitates the two-thumbed plucking of the kora and mbira . The pioneer of Congolese fingerstyle acoustic guitar music was Jean Bosco Mwenda , also known as Mwenda wa Bayeke (1930–1990). His song "Masanga"

3914-424: Is too wide and the normal position of the thumb used in classical guitar technique do not make that possible. Scores (contrary to tablatures ) do not systematically indicate the string to be plucked (although often the choice is obvious). When an indication of the string is required the strings are designated 1 to 6 (from the 1st the high E to the 6th the low E) with figures 1 to 6 inside circles. The positions (that

4017-405: Is where on the fretboard the first finger of the left hand is placed) are also not systematically indicated, but when they are (mostly in the case of the execution of barrés ) these are indicated with Roman numerals from the position I (index finger of the left hand placed on the 1st fret: F–B ♭ –E ♭ –A ♭ –C–F) to the position XII (the index finger of the left hand placed on

4120-503: The Argentinian Oscar Alemán (1909–1980). Django Reinhardt (1910–1953) used a classical/flamenco technique on unaccompanied pieces such as his composition Tears . Fingerstyle jazz on the electric guitar was pioneered by George van Eps (1913–1998) who was respected for his polyphonic approach, sometimes using a seven string guitar . Wes Montgomery (1925–1968) was known for using the fleshy part of his thumb to provide

4223-522: The Order of Manitoba , the highest award in the Province of Manitoba . He was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame for the first time, for his time with The Guess Who in 2001. In 2002, The Guess Who were recipients of The Governor General's Performing Arts Award , Canada's foremost distinction for excellence in the performing arts. By July 2003, Bachman left The Guess Who with singer Burton Cummings, only to form

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4326-415: The banjo . Music arranged for fingerstyle playing can include chords , arpeggios (the notes of a chord played one after the other, as opposed to simultaneously) and other elements such as artificial harmonics , hammering on and pulling off notes with the fretting hand, using the body of the guitar percussively (by tapping rhythms on the body), and many other techniques. Often, the guitarist will play

4429-413: The classical period , as opposed to baroque or romantic music . The major feature of classical-fingerstyle technique is that it enables solo rendition of harmony and polyphonic music in much the same manner as the piano can. The technique is intended to maximize the degree of control over the musical dynamics, texture, articulation and timbral characteristics of the guitar. The sitting position of

4532-515: The fingerpicking technique of Merle Travis and others to play wide variety of material including jazz. This style is distinguished by having a steadier and "busier" (several beats to the bar) bass line than the chord melody approach of Montgomery and Pass making it suited to up-tempo material. Fingerstyle has always been predominant in Latin American guitar playing, which Laurindo Almeida (1917–1995) and Charlie Byrd (1925–1999) brought to

4635-456: The melody is played on the bass strings, usually low E, A, and D while rhythm strumming continues above, on the treble strings , G, B, and high E. This often occurs during the break . Travis picking derives its name from Merle Travis . The foundation of Travis picking revolves around the combination of alternate-bass fingerpicking and syncopated melodies. This style is commonly played on steel string acoustic guitars. Pattern picking

4738-406: The melody notes, interspersed with the melody's accompanying chords and the deep bassline (or bass notes) simultaneously. Some fingerpicking guitarists also intersperse percussive tapping along with the melody, chords and bassline. Fingerstyle is a standard technique on the classical or nylon string guitar , but is considered more of a specialized technique on steel string guitars . Fingerpicking

4841-421: The sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll lifestyle of the other band members. His son Tal Bachman later renounced the religion. Bachman has struggled with obesity. He originally lost 60 pounds from 380 lb by diet and exercise. He became aware of the threat his obesity posed to his health during a performance at Winnipeg Stadium for the 1999 Pan American Games , realizing that his weight-induced back and knee pain

4944-562: The 10th and 11th grades, initially at West Kildonan Collegiate . In his second year of Grade 11, he was placed in a class of students who mostly either "flunked or dropped out and came back", and was asked to be class president by the teacher, who thought he had "discipline and determination" because he had been playing violin since the age of five. He was expelled from West Kildonan in the middle of that year because of his "lack of studiousness", and finished his schooling at Garden City Collegiate . He went on to study business administration at what

5047-410: The 12th fret: E–A–D–G–B–E; the 12th fret is placed where the body begins) or higher up to position XIX (the classical guitar most often having 19 frets, with the 19th fret being most often split and not being usable to fret the 3rd and 4th strings). To achieve tremolo effects and rapid, fluent scale passages, and varied arpeggios the player must practice alternation, that is, never plucking a string with

5150-549: The D–A–D–G–A–D tuning, though with a hybrid picking style to produce a similar but distinctive effect. In 1976, William Ackerman started Windham Hill Records , which carried on the Takoma tradition of original compositions on solo steel string guitar . However, instead of the folk and blues oriented music of Takoma, including Fahey's American primitive guitar, the early Windham Hill artists (and others influenced by them) abandoned

5253-494: The LP The New Ragtime Guitar on Folkways Records . This was followed by a Stefan Grossman method book with the same title. A year later Grossman and ED Denson founded Kicking Mule Records , a company that recorded scores of LPs of solo ragtime guitar by artists including Grossman, Ton van Bergeyk, Leo Wijnkamp, Duck Baker , Peter Finger , Lasse Johansson, Tom Ball and Dale Miller. Meanwhile, Reverend Gary Davis

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5356-404: The US, but had no hit singles. Randy Bachman officially quit the band in mid-March 1977. The rest of the band would continue to record and tour until the end of the decade, after Randy agreed to sell the rights to the "BTO" name to the remaining band members. After his departure from Bachman–Turner Overdrive, Bachman recorded a second solo album titled, Survivor . This release failed to chart in

5459-438: The US. Following the solo album, he formed a new rock band with bassist/singer Tom Sparks, called Ironhorse . Ironhorse released their debut self-titled album in 1979. It contained the single "Sweet Lui-Louise", which charted at No. 36 in the US and No. 26 in Canada, and performed well in other parts of Europe including Italy. After the tour for this album, Tom Sparks left the band and was replaced by Frank Ludwig. The band released

5562-567: The band and Burton Cummings became the primary vocalist. Between 1966 and 1968, The Guess Who worked mostly in their home country, releasing numerous Top 40 singles in Canada. In early 1969, the group finally broke through internationally with the hit song " These Eyes ", co-written by Bachman and Cummings. The Guess Who released three successful albums over the next two years: Wheatfield Soul (1969), Canned Wheat (1969), and American Woman (1970), which brought them mainstream attention. Bachman wrote or cowrote (primarily with Cummings) most of

5665-472: The band at the height of its popularity, shortly after the release of American Woman . He has been quoted as leaving due to the other band members' lifestyle choices conflicting with his beliefs upon converting to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , in addition to wanting to spend more time with his family members. He was also suffering health problems related to his gall bladder and needed to be under

5768-597: The band had anything else he could hear. They played him the leftover track and he assured them it was more radio-friendly than any of the others, convincing the band to add it to the album. The Not Fragile album contains the only instrumental track in BTO's discography, a Blair Thornton composition called "Free Wheelin'". This track would appear as the B-side to the "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet" single. Not Fragile has gone on to achieve triple platinum status. Randy Bachman has called it

5871-489: The band released their second album, Bachman–Turner Overdrive II . This album brought the band greater commercial success than their debut, with hits such as " Takin' Care of Business " and " Let It Ride ", which charted at Nos. 12 and 23 in the US, respectively. In 1974, they released their third album titled, Not Fragile . The release hit No. 1 on the album charts in both Canada and the United States. The album contained

5974-534: The band's "crowning achievement," stating: " Not Fragile was when it all came together for us. We captured the album-oriented rock audience as well as the singles audience with that album. Not Fragile made BTO recognized around the world." Bachman–Turner Overdrive Guest musician Production Shipments figures based on certification alone. Randy Bachman Randolph Charles Bachman OC OM FRCMT( hon ) ( / ˈ b æ k m ən / BAK -mən ; born September 27, 1943)

6077-452: The bass line while strumming chordal or melodic motives with his fingers. This style, while unorthodox, was widely regarded as an innovative method for enhancing the warm tone associated with jazz guitar. Montgomery's influence extends to modern polyphonic jazz improvisational methods. Joe Pass (1929–1994) switched to fingerstyle mid career, making the Virtuoso series of albums. Little known to

6180-578: The court battles over custody of their children, as well as heavy investment in musical projects that did not become fruitful. Bachman rejoined The Guess Who in 1983 with Burton Cummings and other members of the American Woman era, for a publicized reunion. The band toured Canada and released a video of live performances. After The Guess Who reunion ended, Bachman rejoined Bachman-Turner Overdrive with Fred Turner, Tim Bachman, and Garry Peterson of The Guess Who taking over on drums. The reformed band released

6283-521: The early 1970s the next generation of British artists added new tunings and techniques, reflected in the work of artists like Nick Drake , Tim Buckley and particularly John Martyn , whose Solid Air (1972) set the bar for subsequent British acoustic guitarists. Perhaps the most prominent exponent of recent years has been Martin Simpson , whose complex mix of traditional English and American material, together with innovative arrangements and techniques like

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6386-509: The end of the XIII Pan Am Games . Bachman continued as a member of The Guess Who, and played with them on several tours. In 2000, he made a guest appearance on The Simpsons in an episode as himself, in a fictionalized reunion with his former Bachman–Turner Overdrive band-mates, C. F. Turner and Robin Bachman . Series creator Matt Groening , whose father is originally from Winnipeg, is

6489-565: The extended Raga of Indian classical music , the Japanese Koto , and the early ragtime-based country blues music of Mississippi John Hurt or Blind Blake . Fingerpicking was soon taken up by country and western artists such as Sam McGee , Ike Everly (father of The Everly Brothers ), Merle Travis and "Thumbs" Carllile . Later Chet Atkins further developed the style and in modern music musicians such as Jose Gonzalez, Eddie Vedder (on his song Guaranteed) and David Knowles have utilized

6592-495: The fingers rather than with a pick . Its purest form could be considered unaccompanied guitar with vocals, as exemplified by João Gilberto . Even in larger, jazz-like arrangements for groups, there is almost always a guitar that plays the underlying rhythm. Gilberto basically took one of the several rhythmic layers from a samba ensemble , specifically the tamborim , and applied it to the picking hand. Fingerpicking (also called thumb picking, alternating bass , or pattern picking)

6695-471: The first commercial slack key recordings were made) the style has expanded, and some contemporary compositions have a distinctly new-age sound. Slack key's older generation included Gabby Pahinui , Leonard Kwan , Sonny Chillingworth and Raymond Kāne . Prominent contemporary players include Keola Beamer , Moses Kahumoku, Ledward Kaapana , Dennis Kamakahi , John Keawe , Ozzie Kotani and Peter Moon and Cyril Pahinui . The unaccompanied guitar in jazz

6798-548: The five fingers of the right-hand (which pluck the strings, for right-handers) are designated by the first letter of their Spanish names namely p = thumb ( pulgar ), i = index finger ( índice ), m = middle finger ( medio ), a = ring finger ( anular ), and when used, often c = little finger or pinky ( chiquito ). There are several words in Spanish for the little finger: most commonly dedo meñique , but also dedo pequeño or dedo auricular ; however, their initials conflict with

6901-523: The foundations for playing in this way Michael Hedges and Eric Roche developed and essentially pioneered percussive techniques forming a style of their own in the 1980s - 90s. Their progressive contribution played a significant role in influencing a new wave of percussive players including Andy Mckee , Preston Reed , Jon Gomm , Mike Dawes , Chris Woods , Don Ross , Declan Zapala , Erik Mongrain , and Marcin Patrzałek . "Funky fingerstyle" emerged in

7004-645: The general public Ted Greene (1946–2005) was admired by fellow musicians for his harmonic skills. Lenny Breau (1941–1984) went one better than van Eps by playing virtuosic fingerstyle on an eight string guitar . Tommy Crook replaced the lower two strings on his Gibson switchmaster with bass strings, allowing him to create the impression of playing bass and guitar simultaneously. Chet Atkins (1924–2001) sometimes applied his formidable right-hand technique to jazz standards, with Duck Baker (b. 1949), Richard Smith (b. 1971), Woody Mann and Tommy Emmanuel (b. 1955), among others, following in his footsteps. They use

7107-546: The group's songs during this period. In early 1970, the single " American Woman " hit No. 1 on the US Hot 100 charts, a first for a band from Canada. A group composition, the song critiques the "ghetto scenes" and "war machines" of the US, reflecting the Guess Who's experiences of extensive touring in large American cities. With the Vietnam War at its peak, many American men went to Canada to escape US Military service. Bachman left

7210-404: The guitar. Jody Stecher and Alec Stone Sweet are exponents of guitar clawhammer. Fingerstyle guitarist Steve Baughman distinguishes between frailing and clawhammer as follows. In frailing, the index fingertip is used for up-picking melody, and the middle fingernail is used for rhythmic downward brushing. In clawhammer, only downstrokes are used, and they are typically played with one fingernail as

7313-601: The high strings. The style originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as southern blues guitarists tried to imitate the popular ragtime piano music of the day, with the guitarist's thumb functioning as the pianist's left hand, and the other fingers functioning as the right hand. The first recorded examples were by players such as Blind Blake , Big Bill Broonzy , Skip James , Blind Willie McTell , Memphis Minnie and Mississippi John Hurt . Some early blues players such as Blind Willie Johnson and Tampa Red added slide guitar techniques. American primitive guitar

7416-581: The hits, " Roll On Down the Highway " and " You Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet ", which charted at Nos. 14 and 1, respectively. With the latter, Randy had the rare accomplishment of recording an American chart-topper for two different Canadian bands; the other being "American Woman" while he was in The Guess Who. The band remained on the charts through the mid-1970s with their next two albums, Four Wheel Drive and Head On . With these albums, they successfully had additional hit songs with " Hey You ", " Take It Like

7519-421: The index (I) and middle (M) fingers alternate between two treble notes , usually on two different strings, most often the second and first. Using this pattern on a C major chord is as follows in notation and tablature : However, Travis's own playing was often much more complicated than this example. He often referred to his style of playing as "thumb picking", possibly because the only pick he used when playing

7622-406: The initials of the other fingers; c is said to be the first half of the initial letter ch of dedo chiquito , which is not the most common name ( meñique ) for the little finger; the origin of e , x and q is not certain but is said to perhaps be from extremo , Spanish for last or final, for the e and x , and meñique or pequeño for q . The four fingers of the left hand (which stop

7725-474: The mid-2000s, as a style in which the sounds of a full funk or R&B ensemble are emulated on one guitar. Uncommon sounds are being discovered thanks to the technical possibilities of various pick-ups, microphones and octave division effects pedals. Adam Rafferty uses a technique of hip-hop vocal percussion called "human beat box", along with body percussion, while playing contrapuntal fingerstyle pieces. Petteri Sariola has several mics on board his guitar and

7828-663: The only BTO singles to chart in the United Kingdom. "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet" hit No. 2 on the UK charts in November 1974, and "Roll On Down the Highway" hit the No. 22 position in January 1975. "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet" was a leftover track that was not originally intended to be included on Not Fragile . It was only after Charlie Fach of Mercury Records heard the other eight tracks, and did not see hit single potential in any of them, that he asked if

7931-526: The player, while somewhat variable, generally places the guitar on the left leg, which is elevated, rather than the right. This sitting position is intended to maintain shoulder alignment and physical balance between the left and right hands. Thumb, index, middle and ring fingers are all commonly employed for plucking, with occasional use of the pinky. Chords are often plucked, with strums being reserved for emphasis. The repertoire varies in terms of keys, modes, rhythms and cultural influences. Classical-guitar music

8034-421: The playing of traditional English modal music . They were soon followed by artists such as Bert Jansch and John Renbourn , who further defined the style. The style these artists developed was particularly notable for the adoption of D–A–D–G–A–D (from lowest to highest), which gave a form of suspended-fourth D chord, neither major nor minor, which could be employed as the basis for modal based folk songs. This

8137-628: The program to another broadcaster or turn it into a podcast. On July 2, 2005, Bachman performed at the Canadian leg of the global Live 8 mega-concert organized by Bob Geldof . In 2008, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada . Bachman continued his career touring with the Randy Bachman Band, as well as the Bachman-Cummings Band. During this time he featured in a theater-styled show called "Every Song Tells A Story", where he performed live and unplugged with his band, often telling

8240-474: The same finger twice. Common alternation patterns include: Classical guitarists have a large degree of freedom within the mechanics of playing the instrument. Often these decisions influence tone and timbre . Factors include: Concert guitarists must keep their fingernails smoothly filed and carefully shaped to employ this technique, which produces a better-controlled sound than either nails or fingertips alone. Playing parameters include: Flamenco technique

8343-603: The second time, now as a solo artist, in 2012. In June 2015, he received SOCAN 's Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2014, he released a home video package of his "Every Song Tells A Story" performances, which includes an occasional accompanying symphonic orchestra. In 2015, he released an album titled Heavy Blues from his newly-formed band, Bachman. The album was influenced by classic 1960s blues rock and features musical contributions from other musicians including: Neil Young , Joe Bonamassa , Peter Frampton , Robert Randolph , and Jeff Healey . Later in March 2018, Bachman released

8446-494: The self-titled Bachman-Turner Overdrive in 1984, as well as a live album in 1986, after which they opened for Van Halen during the 5150 tour in 1986. By 1987, Randy left the band. By 1988, Bachman-Turner Overdrive had reformed again, this time with the popular 1974–77 lineup. The band toured together until 1991, when Randy again departed. Randy returned to The Guess Who for a reunion performance in August 1999, in Winnipeg at

8549-432: The sight of the guitar around Presley's neck inspired him. He learned three chords from his cousin, then started practising on a modified Hawaiian Dobro . At age 16, Bachman met Lenny Breau and during the next two years Breau taught Bachman finger picking . Breau also introduced him to Chet Atkins ' music. In 1959, Bachman bought a ticket to see Les Paul in concert at a Winnipeg supper club but could not get in as he

8652-781: The statement, he also paid tribute to Jeff Beck , who died two days earlier, saying "maybe Jeff Beck needs a drummer!" In May 2023, he announced in a tweet the deaths of his brothers Gary and Tim "in quick succession since the pandemic." Despite German-Canadian custom, Bachman says his surname is pronounced / ˈ b æ k m ən / (with a short 'a' sound as in "back"), and he uses this pronunciation when referring to himself. The more common pronunciation of "bock-mən", especially on American radio, became so widespread however, that he did not bother correcting people after BTO became popular. Original albums: Compilation: Studio albums: Live albums: Studio albums: Live albums: Compilations: Fingerstyle guitar Fingerstyle guitar

8755-475: The steady alternating or monotonic bass in favor of sweet flowing arpeggios and flamenco -inspired percussive techniques. The label's best selling artist George Winston and others used a similar approach on piano. This music was generally pacific, accessible and expressionistic. Eventually, this music acquired the label of "New Age", given its widespread use as background music at bookstores, spas and other New Age businesses. The designation has stuck, though it

8858-470: The stories behind writing his most famous from the 1960s and 1970s. Bachman and Burton Cummings performed throughout Canada as Bachman & Cummings in the summer of 2006, while on tour with The Carpet Frogs . Bachman and Fred Turner completed a new Bachman & Turner album that was released in September 2010. The album's single titled "Rollin' Along", was released in June 2010 on iTunes. The pair launched

8961-507: The string without lifting, creating continuous transitions in pitch. Slide guitar is most often played (assuming a right-handed player and guitar): Slack-key guitar is a fingerpicked style that originated in Hawaii . The English term is a translation of the Hawaiian kī hō‘alu , which means "loosen the [tuning] key". Slack key is nearly always played in open or altered tunings—the most common tuning

9064-408: The strings, for left-handers) are designated 1 = index, 2 = major, 3 = ring finger, 4 = little finger; 0 designates an open string, that is a string that is not stopped by a finger of the left hand and whose full length thus vibrates when plucked. On the classical guitar the thumb of the left hand is never used to stop strings from above (as is done on the electric guitar): the neck of a classical guitar

9167-530: The style. Most fingerpickers use acoustic guitars, but some, including Merle Travis played on hollow-body electric guitars , while some modern rock musicians, such as Derek Trucks and Mark Knopfler , employ traditional North American fingerpicking techniques on solid-body electric guitars such as the Gibson Les Paul or the Fender Stratocaster . An early master of ragtime guitar was Blind Blake ,

9270-446: The summer of 2005, Bachman began hosting the coast-to-coast radio show Vinyl Tap on CBC Radio One . For the show, he played audio recordings, primarily Classic rock music, while reminiscing about personal encounters with famous artists and musicians from his 50-year career in rock music. The show ran for 16 seasons with its final episode on Canada Day, July 1, 2021, after it was cancelled by CBC, though Bachman said he planned to take

9373-534: The technique has been put forward by the Toronto (Canada) Fingerstyle Guitar Association: Physically, "Fingerstyle" refers to using each of the right hand fingers independently to play the multiple parts of a musical arrangement that would normally be played by several band members. Deep bass notes, harmonic accompaniment (the chord progression ), melody, and percussion can all be played simultaneously when playing Fingerstyle. Many fingerstyle guitarists have adopted

9476-417: The tuning to replicate the drone common in medieval and folk music played by the thumb on the two lowest strings. The style was further developed by Jansch, who brought a more forceful style of picking and, indirectly, influences from Jazz and Ragtime, leading particularly to more complex basslines. Renbourn built on all these trends and was the artist whose repertoire was most influenced by medieval music. In

9579-475: The use of guitar slides, represents a deliberate attempt to create a unique and personal style. Martin Carthy passed on his guitar style to French guitarist Pierre Bensusan . It was taken up in Scotland by Dick Gaughan , and by Irish musicians like Paul Brady , Dónal Lunny and Mick Moloney . Carthy also influenced Paul Simon , particularly evident on Scarborough Fair , which he probably taught to Simon, and

9682-466: Was a banjo thumb pick, or "Muhlenberg picking", after his native Muhlenberg County, Kentucky , where he learned this approach to playing from Mose Rager and Ike Everly . Travis's style did not involve a defined, alternating bass string pattern; it was more of an alternating "bass strum" pattern, resulting in an accompanying rhythm reminiscent of ragtime piano. Clawhammer and frailing are primarily banjo techniques that are sometimes applied to

9785-499: Was a guitarist from Mali , whose music has been called the "DNA of the blues". He was also often compared to John Lee Hooker . His son Vieux Farka Toure continues to play in the same style. Djelimady Tounkara is another Malian fingerstylist. S. E. Rogie and Koo Nimo play acoustic fingerstyle in the lilting, calypso -influenced palm wine music tradition. Benin -born Jazz guitarist Lionel Loueke uses fingerstyle in an approach that combines jazz harmonies and complex rhythms. He

9888-559: Was active in New York City, where he mentored many aspiring finger-pickers. He has subsequently influenced numerous other artists in the United States and internationally. Carter Family picking , also known as "'thumb brush' technique or the 'Carter lick,' and also the 'church lick' and the 'Carter scratch'", is a style of fingerstyle guitar named for Maybelle Carter of the Carter Family 's distinctive style of rhythm guitar in which

9991-458: Was combined with a fingerstyle based on Travis picking and a focus on melody, that made it suitable as an accompaniment. Denselow, who coined the phrase 'folk baroque,' singled out Graham's recording of traditional English folk song 'Seven Gypsys' on Folk, Blues and Beyond (1964) as the beginning of the style. Graham mixed this with Indian, African, American, Celtic, and modern and traditional American influences, while Carthy in particular used

10094-694: Was making touring impossible. During an extended ground time following the September 11, 2001 attacks , Bachman began overeating again. At his next physical after the tour, his physician told him he was morbidly obese . He asked, "Doesn't morbid mean death?" The physician told him of the risks he faced as a result of his obesity. Bachman remembered that Carnie Wilson , the daughter of his friend Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys , had successfully lost weight using bariatric surgery , and sought out her surgeon to help him. Following surgery, he lost 155 pounds by 2006, reaching his 225 lb target weight. Bachman also had

10197-476: Was not a term coined by the company itself. "Percussive fingerstyle" is a term for a style incorporating sharp attacks on the strings, as well as hitting the strings and guitar top with the hand for percussive effect. Principally featuring, string slapping, guitar body percussion, alternate tunings and extended techniques such as; tapping and harmonics. Flamenco and Blues guitarists regularly feature percussive techniques and alternate tunings, and arguably laid

10300-601: Was particularly influential, because of its complex and varied guitar part. His influences included traditional music of Zambia and the Eastern Congo, Cuban groups like the Trio Matamoros, and cowboy movies. His style used the thumb and index finger only, to produce bass, melody and accompaniment. Congolese guitarists Losta Abelo and Edouard Masengo played in a similar style. Herbert Misango and George Mukabi were fingerstyle guitarists from Kenya . Ali Farka Toure (d. 2006)

10403-576: Was the drummer for Brave Belt, at barely 18 years-old. Fred Turner subsequently joined Brave Belt on bass and vocals, resulting in the band evolving into a heavier sound, which led to the departure of Chad Allan. Left with a three-member line-up, Brave Belt added Tim Bachman as a second guitarist. With this lineup, the members signed a record deal with Mercury Records and renamed the band Bachman-Turner Overdrive . Often referred to as "B.T.O." for short, they released their first self-titled album, Bachman–Turner Overdrive in May 1973. In December 1973,

10506-519: Was to Lorayne Stevenson (1966 to 1977). With Stevenson, Bachman had six children. His son, Tal Bachman , is a recording artist best known for his 1999 top-20 hit song " She's So High ". His daughter Lorelei Bachman is also a writer/musician. He then was married to Denise McCann from 1982 to 2011, and they had one child. They resided on Salt Spring Island , British Columbia, Canada. Bachman and McCann separated in 2011. During his early Guess Who years, Bachman's Mormon religious beliefs conflicted with

10609-553: Was too young. He instead helped Paul set up before the show and also helped him reload everything into the car after the show. Still a budding guitarist at this point, Bachman asked Paul if he could teach him a guitar lick; Paul ended up teaching his version of " How High the Moon ". He was initially a good student at school until he took up the guitar, when he focused on that instrument to the exclusion of his education. He passed Grade 9 at Edmund Partridge Junior High School, but repeated both

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